No one will be able to humiliate the role of heroes. A set of control and measuring materials for conducting a differentiated test in the Russian language educational and methodological material in the Russian language (grade 10) on the topic. © Igor Satorin
And most importantly, I can not stand
pastorals and Schillerism.
Noble pride.
F. M. Dostoevsky
Lunacharsky wrote about the works of F. M. Dostoevsky: “All his stories and novels are a fiery river of his own experiences. This is a passionate desire to confess one's inner truth ... "
Dostoevsky's works are built on a comparison of heroes and anti-heroes, and the author succeeds in negative characters better than positive ones, looking stilted, somewhat far-fetched and unrealistic.
The action of the novel "The Humiliated and Insulted" takes place in the 40s, but its bright anti-capitalist orientation indicates that Dostoevsky subtly felt and realistically reproduced the political atmosphere of the 60s when the novel was written.
Depicting the fate of Natasha Ikhmeneva and Nelli, Dostoevsky gives two answers to the question about the behavior of a suffering person: passive humility or an irreconcilable curse on the whole unjust world. Between the two lines of the novel - passive and active protests - there are very significant links: Prince Valkovsky and his antipode, the writer Ivan Petrovich, on behalf of whom the story is being told.
Valkovsky embodies all the evil of the capitalist world. This is a high society libertine, a scoundrel, a seducer and an egoist. He recognizes one rule: "Love yourself!" Life for him is a commercial transaction, and people are only a means to achieve selfish goals. The prince first marries the daughter of the farmer, appropriates her fortune, and kills his wife from the world. Soon he remarries the daughter of the breeder Smith, Nelly's future mother, deceives, "rips off" this woman as well, and then drives her out into the street. The prince gives his son Alyosha to be raised in the Ikhmenev family in order to completely free himself from any duties. Having learned about Katya's millions, the prince reads her as Alyosha's wife. Money for Valkovsky is the measure of all things, the symbol of power; in the name of money, he is ready to go to any crimes. “I love meaning, rank, hotel, women, debauchery, and not ideals in life,” the prince cynically declares. He scoffs at Schiller's romance of youth, at the highest ideals of poets - at everything that is not subject to monetary interest. The prince assures that “at the basis of all human virtues lies the deepest
our egoism." Dostoevsky needed such a concentration of vices in one person in order to clearly depict the truly satanic power of capital in those years, in order to arouse the reader's hatred for it.
If Prince Valkovsky is depicted as the pole of evil, then the narrator Ivan Petrovich is shown as the pole of good, according to the author's intention, a man of the highest degree humane and generous. In this hero, Dostoevsky captured some features of his own biography: Ivan Petrovich is a writer, his first novel is reminiscent of Poor People in content, and the critic B.'s review of him is Belinsky's review of the work of Fyodor Mikhailovich. But Ivan Petrovich is not only a narrator, he is also the protagonist of the novel. He is passionately in love with Natasha Ikhmeneva. With the help of Ivan Petrovich, all the threads of a very branched plot of the work are connected.
As a narrator, Ivan Petrovich “appears to us as something of a confidante of ancient tragedies,” writes Dobrolyubov. “Natasha’s father comes to him to inform about his intentions, her mother sends for him to ask about Natasha, Natasha calls him to her to pour out his heart is in front of him, Alyosha turns to him - to express his love, windiness and repentance, Katya, Alyosha's bride, meets him to talk with him about Alyosha's love for Natasha, he comes across Nelly to express his character, finally, the prince himself ... gets drunk there in order to express to Ivan Petrovich all the vileness of his character. And Ivan Petrovich listens to everything and writes everything down. This role of the hero is fully justified by the writing profession and humane nature, reminiscent of Dostoevsky himself.
Ivan Petrovich's clash with Prince Valkovsky gives a well-known idea of the ideological conflict of the middle of the 19th century between good and evil, altruism and selfishness, predation and unselfishness. Having no real opportunity to actively fight against evil, Ivan Petrovich diligently seeks moral help for all the humiliated and offended, he is tormented by their sorrows and sympathizes with their suffering.
He has a slightly different role as the hero of the novel, who fell in love with Natasha. Creating the image of Ivan Petrovich, Dostoevsky developed his theory of sacrificial love, love-altruism. The hero infinitely loves Natasha, his self-forgetfulness reaches such an extent that he is ready to give her to Alyosha for the sake of the happiness of his beloved. Dostoevsky creates a character that later in the novel The Idiot will be embodied in Prince Myshkin, where this theory of love-altruism will receive a broad justification. How to evaluate this image? What prevails in it: strength or weakness? Dobrolyubov believed that "weakness". He wrote that “if these romantic self-sacrificers definitely loved, then what kind of rag hearts must they have, what chicken feelings! And these people were shown to us as an ideal of something! In a sharply negative assessment of the hero, Dobrolyubov felt the spirit of the era of the 60s, when the democrats criticized the weak-willed noble intellectuals. The writer himself sees in the behavior of his hero a sign of strength of mind, the ability of a person to rise above his own egoism and perform a noble deed - to arrange the happiness of his neighbor. Therefore, Dostoevsky sincerely saw something ideal in the actions of Ivan Petrovich and "infected" the reader with this mood.
"Humiliated and Insulted" is a specific kind of novel genre. It combines the features of a psychological novel with elements of an adventurous detective story. Events are ideally concentrated and take place in the shortest possible time, which allows the author to clearly highlight the heroes and anti-heroes.
This work had a huge impact on all subsequent Russian literature and society, as it aroused hatred for those who humiliate and offend human dignity, called for humanity, for the education of true nobility.
Differentiated credit in the Russian language
Option 1
1. (1 point) What section of linguistics is studieda system of generally accepted writing rules for a language?
1) morphology 2) spelling 3) phonetics 4) word formation
2. (1 point) Which word has more letters than sounds?
1) brother 2) plow 3) cabin 4) strength
3. (1 point) In which variant are all adjectives used in their direct meaning?
1) golden hands, iron character, hare soul, fox hole;
2) remote village, heated debate, iron logic, direct person;
3) back street, hot fight, iron will, direct question;
4) deaf old man, hot day, railroad, straight line
4. (1 point) Find a phraseological unit that is NOT a synonym for the phrase LIE ON SIDE.
1) beat the buckets 2) without hind legs 3) fool around 4) sit back
1) kilometer 2) pantry 3) selected 4) without instruction
6. (1 point)
1) This is what a SUCCESSFUL phrase said at the right time in the right place means.
2) All night long VOICE nightingales sing in our forests.
3) The moon had not risen yet, and only two stars, like two SAVING beacons, sparkled on the dark blue vault.
4) On the street, a whole day is drizzling cold autumn rain.
7. (1 point) In which sentence, instead of the word REPRESENT, should you use
PROVIDE?
1) IMAGINE an ice castle.
2) The new employee was INTRODUCED to colleagues.
3) Please PRESENT me a vacation.
4) The hero was PRESENTED for a reward.
1) more than five hundred people 2) engineers 3) the most difficult 4) on the name day
Zag ... army, freeze ... ret, reject ... sl, z ... rnitsa
Candle ... th, kryzh ... penetrated, tech ... t, sh ... sweat
1) under ... sing, sing ... sya, head ... e
2) hot ..., appoint ... those, trifle ...
3) draw ... Xia, December ... sky, born ...
4) in ... south, kalach ..., oven ... noy
Be...boundary, be...extreme, ...here, oh...float, ch...extraordinary, and...scratched
13. (1 point) Write down the phrases, insert the missing letters in the words:
Pr ... a curious case, quickly pr ... screw, pr ... glue an announcement, pr ... block the way, pr .. the coastal strip
1) b ... shmak, h ... lovek, k ... slave
2) unscrupulous ... one hundred, deaf ... drinking, creating ... wat
3) in ... ron, in ... timid, from ... rock
4) hand ... lead, k ... empty, sign ... bit
1) involved ... in a crime, firefighters fight ... with fire
2) they hear ..t, fire-breathing ... volcano
3) creeping ivy, the doctor is treating ... t
4) dotted ... with foliage, dormant ... horses
The beds were (1) covered with dilapidated, washed many times with (2) bedspreads, starched (3) corners of embroidered napkins hung from the hill of pillows.
In the desert, everything is not (1) familiar and not (2) clear. Rivers that don't (3) flow anywhere. Torrential rain that dries up before (4) reaching the ground.
18. (1 point) Which of the following words means "full of arrogance."
1) greedy 2) familiar 3) contemptuous 4) arrogant
A. Overgrown with moss, littered with trees, the water in it seemed to be black, like tar.
B. We walked through the dark forest, dry peas now and then interspersed with marshy swamps.
V. Somewhere not far from here, she dived underground and flowed for two kilometers under the ground, and then again appeared above.
G. Here is the Black River.
19. (1 point) In what order should the sentences follow to make a text?
1) B, A, C, D 2) D, B, C, A 3) B, D, A, C 4) D, B, A, C
20. (1 point) What means of expression is used in sentence A?
Option 2
1. (1 point) What does vocabulary study?
1) parts of speech and their forms
2) rules for writing words
3) the sound side of the word
4) words and their meanings
2. (1 point) Determine in which word the number of letters and the number of sounds are the same.
1) hedgehog 2) drove up 3) stone 4) holiday
1) gold medallion 2) blooming garden 3) comet tail 4) glass vase
4. (1 point) Find the antonym of the phraseologism "slipshod":
1) beat the buckets 2) in all honesty 3) idly 4) tirelessly
5. (1 point) In which word is the letter denoting a stressed vowel correctly highlighted?
1) utterly 2) prettier 3) call 4) dishes
6. (1 point) In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Indicate the number of the sentence, correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
1) The best pulp and newsprint, charcoal, acetic acid are produced from coniferous wood.
2) This amazing, MAJESTIC, unique temple is an adornment of our city and all of Russia.
3) Professional RESCUE services arose where a person was in particular danger - on the water and in the mountains.
4) I have warm MEMORIES about trips to the zoo with my grandmother and
parents.
7. (1 point) In which sentence should FRIENDLY be used instead of FRIENDLY?
1) FRIENDLY ties between peoples are of great importance for maintaining stability in the world.
2) Their FRIENDLY conversation was extremely important to him.
3) His FRIENDLY messages were always lovely.
4) My wife thanks you for your FRIENDLY greetings.
8. (1 point) Indicate an example with an error in the formation of the word form, write down the correct option.
1) their mistakes 2) prettier 3) hardest 4) wool sweaters
9. (1 point) Write down, insert the missing letters in the words:
sg ... ret, peel ... host, reject ... drain, s ... rya
10. (1 point) Write down, insert the missing letters in the words:
Belch ... nok, sh ... lx, tush ... nka, dance ... m
11. (1 point) Check the answer option that says NOT in all words letter b.
1) printer .., mouse .., knife ...
2) you know .., mail ... that, injection ... injection.
3) this ... I, object ... ect, backhand ..
4) good .., powerful .., fresh ...
12. (1 point) Write down, insert the missing letters in the words:
be...cherished, be...whole, and...know, in...move,...health, p...share
pr…funny child, pr…sew a button, pr…glue an ad, pr…step the law, pr…farm
14. (1 point) In which row of words are only checked unstressed vowels of the root missing? Write down the words of the series and select test words for them.
1) special..alist, r..commendation, elect..rational
2) kr..teriy, use..beat, g..state
3) t .. territory, op .. fight, representation .. appearance
4) motivate..virovat, b..zirovatsya, pronunciation..shenie
1) the wind tickling ... face, sounds are heard ...
2) walls are collapsing ... moving ... artillery
3) lightning shining ... t, swaying ... branches
4) children floor ... t beds, adhesive ...
Far in the rear one could see a forest, shrouded (1) in a cloudy pre-rain haze, and above it cranes (2) wedges, rosy (3) clouds, floated low.
17. (1 point) Indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) is NOT written separately?
The brave is not (1) afraid of not (2) luck. A steadfast fighter for the enemy is not (3) happiness. The loser, but not (4) surrendering in battle, is worthy of respect.
18. (1 point) Which of the following words means "gradual deterioration, decline in any qualities, decline"?
1) revolution 2) degradation 3) depression 4) evolution
Read the sentences and complete tasks 19-20
A. It is clear that owls, willy-nilly, had to develop excellent hearing.
B. Almost all owls are known to be nocturnal hunters.
IN. Of the birds, perhaps the best to recognize where the sound comes from, owls.
G. On moonlit, bright nights and at dusk, you can catch prey using your eyesight, but what to do when the sky is full of clouds and clouds?
19. (1 point) In what order should the sentences follow to make a text?
1) A, C, D, B 2) C, A, D, B 3) B, D, C, A 4) C, B, D, A
20. (1 point) What means of expression is used in sentence B?
21. (3 points). Write, insert missing letters, punctuate
(Zh..lto) brown stubble stubble heads..delivered bare and cold..bottom in the bag..rkah only hell..poloh by force sat down on the borders with (black..rno) f..light scares.. vkami rusty wild mountain ash ...
Already (not) there were str..lying swifts in the pr..store, only black jackdaws rustled in the cold..working..m the sky was circling over the huts. In the gray r..dah, they were magnificently disassembled..the r..beans were like a red cafta..th guards. Flocks of geese loudly trumpeted p. Black scarecrows stuck their hands in (behind) the cold..give empty fires..births. Where is everyone? (Not) comfort and cold .. see the house .. everything was trilled .. here and (did not) want to go.
Option 3
1. (1 point) What is a morpheme?
1) sound
2) word
3) the smallest significant part of the word
4) letter
2. (1 point) Determine in which word all consonants are voiced.
1) vision 2) lisp 3) live 4) holiday
3. (1 point) Find a phrase that has a figurative meaning:
1) steel nail 2) steel character 3) golden necklace 4) red cat
4. (1 point) Find the antonym of the phraseologism "headlong":
1) at a snail's pace 2) in all honesty 3) at full speed 4) through the sleeves
5. (1 point) In which word CORRECT is the stressed vowel marked?
1) alphabet 2) pamper 3) hyphen 4) statue
6. (1 point) In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Indicate the number of the sentence, correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
1) The mood of the performers immediately found a RESPONSE in the auditorium.
2) An unfinished SAND castle stood at her feet, and the sea sparkled behind her.
3) In front of the entrance to the MAJESTIC cathedral, a whole grove of African palm trees grew.
4) The test will help determine the EFFICIENCY of existing protection against
information attacks.
7. (1 point) In which sentence, instead of the word SWINGING, should you use SWINGING?
1) The bitter almond smell of SWAMP flowers wafted from the plain.
2) Fleeing from persecution, for half a day they crawled on their stomachs along the swamp lowland.
3) He lit a sconce over the table with a SWAMP-colored silk cap and began to write in a thick notebook.
4) Black swamp mud flew out from under the wheels.
8. (1 point) Indicate an example with an error in the formation of the word form, write down the correct option.
1) golden earrings 2) more than three hundred 3) recover quickly 4) lay bricks
9. (1 point) Write down, insert the missing letters in the words:
Izl ... gat, shut ... ret, r ... stovsky, sg ... ret
10. (1 point) Write down, insert the missing letters in the words:
Shredded ... ny, posh ... l, pie ... k, reeds ... m
11. (1 point) Check the answer option in which all words are written letter b.
1) one ... dark, without ... nuclear, head ... e
2) to ... traveling, from ... yaty, inter ... storey
3) with ... dark, lens ... lens, two ... tiered
4) unbearable, brothy, injectable
12. (1 point) Write down, insert the missing letters in the words:
over ... interesting, without ... systemic, without ... similar, ... burn, pr ... illuminate, ra ... announce
13. (1 point) Write down, insert the missing letters in the words:
pr .. it hurts to hit, pr ... road ditch, passing…walking teacher, pr ... cling to the sleeve, pr ... make a dream come true, pr ... squint your eyes
14. (1 point) In which row of words are only checked unstressed vowels of the root missing? Write down the words of the series and select test words for them.
1) defuse the situation, r... spit on fate, increase ... beauty
2) lab ... rint, located ... nearby, lay out ... live a plan
3) charge ... take a hole, dr ... reap from the cold, g ... horizon
4) sit ... by the fire, try on ... sneakers, to ... habits
15. (1 point). In which row in all words is the same letter written:
1) twirling a rope, shepherds chasing ..t cows
2) rider.. riding, the guys are half..t weeds
3) men kos..t, la..dogs
4) fighting..for the truth, girls nose..t braids
16. (1 point) Indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) is written HH?
The embankment was renovated (1) and decorated (2) with colored flags. Scurried along the shore
cargo (3) numerous (4) tourists pleasure boats.
17. (1 point) Indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) is NOT written SEPARATELY?
Not (1) falling asleep for a minute, he looked with not (2) fading interest at places not (3) familiar to him.
18. (1 point) Which of the following words is meaningful"a sense of moral responsibility for one's behavior before a certain person, society"?
1) conscience 2) duty 3) shame 4) nobility
Read the sentences and complete tasks 19-20
A. Look close - a rock and a rock, it just leaned heavily towards the water, it is about to fall off. B. And this stone giant seems to be approaching you across the river.
IN. Shaman rock stands on the right bank, directly opposite the village on the left bank.
G . From the left bank, from the village, you see a stone man: there is a nose, cheekbones, a sharp beard, cracks look like eye sockets.
19. What order should the sentences be in to form a text?
1) A, C, B, D 2) C, A, D, B 3) A, D, C, B 4) C, A, B, D
20. (1point) What means of expression is used in sentence G?
21. (3 points). Write, insert missing letters, punctuate
(Zh..lto) brown stubble stubble heads..delivered bare and cold..bottom in the bag..rkah only hell..poloh by force sat down on the borders with (black..rno) f..light scares.. vkami rusty wild mountain ash ...
Already (not) there were str..lying swifts in the pr..store, only black jackdaws rustled in the cold..working..m the sky was circling over the huts. In the gray r..dah, they were magnificently disassembled..the r..beans were like a red cafta..th guards. Flocks of geese loudly trumpeted p. Black scarecrows stuck their hands in (behind) the cold..give empty fires..births. Where is everyone? (Not) comfort and cold .. see the house .. everything was trilled .. here and (did not) want to go.
Option 4
1. (1 point) Single-root words that are similar in sound but differ in meaning are
1) synonyms 2) paronyms 3) antonyms 4) homonyms
2. (1 point) Which word has more sounds than letters?
1) book 2) writing 3) amber 4) filming
3. (1 point) In which variant is the adjective used in its direct meaning?
1) black dress 2) black soul 3) black Tuesday 4) black thoughts
4. (1 point) Find a phraseological unit that is NOT a synonym for the phrase ROLL UP YOUR SLEEVES.
1) not for fear, but for conscience 2) in the sweat of your face 3) sparing no effort 4) not slurping salty
5. (1 point) In which word is the letter denoting a stressed vowel correctly highlighted?
1) cakes 2) shoes 3) funds 4) hosts
6. (1 point) In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Indicate the number of the sentence, correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
1) After a YEAR'S absence, I. A. Krylov made another attempt to return to the capital.
2) CASH CASH consists of cash on hand, checks and cash
transfers from clients.
3) No one will be able to HUMILATE the role of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War in the victory over
fascism.
4) Weeping willow is not often found in modern landscape design.
7. (1 point) In which sentence should the word RAIN be used instead of
RAINY?
1) A single RAIN drop shone on the dark foliage.
2) The day promised to be RAINY and windy.
3) Shifting age-old stones, RAIN streams fell down.
4) Pure RAIN air poured out of the garden, the intoxicating smell of flowering linden.
8. (1 point) Indicate an example with an error in the formation of the word form, write down the correct option.
1) a pair of stockings 2) seven hundred rubles 3) recover quickly 4) sweeter than honey
9. (1 point) Write down, insert the missing letters in the words:
Ignite ... next, next, r ... drain, prom ... chil feet
10. (1 point) Write down, insert the missing letters in the words:
Pch ... ly, sh ... se, strong burn .. g, night ... vka
11. (1 point) Mark the answer option in which the letter b is missing in all words.
1) rebellion ... say goodbye ... rich man ...
2) cut ... bread, say goodbye ... sya, a lot of puddles ...
3) say hello ... sya, great land ..., jump ...
4) night ... noah, false ..., appoint ... those place
12. (1 point) Write down, insert the missing letters in the words:
Be...aquatic, be...endless, ...given, z...move, ra...fiery, super...interesting
13. (1 point) Write down the phrases, insert the missing letters in the words:
Ancient pr..., pr...the being of the train, pr ... funny case, pr ... open door, pr ... sew a button, pr ... city station
14. (1 point) In which row of words are only checked unstressed vowels of the root missing? Write down the words of the series and select test words for them.
1) get up ... on the sk ... kun, swab ... throw a brush into the paint, sunbathe ... on the seashore
2) in ... n ... warming, hugging ... sunbathing on the shore
3) t ... b ... ret, tr ... nsp ... welt, see ... shadow
4) dr... reap from the cold, h... ambitious dreams, sweethearted act
15. (1 point) In which row in all words is the same letter written:
1) hold tight .. tsya, crying .. baby
2) chirping birds, chirping beetles ..t
3) children whispering..t, creeping smoke
4) peals of a roaring ..t, well healing ..
16. (1 point) Indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) is written N?
Before us was a wide field, rolled (1) once by dashing triples, and now
utterly level (2) with rain and overgrown with some (3) tall (4) grass
17. (1 point) Indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) is NOT written together?
It was a little man, quiet, not (1) flaming with talents. Without (2) looking at the book, the student recited the poem.The ravine in the forest was not (3) deep, but steep.
18. (1 point) Which of the following words is meaningful"sluggish, in a state of deep indifference"
1) skeptical 2) cold-blooded 3) ascetic 4) apathetic
Read the sentences and complete tasks 19-20
A. It describes a journey in the vicinity of the house where the writer lived.
B. Only children and good writers can see and feel like that.
V. He went with the girl for an ordinary walk and saw the seemingly familiar world through the eyes of a traveler who got into unknown countries.
D. Arkady Gaidar has a story "The Blue Cup".
19. (1 point). In what order should the sentences be arranged to form a text?
1) A, D, B, C 2) D, A, C, B 3) D, C, A, B 4) D, B, C, A
20. (1 point) What means of expression is used in sentence B?
21. (3 points). Write, insert missing letters, punctuate
(Zh..lto) brown stubble stubble heads..delivered bare and cold..bottom in the bag..rkah only hell..poloh by force sat down on the borders with (black..rno) f..light scares.. vkami rusty wild mountain ash ...
Already (not) there were str..lying swifts in the pr..store, only black jackdaws rustled in the cold..working..m the sky was circling over the huts. In the gray r..dah, they were magnificently disassembled..the r..beans were like a red cafta..th guards. Flocks of geese loudly trumpeted p. Black scarecrows stuck their hands in (behind) the cold..give empty fires..births. Where is everyone? (Not) comfort and cold .. see the house .. everything was trilled .. here and (did not) want to go.
The characters in this story fall into two groups. (1). The old man Ikhmenev is Natasha, Ikhmenev's daughter is Alyosha (son of Valkovsky), with whom Natasha is in love - Katya, with whom Alyosha (the adopted daughter of the princess) falls in love. (2). Old man Jerome Smith - his daughter (Nellie's mother) - Valkovsky (Nellie's father), who was loved by Smith's daughter - Nelly, Smith's granddaughter - the princess, a close friend of Valkovsky.
Despite the prohibition of her father, Ikhmenev, Natasha runs away to Alyosha, but he falls in love with Katya. Alyosha is the fruit of a marriage between Valkovsky, then poor and young, and the daughter of a wealthy merchant. Smith's daughter once, against the will of her parents, went to Valkovsky, from whom she gave birth to a daughter, Nelly, but Valkovsky left them, linking his fate with the princess. Nellie's unfortunate mother died.
The story about the characters of the first group (the old man Ikhmenev, his daughter Natasha, her lover Alyosha) is conducted in the present tense. The storyline of the second group of heroes, where the action is built around Valkovsky, belongs to the past and has the same unfortunate resolution.
The story of two generations of fathers, daughters and their lovers, their feelings, rivalry and betrayal is presented in the form of notes, the authorship of which belongs to Ivan Petrovich. Ivan is Natasha's former lover whom she left for Alyosha, currently acting as her friend and advisor. Since Ivan accidentally manages to save Nelli, who looks like a young girl, he learns from her the history of the relationship between her father and mother, that is, the characters of the second group.
At the end of the novel, Alyosha goes to Katya, Nelli (she also calls herself Elena) dies from the severity of the experience. Before her death, Nelly manages to reconcile Ikhmenev and his daughter Natasha. However, the former relationship between Natasha and Ivan is not restored. Ivan continues to faithfully take care of his former mistress until the very end.
The novel ends at the point when Ivan, who described all these vicissitudes, is chained to a bed by an illness, expects an imminent death.
Dostoevsky builds a plot structure that is easily understandable to a simple reader: Ikhmenev, who, because of his father's love, curses his daughter, who left him for the sake of her lover; Valkovsky, who seduces a pure girl and leaves her with her child for a career; impressionable and unhappy girl Nelly. The fact that seducers Valkovsky and his son Alyosha have stepdaughters as their partners exacerbates the artificiality of the plot. Apparently, Dostoevsky wanted to portray the relationship between the characters in the most accessible way.
The adherent of "pure literature", demanding the accuracy of the structure and hating the vulgar melodrama, probably had the right to evaluate "The Humiliated and Insulted" as a work of "low" sort. Nevertheless, a simple reader appreciated the skill of the writer. The novel gained wide popularity, Dostoevsky gained new readers. Of course, "The Humiliated and Insulted" is a novel designed for the recognition of the general reader, but a careful look will discern in its characters the "real" Dostoevsky with his inherent problems.
Ivan Petrovich: characterization of the hero
The narration of the novel is in the first person, these are Ivan Petrovich's "notes". He is a writer, the hero of his debut work is a petty and impoverished official (just like it was in Poor People, Dostoevsky's debut work). In Ivan Petrovich's story, the critic B. also appears (it is clear that this is an allusion to Belinsky), who, after reading Ivan's manuscript, rejoices "like a child." That is, here we observe the same circumstances as in the life of Dostoevsky himself. It turns out that Dostoevsky recalls his youth, which serves as material for creating the image of Ivan Petrovich.
The character of Ivan Petrovich is not distinguished by confusion. He appears as a young man who sympathizes with the unfortunate and, not thinking about his failing health, extends a helping hand to them.
Natasha leaves her parents, breaks off her love affair with Ivan and goes to her new lover, Alyosha. But she can't keep him. Ivan becomes a faithful adviser and friend to the unfortunate and desperate Natasha. For her loving and devoted father, who is tormented by complete loss and anger, he also becomes a faithful listener of his revelations. Ivan protects and saves from the hands of the procuress and the young Nelly, who suffers misfortunes one after another. Thus, he is filled with sacrificial service.
Remembering his young years, Dostoevsky brings out a philanthropist and altruist, full of sympathy for unfortunate people and wanting to help them. That is, the already mentioned champion of “socialism as a new Christianity”, in which Dostoevsky believed so sacredly in the days of his youth, continues to be present in the writer and hero. This "socialism" puts forward as an ideal a "new Christ" filled with sympathy for trampled and dishonored women. Imitation of Christ, sacrificing oneself for the sake of unfortunate women and suffering children, saving them through love - this is the highest destiny of man.
In the 40s of the XIX century. this teaching was warmly accepted as a "new truth" by educated Russian youth. As V. L. Komarovich says in Dostoevsky's Youth, the writer was "a man of the 40s", that is, he deeply absorbed these humanistic ideals. In The Diary of a Writer (One of the Modern Falsehoods, 1873), Dostoevsky directly speaks of the "sanctity" of this teaching and of the readiness to die for it. “We, Petrashevists, stood on the scaffold and listened to our verdict without the slightest remorse.”
Having gone through penal servitude and soldiery, in December 1859 Fyodor Mikhailovich returned to St. Petersburg after a ten-year break. He attributed to Ivan his ideals of philanthropy, which he himself professed in his youth, but Ivan's fate is tragic. An advocate of the idea of goodness, Ivan cannot do anything to make unhappy people happy. He himself is abandoned by people and writes his "notes", waiting for death in a hospital bed.
In the magazine publication of the novel, he was prefaced with the subtitle "From the Notes of a Failed Writer." It directly testifies to the author's intention: "The Humiliated and Insulted" can be read as a "report" about the collapse of Dostoevsky the philanthropist.
But everything is not so simple. If we take these notes of defeat in their entirety, we will see an interesting detail: yes, Ivan lost, but he is not buried at all. Ivan is reborn in our eyes as a warm and beautiful person. Ivan renounces himself, he extends a helping hand to his beloved Natasha, he consistently acts as a generous and unfortunate savior and donor, he is defeated ... In this respect, he is similar to the Dreamer from White Nights, who sacrifices himself to his beautiful ideals. Dostoevsky sought to return to literary life. Perhaps he was counting on the fact that such a type as Ivan - a failing man with a beautiful soul - would be received favorably and would be in tune with the mood of those reading circles that were looking forward to the abolition of serfdom, among which humanistic ideals were becoming more widespread. The calculation turned out to be correct: “The Humiliated and Insulted” was a tremendous success, Dostoevsky again found himself in the thick of literary life as the author of “Poor People” and “The Insulted and Insulted”.
Prince Peter Valkovsky: characterization of the hero
Researchers and critics unanimously note that a new type for Dostoevsky appears among the characters of the novel - this is Prince Peter Valkovsky. The misfortunes that fall on the heroes of the novel have their cause precisely in it. He taunts Ivan, who always stands on the side of the weak, who, having rejected himself, extends a helping hand even to Natasha, who rejected him. Valkovsky tells him: you are philanthropists according to Schiller, you believe that there is no higher purpose for a person than to constantly help others; but in fact you are playing an unworthy play, because you flaunt your generosity and I'm tired of it; my truth is that there is a person, “it is myself. Everything is for me, and the whole world is created for me. Listen, my friend, I still believe that you can live well in the world. And this is the best faith ... ".
If we think about Valkovsky's reasoning, we will also notice a certain distance that Dostoevsky keeps in relation to "socialism as a new Christianity."
Dreamer Vasya from "Uncle's Dream", who dreams of a wonderful community, turns into Ivan from "Humiliated and Insulted"; M. from "The Little Hero", who despises "romanticism", becomes Prince Valkovsky - the duel continues. The ambivalence of Dostoevsky's attitude towards socialism as a form of philanthropy is reflected in the confrontation of his characters.
At first glance, it seems that Valkovsky's arguments destroy the ideals of "socialism" (philanthropy). But in his later works, the writer will send defeat to characters like Valkovsky. The egoist Valkovsky, who is proud that “the whole world was created for me,” will turn into a lifeless and powerless person. Like him, both Svidrigailov from Crime and Punishment and Stavrogin from The Possessed are opponents of Schiller and his ideas. But they, unlike Valkovsky, do not sing of their egoism. They are inaccessible to the light of philanthropic ideals, they suffer from a cold and gloomy feeling of "another world." They experience suffering and move towards collapse. This shows that "socialism as a new Christianity" was for Dostoevsky the promise of a bright and warm afterlife.
Alyosha Valkovsky: characterization of the hero
The son of the prince, Alyosha Valkovsky, leaves a difficult impression. Strange as it may seem, but in Alyosha there is absolutely no conscious intention (and, perhaps, precisely because there is no such intention in him) to offend and repel another person, but without any twinge of conscience, he breaks off relations with other people, he destroys these relations and makes people suffer. “He was completely innocent. And when, how could this innocent be made guilty? He was "a boy, a naive egoist."
Alyosha is absolutely weak-willed - Ivan thinks so. Good and evil should leave at least some trace in a person's heart, but it is not found in Alyosha. And therefore, although he has no desire to harm a person, he brings it: he spoils the relationship between Ivan and Natasha, between Natasha and her father. Alyosha argues like this: I didn’t want this tragedy, Natasha just fell in love with me, and I fell in love with her - that’s all. When he succumbed to a new charm and fell in love with Katya, Alyosha did not hide this from Natasha. That is, as he himself believes, he is a frank person and acts at the prompting of the heart. Alyosha can be defined as a "naive egoist." There is some strange purity in the young man Alyosha. In the event of adverse circumstances, he does not become depressed - for the same reasons. When he fails, he gets really sad, but the sadness doesn't last very long. Ivan writes about this young man: “It seems to me that this child could never, even jokingly, lie, and if he did, then, really, not suspecting any harm in it.”
The extraordinary "purity" of Alyosha poses a huge danger to the world, which is controlled by a wide variety of emotions and intentions. This weak-willed young man-child, who is not capable of lying, dictated by a sense of responsibility and concern for a person, is a “dangerous child” for the world of ordinary human relations, he is a villain who has no intention of being a villain.
Strange as it may seem, Dostoevsky does not condemn Alyosha. It is noticeable in Dostoevsky that a person similar to Alyosha - with his lack of intrigue - found a greater response in his soul than a person who, having decided on his emotional and spiritual preferences, begins to act in an independent way. Fyodor Mikhailovich unconsciously strove to approach such a "childish" type of person who has neither the strength nor the spiritual responsibility to condemn others - a gentle person who does not distinguish good from evil.
In almost all of Dostoevsky's works, there is a character that is dear to the writer, who is almost always given the features of "childishness", which manifests the instinctive preferences of the writer. Myshkin from The Idiot, like Alyosha, is a young child, he is sick, but he is clean, and it is in him that Dostoevsky feels a “beautiful” person.
At the heart of the author's aesthetic ideas lies a craving for a person in whom there is no personalism and effective practical morality, but there is absolute purity.
Natasha Ikhmeneva: characterization of the heroine
Natasha Ikhmeneva does not see in the young child Alyosha a windy and disgusting young man, she sees in him the owner of a child's heart of rare purity and beauty. It is said about Natasha that she loves Alyosha, but this is love invented by Dostoevsky, such love does not exist in the world of ordinary people. She herself confesses to Ivan: “You see, Vanya: after all, I decided that I did not love him as an equal, the way a woman usually loves a man. I loved him like... almost like a mother." But this “maternal love” is also unusual: it does not aim to “grow up” and teach the “child” Alyosha to be independent in this sinful and dangerous world. She knows that Alyosha does not have enough strength to “make a nest” and settle there with a woman. She decided in advance that he was a "pure" child who had nothing to do with the worries of this world. Therefore, she sacrifices herself - to protect his beautiful childish heart from these worries. When Alyosha falls in love with Katya, she responds to his admiration for Katya with a mixture of pain and joy. It seems to her: since Alyosha does not hide from her, his mistress, his new hobby, it is proof of his exceptional honesty and sincerity. Natasha does not perceive this love as a stone on her heart and, worrying about Alyosha's future, encourages his new hobby.
If you look at Natasha with an impartial look, then you can’t help but come to the conclusion that her love for this “childish soul” is a thing closed in itself, this is a theater of one actor who is content with the role assigned to him. Like Zina in "Uncle's Dream", Natasha Ikhmeneva is the owner of a "literary" character. Zina's mother reproaches her for not loving a living person, but her beautiful dream. Her words can be addressed to Natasha. It seems that the prototype of Zina, apparently, was Dostoevsky's first wife, Maria Isaeva. Natasha is cut to the same measure.
Dostoevsky's love drama consisted in the fact that Maria's heart was torn between them by the teacher Vergunov, and for some time she was inclined in favor of Vergunov. And at that time Dostoevsky was in exactly the same position as Ivan. Dostoevsky acted as a sympathetic older brother, helping lovers. He tried to calm Maria's suffering, helped Vergunov get a job. And Dostoevsky the writer reinterpreted these relations in a literary way, and Zina from Uncle's Dream and Natasha in The Humiliated and Insulted were born. It is not known whether Maria was a “mother” who decided to protect the “purity” of a young teacher, but Dostoevsky himself interpreted a woman’s love for a man precisely as a mother’s love for an unclouded “childish” soul. The desire to see love in this way was extremely strong in Dostoevsky.
The type of love that Natasha experiences was already revealed in Katerina from The Mistress. In her confused and passionate monologues, she talks about Ordynov's "pure soul", about the love of her older sister and younger brother. In The Idiot, Natasha will develop into Nastasya Filippovna. When the "child" Myshkin falls in love with Aglaya, she will want to sacrifice herself. In this respect, "The Humiliated and Insulted" can be considered the forerunner of "The Idiot".
All these "women according to Dostoevsky" are very far from "earthly love" and its realities, they are the product of Dostoevsky's admiration for a "pure heart", a reverence that, like a poisonous gas, clouds the head. “A pure childish heart” seems to these women to be the highest manifestation of “beauty”. They believe that this heart cannot be allowed to be wounded, and therefore they prefer to sacrifice themselves.
As can be seen from the behavior of Maria Alexandrovna in Uncle's Dream, Dostoevsky's attitude to the desire to sacrifice himself was not without criticism. But this naive desire was related to the highest ideals, it was an integral part of the utopianism of the 40s, it was Dostoevsky's "chronic disease". Like his female characters, he himself could not get rid of this disease either. Anyone who has read Dostoevsky's later novels - Crime and Punishment, Demons, The Teenager, The Brothers Karamazov - will confirm that Dostoevsky was very sensitive to the social and political problems of Russia at that time. But he was not a "social" writer who simply "inserts" newspaper chronicles, testifying to social disarray, into his works to describe the psychology of Russian youth. As Dostoevsky's young friend Vladimir Solovyov testified, the writer was preoccupied with the search for the "kingdom of truth" (see Three Speeches in Memory of Dostoevsky). Fedor Mikhailovich himself said that "truth is more poetic than anything in the world."
Alyosha's “pure childish heart,” for which Natasha is ready to sacrifice herself, is a fragment of that “poetic truth” that Dostoevsky strove for all his life. This truth can be called differently. In the early works, this is a happy life, like an endless holiday (“Netochka Nezvanova”), brotherly sisterly love (“The Mistress”) - images inspired by the imagery of utopian ideas; in later works, this is the “new Jerusalem” (“Crime and Punishment”), “heaven on earth” (“Teenager”).
“The Insulted and Humiliated” is a novel addressed to the general reader, which tells about the complex relationship between urban fathers and daughters in what was then Russia in the 60s, but even in this work Dostoevsky could not resist speculating about his understanding of “truth” .
Nelly: characterization of the heroine
Starting with "Poor People" and ending with "A Writer's Diary", Dostoevsky repeatedly describes the fate of silently suffering children with crippled destinies. The abundance of childhood suffering and death is a characteristic feature of the writer's work. But these children are often able to understand the psychology of adults better than adults themselves; they know how to resist despair, which adults themselves cannot cope with; they have such an ardent love that adults do not experience.
Nelly from "The Humiliated and Insulted" is a representative of just such a children's "tribe", but even among them she stands out for her "non-childhood". There are scenes in the novel where she does not know how to express her feelings towards Ivan, the first man who treated her kindly. As a result, she expresses her love in the form of hostility and even tries to run away from him. Nelly's behavior - so "dark" and so exuberant - is very different from what we are used to seeing in the literature describing girls.
Nelly is on a par with Lisa (The Eternal Husband), Ilyusha (The Brothers Karamazov), the girl-wife (The Meek One) in the sense that Dostoevsky, with his inherent “cruel talent”, depicts the suffering of small and weak creatures . It is more common for Fyodor Mikhailovich to portray the sick and weak than the strong and healthy. In his works, unfortunate boys and girls experience human weakness with amazing force.
Option 6
The answers to tasks 1–24 are a word, a phrase, a number or a sequence of words, numbers. Write your answer to the right of the task number without spaces, commas or other additional characters.
Read the text and do tasks 1-3.
(1) The decision made by the court in a particular case must be executed, for example, a decision to evict people who occupied it without permission from an apartment, a decision to confiscate property, etc. (2) But not always persons obliged to do something by a court decision voluntarily fulfill this duty. (3) _____ execution of judicial acts is carried out by force and
assigned to the bailiffs.
- Which of the following sentences correctly conveys MAIN
information contained in the text?
1. Persons obliged to do something by a court decision do not always voluntarily fulfill this duty.
2. The bailiff service carries out the enforcement of judicial acts that are not executed voluntarily.
3. If persons do not voluntarily execute a court decision, the enforcement of judicial acts is carried out by force.
4. The decision taken by the court must be executed, even if some persons oppose the execution of the judicial act.
5. If the court decision is not executed voluntarily, the enforcement of judicial acts is entrusted to the bailiff service.
- Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place
Gaps in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write out this word (combination
words).
In all cases / In any case / In any case / In this case / Otherwise
Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word
CASE. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in
The given fragment of the dictionary entry.
CASE, - a; pl. deeds, deeds, deeds; cf.
1. Work, occupation, activity. Busy with important work. Habitual d. Current affairs. Be idle. For service.
2. someone. terms of reference; what is directly related to someone, is included in someone's. tasks. Education - e. family.
3. Necessity, need. I have before you (to you) e. Come on business.
4. Something important, necessary (colloquial). Speak d. (essentially).
5. Sphere of knowledge, activity, work. Gornoye village Voevoye village Stolyarnoye village
6. Same as enterprise (in 1 value). The company has a solid village. Open in the city
7. Event, circumstance, fact; the state of things. D. was in autumn. It is D.
past. How are you?
8. Same as deed. Do good d.
9. Trial, process. Criminal e. Initiate e. against someone
4. In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress:
The letter denoting a stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. write it out
Word.
partner / waited / started / indulging / enviably
In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
1. OIL crops are plants cultivated for the production of oils.
2. After a YEAR'S absence, I. A. Krylov made another attempt to return to the capital.
3. Cash in hand consists of cash on hand, checks and money orders from customers.
4. No one will be able to HUMILATE the role of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War in the victory over fascism.
5. Weeping willow is not often seen in modern landscape design.
In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
ten AMPS / dive DEEPER / on BOTH sides / more than TWO HUNDRED years
PUT on the table
Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
(1) The decision made by the court in a particular case must be executed, for example, a decision to evict people who occupied it without permission from an apartment, a decision to confiscate property, etc. (2) But not always persons obliged to do something by a court decision voluntarily fulfill this duty. (3) _____ enforcement of judicial acts is carried out in a compulsory manner and is entrusted to the bailiff service.
Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the MAIN information contained in the text?
1. Persons obliged to do something by a court decision do not always voluntarily fulfill this duty.
2. The bailiff service carries out the enforcement of judicial acts that are not executed voluntarily.
3. If persons do not voluntarily execute a court decision, the enforcement of judicial acts is carried out by force.
4. The decision taken by the court must be executed, even if some persons oppose the execution of the judicial act.
5. If the court decision is not executed voluntarily, the enforcement of judicial acts is entrusted to the bailiff service.
Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
1. In all cases
2. Anyway
3. Anyway
4. In this case
5. Otherwise
Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word CASE. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
D E LO, - a; pl. deeds, deeds, deeds; cf.
1. Work, occupation, activity. Busy with important work. Habitual d. Current affairs. Be idle. For service.
2. someone. terms of reference; what is directly related to someone, is included in someone's. tasks. Education - e. family.
3. Necessity, need. I have before you (to you) e. Come on business.
4. Something important, necessary (colloquial). Speak d. (essentially).
5. Sphere of knowledge, activity, work. Gornoye village Voevoye village Stolyarnoye village
6. Same as enterprise (in 1 value). The company has a solid village. Open your own village in the city.
7. Event, circumstance, fact; the state of things. D. was in autumn. This is e. the past. How are you?
8. Same as deed. Do good d.
9. Trial, process. Criminal d. Initiate d. against someone.
In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.
waited
started
In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
1. OIL crops are plants cultivated for the production of oils.
2. After a YEAR'S absence, I. A. Krylov made another attempt to return to the capital.
3. Cash in hand consists of cash on hand, checks and money orders from customers.
4. No one will be able to HUMILATE the role of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War in the victory over fascism.
5. Weeping willow is not often seen in modern landscape design.
In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
ten AMPS
dive DEEPER
on BOTH sides
over two hundred years
PUT on the table
Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
| GRAMMATICAL ERRORS | OFFERS |
| A) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition | 1) The exhibition presents not only painting, but also sculpture. |
| B) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members | 2) Modern publicists publish their works on the pages of the Sovremennik magazine. |
| C) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application | 3) Masha was especially struck by those fish sedately swimming in a huge aquarium. |
| D) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover | 4) The Literary Heritage magazine published new materials. |
| E) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover | 5) No one responded to the letters that we sent to Odessa every week. |
| 6) Everyone who has forgotten the horrors of war should see the paintings of the artist Mikhail Savitsky. | |
| 7) The train arrived according to the schedule. | |
| 8) In War and Peace, when describing military actions, Tolstoy often uses a comparison with a game of chess. | |
| 9) The image of Peter I appears in many works of Pushkin, admiring and appreciating him. |
Determine the word in which the unstressed unchecked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
... humiliated
trans...odic
compare ... to compare
x...otic
preliminary
Find a row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words out with the missing letter.
from ... capacitance, to ... southern
pr...claim, pr...bet
from ... drive, pr ... grandfather
once ... play, from ... say
ra...stab, ra...beat
did... was he
swing ... walt
shy...
commanded ... wat
fearful ... out
Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.
sealed
invisible...my
offended ... who
move ... my
Write down the word in which NOT (NOR) is spelled CONTINUOUSLY.
1. At home we were expected by no means (NOT) GOOD news.
2. We (NEVER) saw my father sad or confused.
3. It was (NOT) WHO other than the director of the school.
4. The artist had a (NOT) BEAUTIFUL but surprisingly expressive face.
5. The fence was (NOT) PAINTED and fell on its side.
Determine the sentence in which both underlined words are spelled ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.
1. (IN) SUBSEQUENCE we repeatedly recalled how Fedor bravely passed (FOR) THAT rocky ledge.
2. It was (FOR) STILL hot on the street, (FOR) THAT, the issue of the delivery of drinking water turned out to be the most urgent.
3. (NOT) DESPITE feeling unwell, Sergey managed to finish the work (B) WITHIN a week.
4. TO (WOULD) get to the pass, I had to walk so long that many (FOR) FREQUENTly thought of returning to the camp.
5. In the yard SO (SAME), as a year ago, kids played and strict grandmothers made sure that order was observed.
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
Purchased (1) things were carefully packed (2) and neatly folded (3) in cardboard (4) boxes.
Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1. The secretary took documents and a pen from the table and went to the boss's office.
2. A stormy mudflow completely washed away both the dining room and residential buildings under construction.
3. Where will you rest and how long will this trip last?
4. The sea sparkled and rustled and played with waves.
5. The sun hid behind a rolling cloud and a large shadow ran across the ground.
Sergey Yuryevich was silent (1) looking out the window (2) and (3) turning to me (4) again began to explain.
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentences.
To us (1) however (2) already (3) it seemed (4) that the forest would stretch indefinitely.
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.
I learned from Ilya (1) and about the brownie (2) who slept in a tub (3) and about the merman (4) who had a wonderful room under the wheels.
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.
In these places, great fishing (1) and (2) if you have free time (3) then you can spend it near the river (4) which is just teeming with fish.
