A proven method for teaching your child to spell fluently. What a preschooler should be able to do before dividing into syllables. We learn to combine letters into syllables

Speak in sentences, clearly express your desires, conduct a simple dialogue.
Know letters, it is desirable to recognize vowels and consonants.
Be able to count to at least 5.
Know the spatial concepts of "right" and "left".

If your child has speech impairments, you should definitely consult with a speech therapist. The specialist will indicate which classes to pay special attention to in order to avoid problems in the future associated with violations of the syllabic structure of words.

The division of words into syllables begins before learning to read by syllables. First, children are introduced to the concept of "word". Each item has its own name. Children practice to name different words. Then a graphic designation of the word is introduced in the form of a bar or a rectangle. When children master syllables, they are separated by dashes in accordance with the number. The word is divided into vowels and consonants, as well as a stressed syllable.

Syllables are open and closed. Open ones look like consonant + vowel, closed ones look like vowel + consonant. Children can explain it this way:

“Out in the open air freely: MAAA, LOOO, NUUU. We seem to be breathing. In a closed air meets an obstacle - lips, tongue or teeth. Therefore, it abruptly breaks off, as if closing, - AM, OH, IL.

When explaining the principle of division into syllables, the technique of substituting the palm under the chin is used. How many times the chin falls, so many syllables in the word.

Confident reading children can determine the number of syllables by the number of vowels.

Why divide words into syllables

Dividing words into syllables makes it easier to learn to read. Even adults, when they come across an unfamiliar word, mentally read it syllable by syllable. Dividing words into syllables for preschoolers is a way to better understand the phonetic structure of speech. This skill will help in the future to do a phonetic analysis of words in Russian lessons.

The division into syllables is also needed in Russian lessons in the topic "Word Transfer". Children who have poorly learned syllables encounter errors when they leave consonants on a line.

A syllable can consist of a vowel or a vowel and one or more consonants.

To teach a child to divide into syllables, you need to use visual methods: cards with syllables, didactic games and simulators.

Preschoolers really like classes with cartoon characters and fairy-tale characters. If the tasks are given not by the parent, but by Peppa Pig, the classes will be livelier.

Division into syllables for preschoolers

Cards with syllables

It is convenient to use a large cash register of syllables. The necessary letters are inserted into the pockets, resulting in syllables. Cards can be purchased as a set, or you can make your own. Of particular interest to the baby will be cards made jointly. The division of a word into syllables for preschoolers is easier to digest if it is competent and interesting to organize classes.

Exercises with cards

1. An adult shows the syllable BA, invites the child to read and answer the question whether it is a word. It's not a word because it doesn't mean anything. Then the syllable RAS is taken. They also read it and find out that this construction is not a word. Next, the adult puts the syllables BA and RAS next to each other. The kid reads the syllables, and the word "ram" is obtained. It is useful to supplement the task with an appropriate picture.

2. The child is given an odd number of syllables on the cards - so that at least four of them can be combined into words. Start with five cards. Example - NOT, BO, KOSH, KA, RU. First, the preschooler reads the syllables. Then the adult takes the syllable with which any of the words begins, and offers to pick up the syllable of the “lost friend”.

3. An adult prepares a few words in advance. He calls the beginning of the word, the child must find the continuation on the cards. You need to start with two or three syllables so that the baby does not get confused. The reverse option - an adult shows a syllable on a card, and a preschooler thinks out the ending.

4. An adult lays out two words using syllables, and the syllables are mixed up: KOSH-BA, RY-KA. The child is invited to return the “lost” syllables to their own words.

Didactic games

1. An adult writes syllables, short words and consonant combinations on a piece of paper (PRS, PA, CAT, KI, KIT, KOSH, etc.). The kid is invited to find the syllables and paint them over with a green pencil. To diversify the game, you can offer to find words.

2. Playing with a ball. An adult calls the syllable - RU - and throws the ball. The child catches and invents a sequel.

3. Write words on strips of paper. The preschooler reads them, then, together with the adult, divides them into syllables. After the word is cut with scissors into syllables. A variant of the task is to assemble the words back from the chopped syllables.

4. Slapping syllables. This is a well-known and effective method for teaching syllable division. For each syllable, you need to clap your hands or stomp your foot. For active children, you can divide words into syllables using jumps. A favorite toy or ball can also jump.

5. An adult calls a word from one syllable: cat, catfish, ball, leaf. The child must name the word in a diminutive form: cat, ball, leaf. In this case, you need to determine the number of syllables in a word using the palm under the chin or clapping.

Games on the syllabic structure of a word for children are of increased interest and contribute to the consolidation of the material.

simulators

There are programs adapted for preschoolers and younger students to train the skill of dividing into syllables. They can be purchased in stores, some download. The simplest ones can be used online.

Tasks in simulators are usually similar to exercises with cards. You can move the syllables with the mouse, make words out of them, choose between a syllable and a word, etc.

It is better not to use simulators at the initial stage of training. It is more appropriate to include them in classes when the child clearly understands the principle of division into syllables.

Children really like interactive tasks on the computer. Many modern school textbooks are equipped with a task disk. You can take simple exercises from there that are feasible for preschoolers.

The simulator "We divide words into syllables for children" will help diversify classes with a preschooler and consolidate the knowledge gained.

Rules for division into syllables

The education system has changed a lot in recent years. There were other requirements for the school curriculum.

The rules for dividing words into syllables have changed somewhat since the modern parents of the 80s and 90s were born in elementary school.

1. A syllable begins with a consonant sound if it contains several letters. Examples: CAR-TI-NA, TVO-ROG, SUB-STAV-KA. The exception is the letter Y. It belongs to the previous syllable: RAY-ON, REI-KA, MAY-KA.

2. Voiced sonorant consonants and Y refer to the first syllable when dividing: GAL-KA, SKAL-KA, TUM-BA.

3. Deaf, voiced non-sonorous and hissing sounds belong to the second syllable: SHA-PKA, SHI-SHKA, MI-SHKA.

4. Double consonants pass into the second syllable: TOR-GEST-VE-NNY, LONG, A-KKU-RAT-NY. However, for the transfer, the old division rule was preserved: CEREMONIAL, LONG, AK-KURATNY.

Preschoolers who are learning to read do not need to be taught these rules in detail.

An adult must know these rules himself and correct the child if he is mistaken. Children will remember most of the words and will automatically divide them correctly. At school, in the appropriate lessons, the teacher will explain the rules for dividing into syllables.

Regular exercise at home, combined with activities in kindergarten, will facilitate later schooling.

If a child is taught to put letters into syllables, then they are engaged in sound method. And this is a logical and understandable chain of learning to read: sounds (together with their visual literal representation) → syllables → words → sentences.

Historical preface

The sound method was proposed by the great teacher D.K. Ushinsky more than 150 years ago, instead of the literal subjunctive, and was supported by D. Tikhomirov, F. Zelinsky, L. Tolstoy and others. Previously, children first memorized the names of the letters: az, beeches, lead, and so on. Then syllables were memorized: “beeches” and “az” in this sequence form “ba”, “az” and “lead” - “av” ... Then words were added, and the teacher had to explain each unfamiliar syllable, and the student had to memorize. Those. the child did not understand how letters are combined into warehouses.

When teaching reading by the sound (or sound-letter, phonetic, speech therapy) method, the process was greatly simplified: children learned meaningfully from the very beginning, understanding the technique of adding sounds. This is how our parents, grandmothers, great-grandmothers mastered reading and writing, and as experience shows, in 100% of cases successfully.

Putting sounds into syllables

To explain to the baby the way to connect two letters into a syllable, you can use several tricks and games.

The method proposed and described in the “Primer” by N.S. Zhukova

Having written (or laid out cards, magnets) two letters at some distance from each other, connect them with a pointer or pencil. At the same time, you need to pronounce the first sound until it “runs” to the second. The child needs to be explained: “Pull the first letter until you reach the second along the path along the path.” You can draw a boy running between the sounds and tell the baby: “Pull the 1st letter until you, together with the boy, run to the second along the path.” In this case, the baby holds a finger (pencil), connecting the letters.

By the same principle, you can draw how one letter catches another with a fishing rod, depict them as parts of a train. In a word, the main thing is that the child understands and is interested.

So at first, children are taught to combine vowels (“wa”, “ay”, etc.), then reverse syllables (“am”, “mustache” ...) and thirdly, direct ones. If the baby can’t put together two certain sounds, you can try to work with others. Let's say instead of "M" take "C".

Change of letters

You will need cards. The adult shows one letter - the kid reads it. At the same time, the second letter is brought from afar, and the first is removed, and the child immediately proceeds to sound the new letter. You need to do this so that the baby calls the entire syllable without breaking:
M M M M A A A A,
S S S S O O O O O.

Singing syllables (logorhythmics)

Singing syllables over and over is a small but often powerful technique. Many children perceive and understand the combination of letters into syllables better if they are shown and sung:
MA - MO - MU, BA - BO - BU, etc.

Sa-sa-sa…

Zhu-zhu-zhu ...

You can easily find similar videos on youtube (search for the word "logarithmics"). But it’s better to take texts from the video, and sing mostly by yourself, and not just turn on a computer or tablet.

You can sing warehouses by folding them in any of the ways. However, you should not add the words in the same way later - the child can sing sentences in syllables even without pauses.

Friendship of Sounds

This is a fun educational game that can suit both 3.5 and 6 year olds depending on their individual needs. You need to take the ball and explain to the child that the sounds really want to be friends, and you need to help them with this. The adult says "M" wants to be friends with "A" and throws the ball to the kid. He catches it and throws it back, saying: "MA". Further: "O" wants to be friends with "M", - the ball flies to the baby, who returns it with accompaniment: "OM".

You can play without the ball, asking the child to make friends, for example, "B" and "A". It is useful to develop the exercise by offering to help different sounds get along with one: “Let's help the letters make friends with the “U”. The adult calls: "M". The child answers: "MU". "S" - "SU" and so on.

So the baby will learn to connect letters by ear.

Conclusion

No matter how the child is taught to combine letters into syllables, you need to understand that for the baby this can be hard work. And in order to make it as easy and simple as possible, it is better to do everything in a playful way, come up with your own tricks, repeat the same sounds and the way they are folded many times. But when the child has firmly mastered the combination of letters into syllables, he will continue to read without errors.

Thanks to these exercises, the child will learn to read quickly and correctly.

Many of us still remember that same red primer with a big bright letter "A" on the cover. Thanks to this book, millions of children quickly learned to read. Time has passed, and now these children have matured and become parents themselves. But now they no longer turn to the very book from which they themselves once learned to read. Today, there are so many methods for teaching children to read that you can easily get confused - what to choose in order to quickly teach a child to read and, most importantly, correctly. Tyulenev's technique is designed to teach kids almost from the cradle, Zaitsev's cubes and the rough letters of Maria Montessori promise miracles in learning. Young parents rush between all these ways, and with them their child.

And yet, how to teach a child to read, which method to give preference to, when to start learning and with what? These questions concern many young fathers and mothers. But few of them think about the fact that learning letters and being able to put them into words and phrases with sentences is not at all the most important thing.

Now it is very fashionable early development of kids. As soon as the child is one year old, they already begin to teach him to read and count. But it has already been proven that this is fraught with consequences for the emerging psyche of children. The belief that the sooner a child’s education is started, the better, is wrong. According to neurologists, parents who strive for very early learning can harm their baby.

Let's see how the formation of the child occurs.

- From early pregnancy to three years, the first functional block of the brain is formed, which is responsible for the emotional, cognitive and bodily perception of the child.

- At the age of three and up to five years - eight years, the second functional block of the brain is formed. It governs perception: sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch.

According to ophthalmologists, early teaching a child to read is fraught with consequences for the eyes - myopia may develop from premature visual stress. Experts do not recommend learning to read before the age of five or six. Before this age, the formation of the ciliary muscle, which is responsible for visual acuity, occurs.

- The development of the conscious mental activity of the child occurs at the age of seven to fifteen years.

The functional blocks of the brain are formed sequentially. All attempts by parents to "jump" any of the stages will negatively affect the development of natural processes that occur in the child's body in a given period. There is simply a distortion in the natural development of the baby. The consequences of a child's early learning may not be immediately apparent. That is what they are fraught with. Years later, this can affect the emotional and personal relationships with people. And it can also result in an unpredictable form: stuttering, tics, neuroses, various speech disorders and obsessive movements.

How to determine that physiologically the child is ready to learn to read?

- the child has formed a speech, he can speak in sentences and compose a coherent story;

- the child has no speech pathology disorders. And here we mean not only the correct pronunciation of individual sounds, but also violations of the rhythm and melody of speech;

- the child is well oriented in space, not getting confused in the concepts of top and bottom, right - left;

- the child's phonemic hearing is quite developed - he easily recognizes the sound not only at the beginning of a word, but also in its middle part and at the end of a word.

How to properly teach a child to read, so as not to cause tears, reproaches and resentment? This question is often asked by parents of future first-graders. Of course, you can stop at the usual method for everyone. It comes down to daily monotonous activities, during which the child learns to write hooks and sticks, and also reads the primer. But all moms and dads know that such activities bring boredom, fatigue and irritation, the child does not learn to read thoughtfully. As a result, a reluctance to study develops. And although the child will receive certain knowledge and skills, such training is unlikely to become for him a good school for the development of feelings and emotions, as well as a means of learning about the world around him and himself in it. To make learning an exciting game and turn it into a joint creative process of children and adults, so that the child learns to read correctly and quickly, choose a different path.

Just as babies learn to understand spoken language, they must learn to read words and sentences. But the most important thing is that it is quite real and the facts confirm it.

Scientists have proven that the eye sees but is not aware of what it sees; The ear perceives sound, but does not understand what it hears. The whole process of understanding this happens purely in the brain.

When we hear a spoken word or sentence, the sounds are split into multiple electrochemical impulses that are sent to the brain. Our brain connects all these impulses together and perceives their meaning and meaning. A similar action occurs with vision. Our eyes see what is written, but do not understand it. The brain does not see what is written, but understands it.

Visual and auditory endings are passed through the brain, which processes the information received. In the event that the baby would have to master only one of the many skills, then the ability to read would undoubtedly become such a skill. It is it that is the basis of all types of standard, formal and non-formal education.

How to quickly teach a child to read so that he does not get tired and does not lose interest? Exercise regularly, but not for long. For the first lessons, five to ten minutes will be enough. Gradually, this time can be increased to thirty minutes. Conduct a lesson in the form of a game - the child should be easy, interesting and not bored.

Before proceeding with the reading technique, learn all the letters with your baby. Cubes will help a lot with this. The pictures drawn on them will help you recognize the subject and associate it with the letter. Teach your baby to name the letters correctly: watermelon - "A", house - "D", etc. Play a game with your baby - ask him to find the letter "A". At the same time, do not rush to give hints. The child must learn to independently find the right cube. If he can't, he needs help.

10 important tips to help you teach your child to read correctly:

What method of teaching reading to follow? When teaching your child to read in syllables, give preference to the usual primer, which was compiled by K. Zhukova. This book is an effective helper for a child who is learning to understand how to put letters into syllables, syllables into words, and these words into whole sentences. There are few pictures in the book, but they are quite enough so that the child is not bored.

In what order to learn vowels and consonants. First, we teach the child open vowels - A, O, U, E, Y. Now you can proceed to hard consonants - M, N. But make sure that the child pronounces them correctly: not “em”, and not “me”, but simply “m”. The next in line are deaf and hissing sounds: Ш, С, etc.

Do not forget to repeat the material of the previous lesson with the child at each lesson. Remember together what sounds you learned in the last lesson. By consolidating the material covered, you will help develop a competent reading mechanism in your child.

Take a look at the primer. Show your baby how the first letter of the syllable "m" hurries to the second letter "a". Explain to the child that this is how it should be pronounced: m-m-ma-a-a - m-m-ma-a-a. In such an accessible form, the child understands that one letter runs to another. As a result, they speak together, without separating from each other.

Now let's start learning simple syllables. To easily teach a child to read, you need to start with simple syllables, in which there are only two letters: ma, la, ra, mu, mo. The kid must master and understand how two letters form a syllable. It is important for him to master the mechanism of reading by syllables. After he understands this, he will easily learn to read more difficult syllables - with deaf and hissing consonants: shi, yes, in, etc.

You can start learning more complex syllables. Do not rush to read words or books. Give your child a better understanding of the mechanism of reading by syllables. Just complicate the task - read with him syllables that begin with a vowel: am, av, he, y.

After all the syllables have been mastered, we start reading the simplest words: “ma - ma”, “ra - ma”, “we - lo”.

How easy is it to teach a child to read by syllables? Be sure to teach your child to pronounce syllables correctly. This is a guarantee that he will learn to read well. Note. According to one of the methods, teachers and educators in kindergartens teach children to sing syllables. Kids quickly get used to it and sing syllables constantly in one breath. However, they do not make any pauses between words. Some kids get so carried away that they sing the entire paragraph without respecting the punctuation marks - periods, exclamation marks and question marks. If you decide to teach your child to read, do it well. No need to let the child sing everything. Pay attention to the pauses between words, and especially between sentences. Teach your child to this order: sang the word - pause, sang the second - pause. In the future, he himself will learn to shorten the pauses. But at the beginning of training, it is simply necessary to do them.

What is the best age to teach a child to read? Do not get ahead of events. At the age of three or four, it is unlikely that your child will be interested in poring over books, learning to read and putting letters into syllables. At this age, it is definitely too early to start learning to read. The only exceptions are those cases when the child himself unambiguously shows a desire for this.

But at the age of five and six, children must be engaged so that they can read and write words in block letters. Those children who go to kindergarten are taught this by educators. If your baby does not attend kindergarten, you will have to deal with the child. Let this responsibility be at least partially taken over by the grandmother or grandfather. As a last resort, hire a tutor. This is necessary because modern methods assume that the child will come to the first grade already prepared and reading in syllables. This is also important from a psychological point of view. If you teach your child to read before school, it will be easy for him to read in the first grade and the first stress from school will be avoided.

To quickly and correctly teach your child to read by syllables, turn learning into a game. Do not force your child to expressive or fluent reading. It is much more important that he independently be able to put letters into syllables, read them in a book, and be able to compose words, phrases and sentences. He just needs to master the technique of reading. It does not matter if at first it will be slow and difficult for the baby. Remaining calm, smoothly and quietly help him correct mistakes while reading. Let it be like a game. After all, in the game you can relax without getting stressed. In the process of learning to read, it is necessary to ensure that the baby, without straining, understands what the elders want from him.

If you follow these tips, you will be able to teach your baby to read quite tolerably in a month and a half.

If your child already knows how to read whole phrases tolerably in syllables, we gradually move on to teaching the baby to read fluently. Below are 14 lessons with which you can teach your baby to read fluently, and most importantly - correctly. It is advisable to teach a child of six to seven years of age fluent reading no more than 30 minutes once or twice a day. You can complete these lessons in any order. No more than 4 lessons per day.

How to develop vigilance in a child

Try this task:

- In a series of five or six vowels, insert one consonant. Invite the child to find the extra letter. You can change this assignment.

- Write down the words in which only one letter is different: whale - cat; juice - bough; wood - weight, etc. The child must answer how the words differ from each other.

Gymnastics that develops articulation in a child

These activities help you improve your pronunciation, promote proper breathing, and help you speak more clearly.

The game "fold the word from the halves"

Pick up simple words consisting of two syllables. At least ten words are required for one lesson. Write these words on two cards and ask your child to put the words together correctly. Cards need to be changed constantly.

How to quickly train attention

The task is as follows. Your toddler is reading a text in a book. At your command "Stop!" he takes his eyes off the book, closes them and rests. On command "Read!" the child must find the fragment where he paused his reading.

Semantic guess (anticipation)

The principle of anticipation - when reading, the peripheral vision of the child sees the outline of the next word. From what he read, he concludes what word should be next.

To develop a semantic guess, you can do the following exercise with your child. Write words in which either a letter or a syllable is missing. Let the child guess which letters to enter. These activities greatly improve a child's ability to learn to read fluently.

Teach your child how to read

You will need two identical texts. Start reading slowly, and let the child read after you, following the lines with your finger. Gradually speed up the pace, but make sure that the baby does not lag behind.

Reading for time

Choose simple text. Record the time (for example, a minute) and let the child read. When the time is up, count how many words the child managed to read in a minute. When reading again, the child will read more words.

To develop a clear pronunciation, read tongue twisters with your child. First, read them slowly and in a whisper. Then - confidently and loudly. Make sure that the child clearly pronounces the endings of the words. In the same way, read proverbs and sayings with your child.

The game "make an accent"

Choose a word with several syllables and try with your child to stress each of the syllables. The child must determine which accent is correct.

Try to involve your child in the reading process. When reading your favorite fairy tale to him, stop at the most interesting place. Say that you are tired of reading and ask the child to read a short passage of text.

See filmstrips

This lesson is the best way to train the technique of reading.

How to develop a child's field of vision

a) Draw a table. Write one letter in each cell. Invite the child to read them all silently, pointing to the letters with a pencil. You need to read as soon as possible and memorize the sequence of letters.

To teach your child to read fluently, read upside down. This is how the memorization of integral patterns of letters develops. The child will learn to combine the semantic ending of the word with the letter analysis. Go to this exercise not immediately, but when the child learns to read without errors. Thanks to this exercise, the child will learn to read quickly and correctly.

Stages of learning to read

In order for the development of the material to be easy and effective, it is worth knowing the main stages of learning to read. Haste and untimeliness in this matter will not lead to quick results, but rather discourage the desire to learn from the child for a long time. It is also important to know what place syllable division plays in teaching reading.

Consider the following steps:

sound (acquisition of skills to distinguish sounds in a word and name them);
alphabetic (learning letters);
syllable division (dividing words into syllables, identifying syllables by ear, adding them into words);
reading words individually, in phrases and sentences.

The most important sign that a child is ready to start learning to read is his interest in letters and words. “What is this letter?”, “How to write it?”, “What is this word?” - all these questions signal that it is time to start active reading.

Reading Teaching Methods

There are five popular methods.

Sound-letter, or the Elkonin method. This is a fairly complex system, focused on the age of 6-7 years, therefore it is not suitable for preschoolers.
Traditional speech therapy. According to this system, N. S. Zhukova's primer was compiled. The combination of classical and modern learning technologies is popular in schools. Children should be brought to this method gradually by the age of 6 in order to simplify schooling.
Doman method. Glenn Doman is a neuroscientist. He developed a system for teaching reading to mentally retarded children. At the moment, this system is also used with healthy children in the early stages of development. The method is to show the child words written in bright red letters and repeat them several times a day. Thus, visual memory develops, letters and words are remembered.
Zaitsev's method. It is based on the addition of ready-made syllables written on cubes. Suitable for preschoolers. The method is popular, but not officially used in schools.
Montessori system. Children first learn to write letters using frames and special inserts, and then learn the letters themselves and the corresponding sounds.

In the Doman method, whole words are studied at once, and in Zaitsev, syllables plus words, so if you choose these methods, the stage of learning syllable division merges with the letter stage. When your child knows the names of some letters and sounds and he has a good vocabulary, you can connect the following exercises to the lessons.

Complex of games and exercises

Taking into account the existing stages and methods of teaching reading, you form the entire educational process. After the child has learned the letters and sounds, you can begin to teach the child to read by syllables. It is best to conduct classes in a playful way - this way the preschooler will be more comfortable, moreover, this will increase interest in reading in general.

So, what games can be used in the learning process?

The game "How many syllables - so many steps!". To begin with, it is worth teaching the child to hear syllables in words and pronounce them. You need to explain to him that in a word the number of syllables equals the number of vowels (you can remind him that vowels are sounds that "can sing" and sing these sounds with him). Start this game with simple words with one or two vowels, preferably repeated: mom, dad, Sasha, hall, garden; table, yard, milk, etc. When you repeat all the vowels separately, gradually complicate the game, including words with different sounds: summer, Vova, heaven, Luntik, etc.
"Walkers". It is pointless for children of 5 years old to explain the rules for attaching sonorous sounds to syllables, as well as transferring consonant letters to other consonants, as in the word no-ski. Use games with memorizing specific syllables. Draw a poster with a map of a fictitious city. At each station, in a frame, draw syllables with a bright felt-tip pen, start with simple ones: at station 1 - MI, at station 2 - SHA, at station 3 - DE, at station 4 - YES. Give your child a car and travel around the city with him. Ask him to name syllables, for each correct answer, give a chip. Reward for completing the entire game with a medal. Make several of these posters with different stations and syllables.
"Magnets". An effective game if you set out to teach your child to syllable not only simple, but also complex words. Get letter magnets, attach them to the refrigerator or magnetic board. Together with your child, make up a few words every day using syllables from magnets. It could be some kind of code to get an extra 10 minutes of watching the cartoon. Or the trick "divide the word BA-NAN into syllables and get a banana." Make up a compound word, for example, the surname - ALEKSEEVA. And ask the child to divide it into syllables. Help if he fails.
"House-man-vegetable". Cut out several houses and glue to whatman paper. Each house will have a name, such as MA or TO. Cut out the little men and give each a name that begins with the syllable that the houses are called (Masha and Tom). Ask the child to correctly connect the person and the house according to the first syllable. Then Masha and Toma will go to the store and buy fruits or vegetables there that begin with the syllables “ma” and “to” (tangerines, tomatoes). Cut out or draw a shop with various products.
"Write in the sand." Learning to write letters on a multi-colored semolina. Children like to draw in the sand, you can buy multi-colored sand in the store, or color semolina, put it on a tray and show the child how to write various letters and syllables. It develops fine motor skills and creativity.
"Combine syllables into words." You can gradually move on to more difficult exercises. Write the syllables on the cards and ask them to make a word. Suggest short words first, then long ones. Make a pyramid of words: at the top is the shortest word, and at the bottom is the longest.
"I'm following." Write words on A4 sheets, distribute the sheets throughout the apartment, and put a prize at the finish line (toy, ticket for attractions), ask the child to follow in the footsteps. Stepping on each, he needs to name the word by syllables. You can also write separate syllables so that with each step the child gets a new word. By doing this simple but interesting exercise, the child will learn how to connect syllables.
"Find another word in the word." I dined (lunch, gave), GARDEN (city, clan), etc.
Texts for reading to preschoolers. Small texts by which the child can begin to read syllables in words. Use rhyming texts and tongue twisters (“Mom washed the frame”, “We have fun in the countryside”). First, the child must memorize the whole phrase, and then divide it into syllables.

Remember: the game is an optional activity, so do not force the child to do what he does not want, but rather motivate him or reschedule the activity for another time. The more colorful the game is designed, the longer the preschooler will be occupied with it, and the better the results will be.

Seal

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Profitability and Efficiency of Lemonade Production in a Mini Plant

Engineering LLC sells complex lemonade bottling lines designed according to individual specifications of manufacturing plants. We manufacture equipment for...