Growing cucumbers in a greenhouse making Finnish sausages. Original ways of planting and growing cucumbers in the beds. Watering cucumbers in a greenhouse

When bunch cucumber plants are not able to feed numerous ovaries, some of them dry up. To prevent this from happening and the harvest met your expectations, you must follow 11 rules.

Helpful advice

Pouring cucumbers will accelerate if you put a barrel of fermented grass in the greenhouse. Carbon dioxide released during fermentation increases fruiting. There is such a statistic: if the amount of carbon dioxide exceeds the norm by 20 times, the yield increases by 20 percent.

1. 10 days before planting seedlings, fertilize the soil in the greenhouse. For digging, humus or compost (10-15 kg / m2) and complex mineral fertilizer (2 tablespoons / m2) are introduced. The day before planting, the beds are watered abundantly.

2. Plant cucumbers when the soil at a depth of 10 cm warms up to 10 degrees, this usually happens in mid-May.

3. Holes with a depth of 10-12 cm should be placed every 40 cm in one row, bunch cucumbers do not like crowding. Before planting, pour at least 1 l of a warm solution of potassium permanganate (1 g / 10 l) into each well.

4. Water the seedlings 2 hours before transplanting. Plant together with an earthen clod so that its upper edge is flush with the ground. After planting, add soil, compress the plants with it, water and sprinkle with peat, humus or just dry earth.

5. Maintain optimal conditions for the growth of ovaries in the nodes: air humidity 90-95%, temperature when planting seedlings 20-22 degrees, when flowering 25-28, when fruiting 25-30 degrees.

6. Protect from late frosts by additionally covering the bed with a film stretched over low arcs.

7. As soon as the threat of frost has passed, tie it to the trellis. To create it, at a height of 2 m, 2 wires are pulled at a distance of 30 cm. Plants are tied to them with twine, securing it with a free loop under the first pair of leaves. In this case, the order of the garter is as follows: one plant is fixed on one wire, the next on the other. The twine is tied to the wire, leaving a hanging end 20 cm long. It is needed to loosen the tension of the garter as the stem grows. Twice a week, twine is wrapped around the plant in a clockwise direction.

8. Mandatory formation of strongly and medium branching plants by shortening shoots. The procedure is as follows. In the axils of the first four leaves of zone 0, all female flowers are removed, as well as shoots, not allowing them to grow more than 5 cm. In zone I, when the first bunch of cucumbers grows, pinch the side shoots, leaving 2 leaves. Next, in the II zone, a pinch is made, leaving 2 leaves and a bunch of cucumbers each. And accordingly, in zone III, 3 bunches of cucumbers and a leaf are left. When the stem reaches the wire, it is twisted around it twice and secured with a figure-eight twine. Give a pair of leaves and bunches of cucumbers to grow and pinch.

9. Watering cucumbers only with settled warm water on sunny days, followed by loosening. Before fruiting, water once a week, then after 2-3 days.

10. Fertilizing plants every 2 weeks, alternating complex mineral fertilizer (1-1.5 tablespoons per 10 liters of water) and organic matter: mullein at a dilution of 1:10, bird droppings - 1:20.

11. To activate the filling of all fruits, spraying with drugs that increase resistance to stress (epin, zircon, etc.). They are treated with them no more than twice: at the beginning of the opening of the buds and during the period of mass flowering.

Helpful advice

If the plants have grown to the trellis, and there is no filling of cucumbers, you should remove the top of the main stem and stop fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers.

For 10 years, growing cucumbers from a hobby has become my business. The size of the winter heifer is 70 square meters. m, but now there is an opportunity to increase production by building a greenhouse with an area of ​​500 sq. m - my experience was successful!

Growing cucumbers in winter in a greenhouse in the Central region of Russia is quite profitable. This culture early comes into bearing and allows you to get a second crop. Seeds are sown in three stages. The first launch is January 28th. These plants bear fruit until the end of June, after which we remove the old lashes, wash the greenhouse, prepare the ground, material and plant the seedlings again on July 16. We also have ground cucumbers. We plant them on May 5th.

THIS IS INTERESTING. When the main lash bears fruit, we cut off the wilted leaves. The whip is overgrown with new, smaller ones, and soon ovaries appear. For comparison: the same tomatoes give 5 brushes each, they bear fruit - and that's it.

We harvest the first tangible harvest in mid-March (the first cucumbers appear earlier, by March 8). At this time, the retail price is 200 rubles. for 1 kg. It stays at this level until mid-May, then gradually decreases. There are no problems with the implementation. Delicious, fresh, fragrant and sweet cucumber always goes with a bang. It so happens that the cucumbers I have grown reach the market only in June, when acquaintances and acquaintances of acquaintances are already full of them. And there are no problems in the market. You can wholesale Zelentsy or sell it yourself at retail (as we do). In the spring from the greenhouse we sell from 10 kg to 35 kg every other day, in the summer, from the ground, 100-300 kg every other day (at this time the price drops, and you have to take it in quantity).

THIS IS INTERESTING. The main costs are seeds, non-woven material with which we close the beds, drip irrigation tapes (each launch I change them for new ones, although during traditional operation the tape can not be changed for up to 3 years), heating and light. However, already 35% of the profit covers all costs.

We do not grow cucumbers in winter, the experience turned out to be unsuccessful: the plants, despite the backlight, were very weak, and a meager harvest would not have allowed us to recoup the cost of gas and electricity.

THIS IS INTERESTING. You can not save on planting material. We buy seeds of high quality, professional. They are already covered with a protective compound that protects the seedlings from diseases. We have been growing the F hybrid, Adam, for many years, and we are satisfied with both its appearance and taste.

I sow the seeds in well-boiled sawdust, as soon as they cool to room temperature. Whether they are coniferous or deciduous, it does not matter, the main thing is that they should not be furniture production waste (where chipboard or plywood can be found). Seedlings appear on the 3-5th day, we transplant them into plastic cups with a volume of 0.8-1 l. Since the age of seedlings at planting is 24-30 days, plants do not need more volume. By this time, cucumbers give 4-5 true leaves, tendrils, side shoots and even ovaries appear.

We plant plants according to the scheme 40 × 80 cm. For the first start, 120 roots are required, in July - 100 roots, and in the ground - 2000 roots (on an area of ​​7 acres), where they grow up, without a trellis.

THIS IS INTERESTING. A full harvest will give only properly formed plants. We cut off the side shoots in the first 4 nodes (bosoms) so that the plant forms a powerful root system. Further, on the 5th, b and 7th sinuses, we leave one cucumber each. And above the side shoots we form into one sheet.

Such a technique as lowering the lashes showed itself very well: from their lower parts, which have already borne fruit, we cut off all the leaves, and lower the lashes themselves, laying them down in the “bays”. This method is very good in the second turn. There is also a desire to conduct an experiment and lay the stem, which has already yielded the crop, on arcs. Let's see, maybe this technology will be more advantageous.

Deciding to go into the cucumber business, you need to remember about three factors, saving on which can nullify all efforts.

1. WARM.

Heating even in a small greenhouse should be of high quality. I have a 17 kWh gas boiler. The heat from it is enough to heat 70 square meters. m. What is the gas consumption by months?

For 2 months of unsuccessful experience (December and January), we spent 830 cubic meters each. m, in January - 830 cubic meters. m. In February, you have to spend 850 cubic meters. m, in March - 560 cubic meters. m, in April - 500 cubic meters. m, in May - 300 cubic meters. m. This year was a cold June, so I had to spend another 100 cubic meters. m of gas, although this is usually not required.

Uniform air temperature (20-25 °) is provided by steel pipes extending from the boiler (they pass at a height of 40 cm and 2 m from the level of the beds). Plastic pipes are laid under the beds at a depth of 20 cm. Yes, they have less thermal conductivity than metal ones, but they are easy to adjust so that they heat up to 20-25 °.

THIS IS INTERESTING. We maintain the soil temperature at 21°. How? By setting the boiler temperature to 80°, we know that the plastic pipes will heat up to 40°. This is a lot, it is necessary to close the ball valves on pipes going underground. Well, if the temperature at the boiler is lower, but we, on the contrary, need to raise the temperature of the soil, we open them a little.

For additional air heating, I have a conventional radiator from the VAZ-2107 and a fan, the principle of operation is like in a car. This is the protection of plantings from diseases, because when it is cold outside, humidity rises in the greenhouse and fungal and bacterial diseases can occur. Blowing plants with warm air can significantly reduce this danger. In winter, cucumbers absolutely need ventilation. Well, in the summer - ventilation. The greenhouse is equipped with vents that we (depending on the weather) open and close.

2. WATERING CUCUMBERS IN THE GREENHOUSE.

For irrigation, we use warm (20-25 °) water so that the plants do not have stress. Only being in comfortable conditions, they give the maximum yield.

I determine the frequency of watering as the soil dries up (after 1-2, maximum 3 days). Everything depends on the sun. If it shines intensely, more frequent watering is needed. In the heat, pour up to 2 liters per root, in cloudy -1 liter. If there has been no sun for several days, we reduce the intensity of watering by pouring 1 liter per plant every other day.

PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL

Unlike the same potatoes, where the Colorado potato beetle can be harvested by hand, this will not work with cucumbers. Here the pests are small - whiteflies, spider mites, thrips. Our main problem is the spider mite: it appears when it is very hot. To combat it, at the first sign of trouble, I use an acaricide with the active ingredient spiromesifen -5 ml / 10 l of water. If you miss the time, the pest will multiply and eat the crop in a week, a maximum of two.

As for diseases, they will appear extremely rarely if all the rules of agricultural technology are followed. At high humidity, rot can occur - white or gray. Will the ground be cold? Wait for root rot, popularly referred to as the black leg. This is a signal: it is necessary to change agricultural technology. In such cases, the greenhouse was disinfected with sulfur bombs.

H. GREENHOUSE LIGHTING

Without sun, crops decrease: 1% loss of light is 1% crop loss! You can't save on the world.

Since I also grow cucumbers in early spring, when there is little sun, I use backlighting.

Two types of lamps are installed in the greenhouse - LED and HPS. The former are economical and very good for supplementing seedlings. The latter are used as additional lighting and warm the air a little. Three HPS lamps of 400 W each are located near the ceiling, at a height of 2.3 m. I assembled LED lamps myself, these are modules with a power of 30 W and 50 W (now I am experimenting with them). Practice has shown that it makes sense to mount LED lamps with a thermostat (in the hottest hours they will automatically turn off).

THIS IS INTERESTING. Previously, on the north side of the greenhouse, I lost up to 70% of the crop - cucumbers dropped their ovaries. I installed additional LED lamps there - and the problem was solved.

In professional greenhouses in winter, lighting works for 20 hours a day. Previously, we turned on the lamps at home for 12 hours a day, and this year the experiment showed that the yield is higher if the plants are lit for 17 hours a day.

Electricity costs depend on the time of year. So, our unsuccessful winter experiment required 450 kW of energy in December, and 430 kW in January. The rest of the costs have already been paid off by the harvest. In February, for example, 570 kW were consumed, in March - 500 kW, in April - 230 kW, in May - 110 kW, in June - 70 kW (there was little sun, which is why we had to light up, we usually turn off the lighting in May) .

I use ordinary land for planting, but every year I add biohumus - no more than 20% of the total mass of the land, that is, 2 potato bags per 10 square meters. m, and add a little manure. For 10 years of operation of the greenhouse, I only changed the soil once - last year I decided to test the technology of "Finnish sausages" and used a new soil.

Cucumber is a crop that is very demanding on soil fertility. But for abundant fruiting, he also needs top dressing. I spend them every 10 days: first I add fertilizer to the irrigation water, and after about 1 hour I also spray it on the leaf. I use water-soluble complex fertilizers with trace elements.

And the last thing: do not chase big money right away! I advise you to start a cucumber business with a small greenhouse. In this case, even failure will not be as critical as if you immediately went into business in a large area.

The standard methods of planting and growing vegetables are being replaced by new, modern and more convenient methods.

When choosing original ways to grow cucumbers, you need to take into account some of the features discussed in the following descriptions.

1. Unusual ways of growing cucumbers in bags or garbage bags are built on the principle of a vertical bed.

You need to choose only dense bags. Planting takes up little space, cucumbers are easy to care for, and the fruits begin to ripen ahead of schedule. Step by step, you can describe the progress of the work as follows.

• For the manufacture of a watering system, three plastic tubes are useful, over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich you need to make holes.
• The prepared bag is completely stuffed with soil, and a wooden peg is stuck in the middle. On the upper edge of the stick, several nails are driven in, to which ropes will then be tied.
• Plastic tubes are inserted around the wooden peg.
• It is required to make several small cuts on the package on one side.
• No more than three seedlings of cucumbers are planted in one bag.

Water is poured through plastic tubes for watering cucumber beds, and using a side incision, the degree of soil moisture is determined.

As soon as the antennae appear on the cucumbers, you need to install pillars around the bag. A thick rope is stretched from them to a wooden stick located in the middle of the ground in a bag.

1. Among the unusual ideas, planting cucumbers in buckets is not the last. To grow cucumbers in a bucket, you need to know a few rules.

Slightly branched and bushy varieties are suitable for planting cucumbers in buckets. They do not have many root branches and therefore do not require much space. The main thing is that the bucket should not be less than 5 liters. The material can be any. Be sure to make drainage holes in the bottom of the container. Cucumber grown in buckets in a greenhouse is juicy, crispy, without a hint of bitterness.

Growing cucumbers in buckets has its advantages. The bucket can always be moved to another, better place or completely removed from the garden if there are heavy rains or frosts. Cucumbers are rarely exposed to diseases and pests, the fruits are always clean and easy to pick.

2-3 grains are sown in prepared holes in buckets. As soon as the leaves begin to unfold at the seedling and antennae appear, arcs or other support are installed above the bucket.

1. In open ground, you can use another idea for growing cucumbers. You can plant cucumbers in unnecessary tires.

Growing cucumbers in tires has its advantages. In the pyramid of wheels, all the necessary conditions for growing cucumber beds are created. The tires retain heat well, take up little space, can be placed in any convenient place and there is no need to fertilize the entire area. A similar planting option can be used for greenhouse varieties of cucumber.

Initially, you need to decide where to put the structure. Be sure to lay cardboard or paper under the tires so that the grass does not grow inside. First, the first tire is installed and drainage material is laid in it, dry tree branches are well suited. Sprinkle with soil on top.

A second one is placed on the first tire and filled with dry grass, as well as food waste, which will serve as good fertilizer. Cover with earth again. The third tire is filled with rotted manure, the next layer will be the soil itself.

Holes are made in a circle and two seeds are sown. When growing cucumbers in wheels, good germination is noted, the plant is less sick. If the weather is cool, then you can cover the seedlings of cucumbers with a film.

1. The compact version is the one with drawers.

You don't need a lot of space to grow cucumbers in boxes. They take ordinary wooden boxes, line the bottom with a film in which several holes are made. The next layer is sand (4.5 cm). After that, you need to decide on a permanent place in the garden, so as not to drag a heavy box.

After placing the box, it is covered with ordinary earth. You can mix the top layer of soil with rotted manure. Prepared wells are watered and two seeds are sown. Be sure to tie ropes vertically so that the lashes of cucumbers stretch upwards.

1. You can grow cucumbers on mineral wool.

This is a special material in the form of cubes that allows you to moisturize and drain. cucumber root system. The root of the seedling receives oxygen, moisture and nutrients in sufficient quantities.

The width of the cube should be about 25 cm, the height is about 8 cm. Two seedlings are planted on each cube. For seedlings of cucumbers, smaller cubes are used.

How to plant cucumbers

Cucumbers are grown in two main ways: horizontal and vertical. With a horizontal landing, cucumber lashes creep along the ground, and with a vertical landing, they climb up along the installed support.

Some vegetable growers are invited to plant cucumbers in the form of a Christmas tree. When planting herringbone cucumbers, the bed is made round (diameter approximately 1.5-2 meters). A round bed is dug up, hay is laid in a trench for insulation and sprinkled with earth.

Cucumber seedlings are planted at a dacha plot at a distance of 45 cm. A wooden peg is driven in near each seedling. After 2.5 weeks, start tying. A pipe is driven into the center of the round bed, at the end of which there are hooks. Then they pull the twine or thick rope from the peg near the seedling to the hook. It turns out a Christmas tree or something like a pyramid.

If cucumbers are planted with a Christmas tree, then all parts of the plant receive free access to sunlight and air. Cucumber beds require minimal maintenance. Weeds appear occasionally, pests and diseases, judging by the reviews, are very rare. The grown fruits are easy to collect.

For growing vegetables, gardeners use another unusual way of growing cucumbers. In greenhouse conditions, Finnish sausages are built - a structure of two long boards and slats between them. Clamps are passed at a distance of 30 cm. It turns out an elongated box, which is covered with a film with an overlap on the sides.

From the experience of vegetable growers: “I have been growing cucumbers using the Finnish sausage method for several years. At the bottom of the made beds I fall asleep gravel, which will serve as drainage. I place a filtering covering material on top, and then you can start filling the sausages with soil. I level the earth, spill it with water and wrap it with a film, tie the clamps and leave the structure for a day.

A day later, I push the joints of the film apart and plant the prepared cucumber seedling along with an earthen clod. As soon as the plant reaches 15 cm, I extend a vertical rope along which a cucumber whip will be launched.

A similar method of planting cucumbers in a greenhouse minimizes vegetable diseases, there are no weeds, heat and moisture linger in the soil for a long time. The harvest pleases with its quantity and quality.

Special technique

Growing cucumbers using the Mitlider method allows you to fit the beds even in a small space. The harvest is rich and of high quality. It is supposed to dig up the earth not on the whole site, but only on the beds. As a result, there are fewer weeds and there is no need to loosen the soil.

You can grow cucumbers according to Mitlider not only in garden beds, but also in boxes. A mixture of sawdust and sand is poured into the boxes if the soil in the area is rocky.

The scheme of vegetable growing in narrow beds is simple. A strip of land is enough, the width of which is only 45 cm. The passage between the beds should be about 95 cm. In the fall, after harvesting, all vegetable waste is placed in these passages. Cucumber beds should be horizontal and parallel to each other. The length of the beds does not matter.

Fertilizer must be applied before sowing.

First, a lime mixture is added to the marked cucumber bed, then a mixture of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium, covered with phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen on top. After that, the soil is dug up and leveled. Due to the soil in the aisles, sides about 9 cm high are formed along the edges of the beds.

If you plant cucumbers in this way, then the seeds are sown in two rows and along the edges of the side. Cucumber seeds are not sown in the middle of the garden. You can plant cucumbers and seedlings. You should not forget to feed the cucumbers every 8 days.

As soon as the cucumber bushes reach a height of 18 cm, they begin to tie them up. Two wires are stretched over the bed. One end of the rope is tied to the stem of the seedling itself, and the other is clinging to the wire.

A gardener who annually plants vegetables on his plot knows various ways of planting cucumbers. For original beds, various improvised materials can be used.