Bulgakov's essay image and characteristics of the ball dog's heart. The difference between ball and shvonder, preobrazhensky, bormental The image of the hero in the work

Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov is an unambiguously negative character in Mikhail Bulgakov's story "Heart of a Dog", which unites three genres at once: fantasy, satire and dystopia.

Previously, he was an ordinary stray dog ​​Sharik, but after a bold experiment carried out by a talented surgeon, Professor Preobrazhensky and his assistant, Dr. Bormental, he becomes a man. Having come up with a new name for himself and even acquiring a passport, Sharikov begins a new life and fanned the fire of the class struggle with his creator, claiming his living space and in every possible way "shaking" his rights.

Characteristics of the main character

Polygraph Poligrafovich is an unusual and unique creature that appeared as a result of transplantation of the pituitary gland and seminal glands from a human donor to a dog. The balalaika player, recidivist thief and parasite Klim Chugunkin became an accidental donor. On the eve of the operation, he is killed with a knife in the heart in a drunken brawl, and a professor who conducts research in the field of rejuvenation of the human body uses his organs for scientific purposes. However, the pituitary gland transplant does not give the effect of rejuvenation, but leads to the humanization of the former dog and its transformation into Sharikov in just a few weeks.

(Vladimir Tolokonnikov as Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov, film "Heart of a Dog", USSR 1988)

The appearance of the new “man” turned out to be rather unpleasant and, one might say, repulsive: short stature, hair that is hard and growing like bushes in an uprooted field, a face almost completely covered with fluff, a low forehead, thick eyebrows. From the former Sharik, who was the most ordinary yard dog, battered by life and people, ready for anything for the sake of a deliciously smelling piece of sausage, but with a faithful and kind canine heart, the new Sharikov has only an innate hatred of cats, which influenced his choice of a future profession - head of the department for cleaning the city of Moscow from stray animals (including cats). But the heredity of Klim Chugunkin manifested itself in full: here you have unbridled drunkenness, impudence, rudeness, blatant savagery and immorality, and finally an accurate and true “scent” of the class enemy, which turned out to be its creator Professor Preobrazhensky.

Sharikov brazenly declares to everyone that he is a simple worker and proletariat, fights for his rights and demands respect for himself. He comes up with a name for himself, decides to get a passport in order to finally legitimize his identity in society, gets a job as a stray cat catcher and even decides to get married. Having become, as he thinks, a full-fledged member of society, he considers himself entitled to tyrannize his class enemies Bormental and Preobrazhensky, brazenly claims a part of the living space in order to arrange his personal life, with the help of Shvonder, cooks a false denunciation of the professor and threatens him with a revolver. An outstanding surgeon and world-famous luminary, having suffered a complete fiasco in his experiment and a failure in raising the resulting humanoid monster Sharikov, commits a deliberate crime - puts him to sleep and with the help of another operation turns him back into a dog.

The image of the hero in the work

The image of Sharikov was created by Bulgakov as a reaction to the events taking place at that time (20-30s of the XX century), the coming to power of the Bolsheviks and his attitude towards the proletariat as the builders of a new life. The impressive image of Sharikov gives readers a clear description of a very dangerous social phenomenon that originated in post-revolutionary Russia. Very often, such terrible people as Sharikov got power into their own hands, which led to horrific consequences, devastation and destruction of all the best that has been created for centuries.

The fact that normal intelligent people (such as Bormental and Preobrazhensky) considered savagery and immorality was considered the norm in the society of that time: to live at someone else's expense, inform on everyone and everything, treat smart and intelligent people with contempt, etc. It is not for nothing that the professor is still trying to remake and educate the “rare scum” of Sharikov, while the new government accepts him as he is, supports him in every possible way and considers him a full-fledged member of society. That is, for them, he is a completely normal person, who does not fall out of the normal behavior at all.

In the story, Preobrazhensky, having realized his mistake of interfering in the affairs of nature, manages to correct everything and destroy his terrible creation. However, in life everything is much more complicated and confusing, it is impossible to make society better and cleaner with the help of revolutionary violent methods, such an attempt is doomed to failure in advance, and history itself proves this.

Italian cinematographers were the first to take up the film adaptation of Mikhail Bulgakov's work. The first was the film Heart of a Dog (1976), which opened the world to the masterpieces of the Russian classic.

In the Italian film "Heart of a Dog" (Cuore di cane), Bulgakov's story is combined with the genre of Italian tragicomedy. Sharikov is presented here as a good-natured klutz who finds himself in sad and funny situations. He resembles the tragicomic Italian movie hero Fantozzi.

And Professor Preobrazhensky looks like a negative hero here. He is presented as a mad scientist with the ideas of fascism.

Mad scientist Preobrazhensky (Max von Sydow)

Dr. Bormental in the film to match the professor

By the way, Bulgakov's work "Heart of a Dog" was first published in Europe. So foreigners got acquainted with this book before Soviet readers. In the Soviet Union, this story was banned. “This is a sharp pamphlet on the present. Under no circumstances should it be printed,” the censors made their decision.

Cheerful carefree Sharikov

The film adaptation of Bulgakov's story was taken up by the Italian director Alberto Lattuada, who was already a popular master of Italian cinema of his time.

In Bulgakov's story, the director noted the danger of the emergence of European fascism, which is the main focus of the film.

The Italian director did not like Professor Preobrazhensky's passion for luxury, which is described in detail in the story. An arrogant scientist gorges himself on delicacies when ordinary Soviet people of that time were starving.

Sharikov - dog

Almost human

“On plates painted with heavenly flowers with a black wide border lay sliced ​​salmon and pickled eels in thin slices. On a heavy board is a piece of cheese with a tear, and in a silver tub covered with snow is caviar. Between the plates there are several thin glasses and three crystal decanters with multi-colored vodkas. All these items were placed on a small marble table, cozily attached to a huge carved oak sideboard, belching beams of glass and silver light. In the middle of the room is a heavy, like a tomb, table covered with a white tablecloth, and on it are two appliances, napkins folded in the form of papal tiaras, and three dark bottles, ”writes Bulgakov.

Preobrazhensky lives in a luxurious apartment, despising ordinary people. The indignant democratic Italians emphasized these unpleasant features of the professor.

The professor's reasoning about the "devastation" and other features of Soviet life in the cinema are taken verbatim from the book, but have acquired a different meaning (see below an excerpt from the film).

Professor and Shvonder with their fighting girlfriend

Shvonder in the Italian film version is shown as a fanatic of communism, a mad inquisitor of his time. This character in the movie also looks tragic.

Shvonder's fighting girlfriend

Sharikov is having fun as much as he can and is a hooligan. He is faced with the injustice of society, which he tries to resist in his own way. The dog-man turns out to be kinder and more humane than many people. It looks funny, but sad when you know the end of this story.

Of course, the Italians revealed in detail the theme of sad love. Sharikov turns out to be a romantic. He courts the typist Zoya Vasnetsova, whom he wants to marry. The professor interferes in their relationship, he does not allow Sharikov to arrange his personal life.

Sharikov and Zoya

Sharikov did not work out with Zoya, the professor interfered.

The simple-hearted Sharikov falls in love with Zina, the professor's assistant. The girl at first chuckles at Sharikov's clumsy manners. Zina is a kind honest girl. At the end of the film, she falls in love with the sincerity of this man, but the Professor turns him into a dog.

Zina

In the Italian film version, Sharikov wants to thwart the crazy professor's plans, and Preobrazhensky decides to get rid of him. So the Sharikov man is a dog again.

The movie is good but sad. Laughter through tears.

The film can be viewed online:

Cast:
As Professor Preobrazhensky Max von Sydow
Sharikov (in the Italian version he became Bobikov) - Kochi Ponzoni
Zina - Eleanor Giorgi
Bormenthal - Mario Adorf
Shvonder - Vadim Glovna

It is better for an animal to remain an animal. Professor Preobrazhensky, a doctor who gives youth to patients in the story "Heart of a Dog", came to this conclusion. Philip Philipovich created Sharikov as a kind of human being, but the experiment failed - the ideal member of society did not come out of the dog.

Story

The work pretty much spoiled the life of the Russian prose writer. At the beginning of 1925, Mikhail Bulgakov began to create a new story under the working title Dog's Happiness. A monstrous story, which was expected to be published in the Nedra magazine.

Three months later, the author put an end to the next literary work and presented it to his colleagues in the pen at the Nikitsky Subbotniks meeting. The Main Political Directorate immediately received a denunciation of Mikhail Afanasyevich for a “hostile thing, breathing contempt for the Soviet system”.

It came to, and he finally hacked the work. Moreover, they came to the writer with a search, confiscating two copies of the manuscripts of The Heart of a Dog. In the 1960s, a typewritten creation leaked into samizdat, and from there, carelessly copied, flew to the West. Legally, the story reached the Soviet reader only in 1987 through the Znamya magazine, but it was the same poor-quality copy. Only at the height of perestroika was the original published.

About the prototypes of the main character of the story of Professor Preobrazhensky are still arguing. Whether there was such a person remains a mystery, but the prototypes are exactly M.A. Bulgakov used in his work. Researchers see similarities with the life of the hero in the life of the gynecologist Nikolai Pokrovsky, the uncle of the prose writer. The decor of the book doctor's dwelling is as copied from his apartment.

Perhaps the writer also relied on the image of an academician: an influential person of his time despised the Bolsheviks, survived a series of searches, but survived thanks to Lenin's patronage.

The biography of Preobrazhensky was also based on elements of the activities of Sergei Voronov, an experimental surgeon who tried to transplant primate ovaries into women. And the famous gynecologist Vladimir Snegirev liked to sing when he was thinking about important matters, just like the professor from Heart of a Dog.

And, finally, the list of prototypes is closed by the former personal doctor of the family, Dmitry Nikitin, exiled to Arkhangelsk, and the physician Vasily Preobrazhensky, whose interests lay in the field of genetics and experimental physiology. In particular, he tried his hand at rejuvenation.

Whether one of these personalities was actually the main one for creating the image of Philipp Philippovich is no longer important now. Bulgakov managed to mix the best minds of the era and show the reading public a symbol of humanity and high morality. True, the educator did not work out of Preobrazhensky - no matter how he tried, he did not succeed in blinding a full-fledged person from Sharikov.

main plot

The plot of the story takes place in Moscow at the end of 1927. Professor Preobrazhensky, together with his assistant Dr. Bormental, in continuation of successful experiments on rejuvenation, decide to try their hand at transplanting human testicles and a gland responsible for growth and development to an animal. The material was taken from the deceased alcoholic and parasite Klim Chugunkin, and the street dog Sharik acted as the experimental subject.

The dog began to turn into a man, having absorbed the worst qualities of his donor - a passion for alcohol, rudeness and rudeness. The news of the successful experience spread around the medical community, and the fruit of the amazing experiments became the star of medical lectures. Yesterday's dog, having fallen under the care of the chairman of the house committee, an activist of the communist party Shvonder, received documents in the name of Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov and completely strayed from the hands of his creator.

Shvonder instilled in the consciousness of the half-man, half-dog the conviction that he was a representative of the proletariat suffering from the oppression of the bourgeoisie, that is, the doctor and his assistant Bormenthal. Sharikov allows himself to be rude towards them, gets drunk to the point of unconsciousness, molests servants and steals money. The last straw was the denunciation of Preobrazhensky, which miraculously did not reach the authorities. During the scandal, when the professor was driving his scientific offspring out of the apartment, Sharikov threatened him with a revolver. The patience of the doctors ran out, and the experimenters performed an operation with the opposite effect - Polygraph Poligrafovich again took on the appearance of a dog.

The image of a professor

An exact description of the hero is given by Sharikov himself with a capacious phrase:

"There is no smell of the proletariat here."

Professor Preobrazhensky is a representative of the intelligentsia, a symbol of the outgoing Russian culture. This is evidenced by the appearance and lifestyle of the doctor. Philip Philipovich is dressed in a dark suit, wears a gold chain and a fox fur coat. In the spacious seven-room apartment, despite the changed times, there is still a servant, to whom the doctor treats with respect. The professor has lunch in an aristocratic manner - in the dining room, where the table is set with expensive dishes, and the assortment of dishes includes slightly salted salmon, caviar, cheese and even eels.

The author created a charming personality. Preobrazhensky is very emotional, intelligent and has excellent logic, in disputes he behaves diplomatically and with restraint, and readers quickly turned aphorisms, which are rich in his speech, into catch phrases. Trying to characterize the characters of "The Heart of a Dog" by phrases, people who are keen on socionics attribute the professor to two sociotypes - an extrovert and a rational.

Preobrazhensky sincerely does not like the proletariat, condemns the new authorities for their rudeness and violent methods, predicting the imminent decline of the country's economy. The changes reflected in the little things infuriate the professor: the guests of the house now do not take off their shoes in front of the stairs, not a month passes without turning off the electricity, and carpets and flowers have disappeared in the front door. Philipp Philippovich believes that the proletariat is worthy only of cleaning sheds, and not of leading the state.

In the famous monologue about devastation, the professor shares his opinion that the horror that is happening around is the result of a mess in a person’s head:

“What is this ruin of yours? (...) Yes, it does not exist at all. What do you mean by this word? It's this: if I, instead of operating every night, start singing in my apartment in a choir, I will be devastated. (...) Consequently, the devastation is not in the closets, but in the heads.”

The luminary of science pursues the goal of making the world around us better, but not through violence.

“You can only act by suggestion,” he says.

Preobrazhensky hopes to transform nature by transplanting human organs into animals in order to eliminate the imperfection of human nature. The fiasco in this direction makes the professor understand the immorality of scientific experiments on humans, and attempts to change the order of things are fraught with unpredictable consequences. As a result, the hero comes to the conclusion that everything in nature is logical and natural - geniuses decorating the world still stand out from the "mass of all filth".

Quotes

“- And, God save you, do not read Soviet newspapers before dinner.
- Hm... Why, there are no others.
“Don’t read any.”

“You know, a person without documents is strictly forbidden to exist.”

“Why was the carpet removed from the front stairs? M? What, Karl Marx forbids keeping carpets on the stairs?

"And you, in the presence of two people with a university education, allow yourself to give advice on a cosmic scale and cosmic stupidity."

“Never commit a crime, no matter who it is directed against. Live to old age with clean hands."

“Only the landowners who were not cut by the Bolsheviks eat cold appetizers and soup. A more or less self-respecting person operates with hot appetizers.

“I’m closing my apartment and leaving for Sochi! I can give the keys to Shvonder, let him operate. But only one condition - whatever, whatever, whenever, but that it be such a piece of paper, in the presence of which neither Shvonder nor anyone else could even come to the door of my apartment! Final paper! Actual! Real! Armor!"

Quotes from the "Heart of a Dog" are so witty that they were not ignored by the authors of the memes. The Internet is full of photos of Professor Preobrazhensky from a 1988 Soviet film with altered phrases. Let's take a look at the funniest ones:

"Humanity will be saved by punitive psychiatry."

“Did you read it on the Internet, sir? Yes, you, my friend, have problems with your head.

"I'm not trolling, I'm just being defensive."

• The first film based on Bulgakov's story was directed by Alberto Lattuada. The film was co-produced by Germany and Italy and was released in 1976. In the homeland of "Heart of a Dog", the film adaptation was delayed due to the ban on the work.

• For, brilliantly playing the role of Preobrazhensky in the Russian film, work in the Heart of a Dog was a salvation: the Moscow Art Theater actor was retired in the late 80s, and the director gave him a chance not to become depressed.
• Actors similar to dogs were selected for the role of Sharikov. Casting organizers saw similar features in and. However, the director rejected these candidates. In the last stack of photos, the attention of the master of cinematography was attracted by an unknown employee of the Alma-Ata theater. At the tests, the man won the heart of the creator of the picture when he raised a glass of vodka with the words: “I wish that everything!”

There are no block quotations in this paraphrase. You can help the project by providing block quotes. See citation guide.

dog's heart

The story "Heart of a Dog" Bulgakov wrote in 1925. At this time, the ideas of improving the human race with the help of advanced scientific achievements were very popular.

Bulgakov's hero, world-famous professor Preobrazhensky, in an attempt to unravel the secret of eternal youth, accidentally makes a discovery that allows him to surgically turn an animal into a human.

However, an experiment on transplanting a human pituitary gland into a dog gives a completely unexpected result.

To get acquainted with the most important details of the work, we suggest reading a summary of Bulgakov's story "Heart of a Dog" chapter by chapter online on our website.

Sharik is a stray dog. To some extent a philosopher, worldly intelligent, observant and even learned to read the signs.

Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov - Sharik after an operation to implant a human pituitary gland into the brain, taken from a drunkard and rowdy Klim Chugunkin who died in a tavern brawl.

Professor Philip Preobrazhensky is a medical genius, an elderly intellectual of the old school, extremely dissatisfied with the onset of a new era and hating its hero, the proletarian, for his lack of education and unreasonable ambitions.

Ivan Arnoldovich Bormental is a young doctor, a student of Preobrazhensky, who deifies his teacher and shares his convictions.

Shvonder is the chairman of the house committee at the place of residence of Preobrazhensky, the bearer and distributor of communist ideas so unloved by the professor. He is trying to educate Sharikov in the spirit of these ideas.

Zina is the maid of Preobrazhensky, a young impressionable girl. Combines household duties with the functions of a nurse.

Daria Petrovna is Preobrazhensky's cook, a middle-aged woman.

The young lady-typist is a subordinate and failed wife of Sharikov.

The stray dog ​​Sharik freezes in a Moscow gateway.

Suffering from pain in his side, on which the evil cook splashed boiling water, he ironically and philosophically describes his unhappy life, Moscow life and types of people, of which, in his opinion, the most vile are janitors and porters.

A certain gentleman in a fur coat appears in the field of view of the dog and feeds him with cheap sausage. Sharik faithfully follows him, wondering along the way who his benefactor is, since even the doorman in a rich house, a storm of stray dogs, speaks obsequiously to him.

From a conversation with a porter, a gentleman in a fur coat learns that “residential comrades have been moved into the third apartment,” and perceives the news with horror, although the upcoming “compression” will not affect his personal living space. Chapter Two

Having brought him to a rich warm apartment, Sharik, who decided to make a scandal out of fright, is put to sleep with chloroform and treated. After that, the dog, who is no longer bothered by the side, watches with curiosity at the reception of patients. There is an elderly ladies' man, and an elderly rich lady in love with a handsome young cheater. And everyone wants one thing - rejuvenation. Preobrazhensky is ready to help them - for good money.

In the evening, members of the house committee, headed by Shvonder, pay a visit to the professor - they want Preobrazhensky to give up two of his seven rooms in the order of "seal". The professor calls one of his influential patients with a complaint about the arbitrariness and invites him, if so, to be operated on by Shvonder, and he himself will leave for Sochi. Leaving, members of the house committee accuse Preobrazhensky of hatred for the proletariat.

Chapter Three

Over dinner, Preobrazhensky rants about food culture and the proletariat, recommending that no Soviet newspapers be read before dinner in order to avoid digestive problems.

He is sincerely perplexed and indignant at how it is possible to stand up for the rights of workers all over the world and steal galoshes at the same time.

Hearing how a meeting of housing comrades sings revolutionary songs behind the wall, the professor comes to the conclusion: “If I, instead of operating every evening, start singing in chorus in my apartment, I will be devastated.

If, on entering the lavatory, I begin, pardon the expression, to urinate past the toilet bowl, and Zina and Darya Petrovna do the same, devastation will begin in the lavatory. Consequently, the devastation is not in the closets, but in the heads. So, when these baritones shout "beat the devastation!" - I am laughing. I swear to you, I'm laughing! This means that each of them must hit himself on the back of the head!

There is also talk about the future of Sharik, and the intrigue has not yet been revealed, but the pathologists familiar to Bormental promised to immediately report the appearance of a “suitable corpse”, and the dog will be observed for now.

They buy Sharik a status collar, he eats deliciously, his side is finally healing. The dog is naughty, but when the indignant Zina suggests tearing him out, the professor strictly forbids this: “You can’t fight anyone, you can only act on a person and an animal by suggestion.”

Only Sharik took root in the apartment - suddenly, after a phone call, running around begins, the professor demands dinner earlier. Sharik, having been deprived of food, is locked in the bathroom, after which he is dragged to the examination room and given anesthesia. Chapter Four

Preobrazhensky and Bormental are operating on Sharik. He is implanted with testicles and pituitary gland taken from a fresh human corpse. This should, according to the plan of physicians, open up new horizons in their study of the mechanism of rejuvenation.

The professor, not without sadness, suggests that the dog will definitely not survive after such an operation, like those animals that were before him. Chapter Five

The diary of Dr. Bormenthal is a history of Sharik's illness, which describes the changes taking place with the operated and still surviving dog. His hair falls out, the shape of the skull changes, barking becomes like a human voice, bones grow rapidly.

He utters strange words - it turns out that the street dog learned to read from the signs, but some he read from the end. The young doctor makes an enthusiastic conclusion - a change in the pituitary gland does not give rejuvenation, but complete humanization - and emotionally calls his teacher a genius.

However, the professor himself frowningly sits over the history of the disease of a man whose pituitary gland was transplanted to Sharik. Chapter six

Doctors are trying to educate their creation, to instill the necessary skills, to educate. Sharik's taste in clothes, his speech and habits unnerve the intelligent Preobrazhensky. Posters hang around the apartment, prohibiting swearing, spitting, throwing cigarette butts, chewing seeds.

Sharik himself has a passive-aggressive attitude to education: “They grabbed an animal, slashed its head with a knife, and now they shun it.” After talking with the house committee, the former dog confidently uses clerical terms and demands to issue him an identity card.

He chooses the name "Polygraph Poligrafovich" for himself, but he takes the "hereditary" surname - Sharikov.

The professor expresses a desire to buy any room in the house and move Polygraph Poligrafovich there, but Shvonder gloatingly refuses him, recalling their ideological conflict. Soon, a communal disaster occurs in the professor's apartment: Sharikov chased the cat and caused a flood in the bathroom.

Chapter Seven

Sharikov drinks vodka at dinner, like an experienced alcoholic. Looking at this, the professor sighs incomprehensibly: "There's nothing to be done - Klim." In the evening, Sharikov wants to go to the circus, but when Preobrazhensky offers him a more cultural entertainment - the theater, he refuses, because this is "one counter-revolution."

The professor is about to give Sharikov something to read, even Robinson, but he is already reading the correspondence between Engels and Kautsky given to him by Shvonder. True, he manages to understand a little - except that "to take everything, and even share it."

Hearing this, the professor invites him to “share” the lost profit from the fact that on the day of the flood the reception of patients failed - to pay 130 rubles “for a tap and for a cat”, and orders Zina to burn the book.

Having escorted Sharikov, accompanied by Bormental, to the circus, Preobrazhensky looks for a long time at the canned pituitary gland of the dog Sharik and says: “Honest to God, I seem to make up my mind.”

Chapter Eight

A new scandal - Sharikov, waving documents, claims to live in the professor's apartment. He promises to shoot Shvonder and in return for eviction threatens Polygraph with deprivation of food.

Sharikov calms down, but not for long - he stole two gold pieces in the professor's office, and he tried to blame the theft on Zina, got drunk and brought drinking companions to the house, after the expulsion of which Preobrazhensky lost his malachite ashtray, beaver hat and favorite cane.

Bormental confesses his love and respect to Preobrazhensky over cognac and offers to personally feed Sharikov with arsenic. The professor objects - he, a world-famous scientist, will be able to avoid responsibility for the murder, but the young doctor is unlikely.

He sadly admits his scientific mistake: “For five years I have been sitting, picking out appendages from the brains ... And now, one asks - why? To one day turn the sweetest dog into such scum that your hair stands on end.

[…] Two criminal records, alcoholism, “to share everything”, a hat and two gold pieces are gone, a boor and a pig… In a word, the pituitary gland is a closed chamber that defines a given human face.

Given!" Meanwhile, the pituitary gland for Sharikov was taken from a certain Klim Chugunkin, a recidivist criminal, an alcoholic and a brawler who played the balalaika in taverns and was stabbed to death in a drunken brawl. Doctors gloomily imagine what a nightmare with such "heredity" can result from Sharikov under the influence of Shvonder.

At night, Daria Petrovna expels the drunken Polygraph from the kitchen, Bormental promises to make a scandal for him in the morning, but Sharikov disappears, and when he returns, he says that he got a job - head of the subdepartment for cleaning Moscow from stray animals.

A young typist appears in the apartment, whom Sharikov introduces as his bride. She opens her eyes to the lies of the Polygraph - he is not the commander of the Red Army at all and was not wounded at all in battles with the whites, as he claimed in a conversation with the girl. The exposed Sharikov threatens the typist with layoffs, Bormental takes the girl under protection and promises to shoot Sharikov. Chapter Nine

The professor comes to his former patient - an influential man in military uniform. From his story, Preobrazhensky learns that Sharikov wrote a denunciation of him and Bormental - allegedly they made death threats against Polygraph and Shvonder, made counter-revolutionary speeches, illegally stored weapons, etc.

After that, Sharikov is categorically offered to get out of the apartment, but at first he becomes stubborn, then becomes impudent, and in the end he even pulls out a gun.

The doctors twist him, disarm him and put him to sleep with chloroform, after which a ban on anyone to enter or leave the apartment sounds and some activity begins in the observation room.

Chapter Ten (epilogue)

The police come to the professor's apartment on a tip from Shvonder. They have a search warrant and, based on the results, an arrest on charges of Sharikov's murder.

However, Preobrazhensky is calm - he says that his laboratory creature suddenly and inexplicably degraded from a man back into a dog, and shows the police and the investigator a strange creature, in which the features of Polygraph Poligrafovich are still recognizable.

The dog Sharik, who had his canine pituitary gland returned by a second operation, remains to live and bliss in the professor's apartment, never understanding why he was "slashed all over his head."

In the story "Heart of a Dog", Bulgakov, in addition to the philosophical motive of punishment for interfering in the affairs of nature, outlined the themes characteristic of him, stigmatizing ignorance, cruelty, abuse of power and stupidity.

The carriers of these shortcomings are the new "masters of life" who want to change the world, but do not possess the wisdom and humanism necessary for this. The main idea of ​​the work is “the devastation is not in the closets, but in the heads.”

Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov is the central figure in M. A. Bulgakov’s story “Heart of a Dog”, the result of a bold experiment by Professor Preobrazhensky, who transplanted the pituitary gland of the yard dog Sharik, who was killed with a knife in a pub by an alcoholic Klim Chugunkin. This operation had truly catastrophic consequences, turning an intelligent and, in its own way, tactful dog into a vile boor, living next to which turned out to be completely impossible.

M. A. Bulgakov embodied in the image of Sharikov all the most disgusting features of the so-called "new" person, who was extolled by the Soviet authorities. Even the choice of an intricate name - Polygraph Poligrafovich, combined with a "hereditary" surname, which was a characteristic feature of that time, evoked a sarcastic smile from the author. Sharikov inherited from Klim Chugunkin all the worst that was in this man, starting with appearance and ending with character, habits and worldview.

The appearance of the "new man" was also repulsive. Short, with a very low forehead, barely noticeable between bushy eyebrows and a brush of coarse hair on his head, dressed tastelessly and slovenly, but with a pretension, Polygraph Poligrafovich, nevertheless, was very pleased with himself. What he was dissatisfied with was his creator, Professor Preobrazhensky, who tried to teach him to behave decently in society, constantly pulled him up, told Sharikov that he was a fool and limited him with various prohibitions.

However, Polygraph Poligrafovich very quickly found an ally in the fight against the "tyranny" of the professor. It turned out to be Shvonder, the manager of the housing association, who had long dreamed of "pressing" Professor Preobrazhensky and taking away his "excess" living space. For this, Sharikov came in handy. Shvonder began to educate him in the spirit of the demagogy of Soviet propaganda, and this "education" quickly bore fruit. Considering conscience, morality, shame, compassion as “remnants”, the new masters of life instead demonstrate anger, hatred, meanness, the desire to take away and share everything that was not created by them.

Every day Sharikov's behavior became more and more ugly. He drinks, is rude, commits excesses, steals, molests women, depriving all the inhabitants of the apartment of peace and peace of mind.

The pinnacle of Sharikov's "human" career is his appointment as head of the subdepartment for cleaning up the capital from homeless animals. This is the case when work brings real pleasure.: “We have already strangled these cats, strangled them!”

The last straw that broke Professor Preobrazhensky's patience was Sharikov's statement that he wanted to sign with the typist and live with her in the professor's apartment. To get rid of Preobrazhensky, he writes a denunciation of the professor, after which he turns him back into a dog.

Unfortunately, in real life, getting rid of "ball" is not so easy. How many of them are among us - spitting on the floor, swearing, not burdened by upbringing and moral standards, considering their behavior the only possible and correct one. If only they could all transplant the pituitary glands of smart, well-bred dogs!

Composition about Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov

The story of Mikhail Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog" is the story of an experiment to turn a dog into a human.

A successful professor, Filipp Filippovich Preobrazhensky, with his assistant Dr. Bormental, in a luxurious Soviet apartment, perform a complex operation to transplant part of the human brain into a dog.

Thus begins the story of a new man.

The key figure in Bulgakov's story is Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov.

At first he is a miserable, hungry and tortured street dog. He is just looking for somewhere to get food, but a quiet place to lick his wounds. Like any living creature, he wants warmth and affection. And here is a happy accident! The "Magician and Magician from a Dog's Tale" appears - this is exactly what the professor looks like in the eyes of a mongrel. He picks up a good-natured dog, but not in order to give him a home and care. The ball is destined to become the object of the professor's experiment.

Having performed a pituitary transplant operation, Preobrazhensky and Bormental observe changes in the physiology of the dog, the gradual transformation of the dog into a human being.

Throughout the story, Sharikov is becoming a citizen. Gradually, he turns from an ordinary stray dog ​​into a person. And now he is no longer an ordinary mongrel Sharik, but a new citizen Sharikov.

This is a new person, albeit a “laboratory creature”. And like any other, he wants to have his own name, rights and freedoms. Wants to be a citizen in the Soviet state. A respectable citizen does not come out of him, but he is trying to develop: he demands documents and even gets a job catching stray animals.

In Sharikov, the character traits of Chugunkin, whose pituitary gland was transplanted to the dog, appear. Chugunkin is a very, immoral type - a thief and a recidivist. These features make Bulgakov's character not the most pleasant person. Sharikov is outrageous, swearing, pestering women, drinking. The professor does not lose hope of re-educating his ward, but the behavior of the Polygraph is only getting worse. Preobrazhensky realizes that the experiment was a failure when Sharikov writes a denunciation against him and threatens to kill him.

Philipp Philippovich had no idea that the experiment would turn out this way. Sharikov becomes a problem for the professor. Preobrazhensky performs another operation and reverses the transformation of Polygraph Sharikov into a good-natured dog.

Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov is a rather ambiguous figure. He is no longer a kind street dog, but not Klim Chugunkin either. He is an incredible symbiosis of a dog and a man, a failed experiment.

After all, an ordinary stray dog ​​did not want to become a man. “Maybe I didn’t give my permission for the operation,” says Sharikov.

Did Professor Preobrazhensky have the right to control the fate of living beings? An experiment for the benefit of science that crossed the boundaries of moral principles. That is why the story "Heart of a Dog" remains relevant today.

Ball in Bulgakov's story Heart of a Dog

Bulgakov M. A's story "Heart of a Dog" is not just about the professor's experiment. Bulgakov draws attention to the first type of person who appeared in the laboratory of scientists. The whole essence of the story is based on the relationship of one scientist and Sharik, a man and a dog that did not appear naturally. First, the story is about a speech inside a hungry yard dog. He draws conclusions about life on the street, its way of life, the nature of Moscow customs, its restaurants and shops. He values ​​kindness and affection, he is a very sympathetic dog.

At what moment in the life of Sharik there is a complete revolution, he lives with the professor, where there are a huge number of rooms. But the professor needs the dog for his experiment. Preobrazhensky transplants the dog with the brain of a man who in the past was Chugunkin, played the balalaika, led a wild life, for which he was killed. As a result of the experiment, the professor succeeded, Sharik became a man, but he took the genes of his ancestor, he was arrogant, boorish, not well-mannered, inadequate, not knowing anything at all, and not understanding about human relations.

Differences began between the professor and Sharikov. The whole essence of the problem lies in the fact that a barely obtained person finds support in society in order to resist his creator. And they inspire Sharikov that the Professor is his worst enemy number one. It got to the point that Sharikov brought him a paper on the fact that he has a share in his apartment.

He personally realizes the main worldview of the new masters of life: do what you want, steal, smash everything that others have done, but the main thing is to be like others. And yet, the ungrateful former dog brought the professor paper, where he was supposed to, some share in his apartment. Such qualities as moral principles, shame, or conscience are alien to Sharikov.

The further, the worse he behaved, drank, had fun, brought to the professor's house, whomever he got, rioted there as he liked. But the point was that he found himself a job as the head of cleaning the city from homeless animals. But this is not surprising, he always tried to substitute his own. At one point, he brought a girl to the apartment, and said that he wanted to marry her. The professor told Sharikov's past, the girl, weeping, naturally did not know anything, he deceived her by inventing various legends about himself. In the story, Preobrazhensky managed to return everything to normal, he turned the dog Sharik from the man Sharikov. And life went on as usual. The conflict of generations consists in misunderstanding and disputes that arise between older and younger age categories. The cause of disputes and disagreements are different life priorities and principles.