Nekrasov on the road size. Analysis of the poem "On the Road" by N.A. Nekrasov. Images and symbols

Nekrasov worked hard on the work in 1845. Since after the collection "Dreams and Sounds" the poet failed, he tried and put all his strength into work. He decided to change the themes of creativity, and make everyday life the main object of his works, write about people's lives and everyday problems that concerned ordinary people.

After V. G. Belinsky read this work, he was shocked. Despite the simplicity and commonness of the theme of the difficult fate of the peasantry, Belinsky gave a rather high assessment to what was written:

Do you know that you are a poet, and a true poet!

Genre, direction and size

For the most part, Nekrasov wrote in the direction of realism. It is worth adding that "On the Road" is ranked among the civil lyrics. The poet tried to convey the naturalness of the life of the peasantry, the whole authenticity of what happened in those days.

The work is written in the form of a coachman's conversation. In terms of genre, it in a sense refers to coachmen's songs, goes back to folklore and is at the junction between lyrical and epic beginnings.

The size is a three-foot anapaest. The rhyme is lively and energetic due to the interweaving of male and female, and there is also a chaotic rhyme of cross, pair and ring.

Images and symbols

The lyrical hero in Nekrasov's work "On the Road" experiences incredible boredom from life and longing. And in order to have some fun, he asks the coachman to help him with this, so that he entertains him with some story, tells him something. This is an inquisitive traveler who does not shy away from talking with ordinary people, does not behave arrogantly. He is interested in the whole world without exception. This is how a real poet should be. He is distinguished from others by a subtle perception of the world, the ability to analyze and reason. He knows and understands that the wife of a peasant, brought up in the traditions and customs of a manor house, cannot fall in love with the hard and ugly village life.

But the fact is that the coachman is not up to fun either, he is disturbed by thoughts about his wife, so he knows the master's story of his life. This is an ordinary peasant with a traditional set of values: family, home, land. But everything is with him, not like with people, because he got an atypical lady as his wife. All the time he is tormented by the fact that she is unhappy with his society, and his whole set of life attitudes is alien to her.

His wife, a peasant woman Pear, was brought up in a manor house, and had the opportunity to get a good education. She learned to read and even learned to play the organ. But after the death of the master and the growing up of the young lady, in which the girl was a companion, refined and not adapted to physical labor, Pear was sent back to the village, where she was forcibly married not out of love to a rude and untidy peasant. All her suffering is no longer from work that she was not used to doing, but from violence and impotence, from the inability to control her destiny. This is a smart, sensitive and gifted nature, which the owners only crippled with their patronage. If she had been brought up like everyone else, none of this would have happened, but come gentlemen, it is more important than her fate. The feelings and talents of the girl were trampled on by another whim.

The coachman is still at a loss and does not understand. What did he do, because all his life, according to him, he treated her well. He only beat her when she was drunk, but that doesn't count. The coachman is too simple and stupid, and does not understand why his wife does not behave like other women. He lives without ulterior motives about the present, does what he does until a moment comes that he has to think about. Of course, he blames the masters for her "corruption", but, in fact, they are not to blame for their upbringing, but for not properly arranging a girl with such skills.

Themes and mood

Nekrasov raises in a poem the theme of the tragedy of human fate which is not its own master. Slavery in his description takes on a sophisticated form. The girl was deceived by vain hopes, lured by an easy and beautiful life, and then, without thinking about her adaptation to the new conditions, they threw her out of the house, and even married against her will. It is impossible even to imagine what she felt, knowing all the hardships of serfdom on herself.
The problem of misunderstanding. The lyrical hero, who listens to the story of the coachman, understands perfectly well that it is hard for his wife to live in such conditions not from hard work, but from a violent life, from humiliation. The coachman believes that the peasant woman was ruined by her upbringing, which she received in the master's house. He is partly right, but in a country where education and manners interfere with life, a free and highly intelligent person cannot develop. This is another problem raised by the poet - the backwardness of Russia, bogged down in serfdom.
Love Theme. The coachman loves his wife in his own way, but a system of corporal punishment is laid down and provided for in his upbringing. The wife must also work on an equal footing with a man, is obliged to fulfill her marital duty and manage to manage the household. There is no time for music and reading novels. Naturally, he does not understand the true needs and feelings of a woman brought up according to the lordly canons. Her love is a romantic and sublime feeling from numerous fictional stories. She perceives life differently, her ideas are close to the ideal learned from books. For her, her husband's love seems like gross ignorance and unbearable vulgarity.
The problem of permissiveness and irresponsibility. The gentlemen do not think about the fate of the peasants, their actions are not motivated by anything other than their own whims. They do not consider servants to be people, and all literary humanism disappears when they dispose of slaves. Neither the king nor the court punishes this in any way, so the nobles use their power without hesitation.
Mood an oppressive thing is created, because you can’t help Grusha in any way, and there are hundreds of such Pears, and maybe thousands. The problem posed by the author has not been resolved, and the main theme (the rigidity and injustice of serfdom) did not lose its sharpness for many years to come. This page in Russian history must be considered shameful.

main idea

The theme of landlord arbitrariness is not new to the literature of those years. The heroine of the poem, a peasant girl, at the whim of her master, touched the world culture and felt like a person of a different social level, but, in fact, she remained the same slave, and fate proved this very convincingly. The meaning of the author's message to posterity is that one cannot dispose of a person as a thing. He has a mind and feelings, consciousness and will, and, therefore, has the right to self-determination and personal life, which are consistent with his choice. Now this is obvious, but then only advanced thinkers understood it.

The peasant woman returns to her environment and marries a peasant with no skills for peasant labor. Without the habit of such an existence, it is doomed to death. The author unexpectedly compares 2 morals: master's and peasant's. The coachman failed in his family life, but telling his story, he frankly sympathizes with his wife, understanding the tragedy of her situation: "The gentlemen ruined her." The true humanism of a simple Russian peasant contrasts with the rigidity of education and the pseudo-humanity of the masters. This is the main idea of the work: kindness should be in deeds, not in words. Even a rude and drinking man feels sorry for the girl, but not for her smart, respected and sober owners. This means that they are clearly hypocritical and deceiving themselves, because their souls are a hundred times more primitive than the nature of a village peasant.

Means of artistic expression

Since Nekrasov wrote in the genre of coachmen's songs, one can find a lot of vernacular in his work, such as: "girl", "woman", "man", "bait", "got sick" and "where". So he reproduces the authentic folk speech without embellishment.

For expressiveness and conveying the emotional mood, the author uses such epithets as: “dashing woman”, “daring coachman”, “tireless work”, and metaphors: “drunken hand”, “persistent boredom”.

Nikolai Nekrasov is a writer and poet who can be considered among Russian poets as an expert on the human peasant soul. After all, it was Nekrasov who, during his life, wrote many works in which he described all the difficulties of peasant life, the lives of these people, since the peasants at that time were very poor, and they were always forced to work like slaves.

Nikolai Nekrasov often mentions in his works about peasant lives, which have always been sad. In addition, the poet often tells in his creative works about marriages between a gentleman and a simple peasant woman. Which was beautiful, smart, and so on - and therefore deserved the trust and love of the master. But these marriages are unequal, according to Nekrasov, and not only he thinks so.

In addition, it is in this work that the poet tells in the story how a poor peasant girl was with a young lady, almost from birth - and she was beautiful, smart and educated, and besides, she was provided, since she seemed to be equal to the young young lady. But, when the young lady herself grew up, she then married an equal in blood and position, and therefore left for St. Petersburg. On this, the life of a beautiful girl - good and well-established - ended. The young lady's father died, and she was left completely alone. A new gentleman appeared - the son-in-law of a deceased person. So he made the girl's life simply unbearable. After all, she was a peasant woman, despite the fact that she grew up in a rich house and together with a young lady. She knew a lot about beautiful clothes, and knew how to speak well, and also - she was very educated and smart, but nothing more. In addition, she did not know how, because this was not taught to her. She had white hands, very delicate. Therefore, when she was sent to the village, she did not know how to live. The new master sent her, as there was nowhere to put her. And then, in order for him to somehow survive, her master married her to a coachman. The girl still could not cook or work in the field. And therefore, the coachman once drove one master, and he asked to tell something funny. He told his story, but only - it is sad, not cheerful.

Nekrasov shows with this work how cruel people can be - especially the gentlemen of those times. After all, many unknown girls in this way, having played around, simply threw them out - simply into the street, making her completely helpless. Giving her what was later taken away is fun for yourself.

Analysis of the poem On the road according to plan

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This poem raises topics that were traditional for Nekrasov's work - the life and suffering of the common people. The author tells about the fate of a peasant girl who grew up in a manor house, but later married off to a simple peasant.
The poem contains the image of the narrator, whose appeal opens the lyrical
narration. This is a gentleman who is on the road. To pass the time, he invites the coachman to amuse him with a song, a story. The situation is quite natural. But the master wants to listen to the peasant only for fun, not really interested in his fate. And the coachman suddenly begins a story about serious things, a story that cannot leave the listener indifferent. The words "Boring! bored!..", with which the poem begins, deserve special attention. The author understands by them not only road boredom. It means "boring" in the meaning of "sad", "sad", "hopeless". It means "boring" in the meaning of "sad", "sad", "hopeless". This applies both to the coachman's story and to the life of the whole people.
“I myself am not happy,” the coachman says to the master. And he talks about the fate of his wife - a girl brought up in a manor house along with a young lady. Here is a hint of one of the main conflicts of rural society - the opposition of peasants and householders. Court servants are well-dressed (“I didn’t dress like that ...”), they adopt the manners of their masters, but become toys in their hands. Having ceased to be needed by the gentlemen (“I don’t need ...”), they can no longer do household chores, since they have been cut off from the earth all their lives. The only thing left for them is to endure the anger and ridicule of their fellow peasants ("Beloruchka ...").
In those days, the problem of quitrent and corvée was very acute. The master completely controlled the life of all serfs. The old master died - and the new one transfers them from corvée to quitrent. Quit was a more profitable form of farming compared to corvée (work on the master's fields). But the peasants could not immediately change the type of farming. Thus, the master only made their life more difficult. The fate of the woman and her husband is in the center of attention of the author of the poem. Perhaps Grusha was the illegitimate daughter of the old master. The text does not say this directly, but otherwise the position of the Pear in the house cannot be explained. This was commonplace at the time. This is also evidenced by the lines: "I gave God my master's soul, leaving Grusha as an orphan."

Poem "On the road" was written by a 24 year old Nekrasov in 1845. At this time, Nikolai Nekrasov worked closely and productively with "Furious Vissarion" Belinsky. Also at this time, Nekrasov, having rented on shares with Panaev the Sovremennik founded by Pushkin, began to engage in publishing activities. It was by no means his first poetic work. In 1840 he published a book of his poems "Dreams and Sounds" ignored by the reading public. Nekrasov's frustration with indifference to his work prompted him to buy up and destroy the edition of his collection, almost like Gogol with his "Ganz Küchelgarten". Only Vissarion Belinsky dryly and restrainedly praised "Dreams and Sounds" as "coming out of the soul."

Nekrasov showed him a poem written after several years of interruption "On the road". The critic was delighted. When Nekrasov read a poem Belinsky hugged him tightly and cried out: “You are a poet, and a true poet!”

Herzen also liked this poem so much that he, breaking the tradition of not publishing poems on the pages of the Bell, printed it, calling it “excellent” in the announcement.
genre poem "On the road" is a bizarre and tart mixture of a story and a coachman's song. Built in the form of a dialogue between a passenger, a Russian gentleman, and a coachman. The core of the poem is a story about the drama and tragedy of a commoner, in whose soul illusions have been planted.
The beginning of the poem - this is a replica of the barin. Anticipating in advance the dull monotony of a long road, he asks the coachman:

About the rivertsky set and separation;

What a joke

And the coachman willingly (seems to have tormented his soul!) tells the vicissitudes of his far from gloomy life. First, he complains to the master that he was "crushed by the villainous wife."

The villainous wife crushed! ..

But the further the coachman's story goes, the more dramatic the story becomes: the picture of the Agrafena-Grusha tragedy becomes clear before the reader's mind's eye. Having grown up on the estate as a confidante of her peer - a young lady, she not only learned to read and write - she received a decent education. She also plays music (“play the harp” (organ)). But the death of the head of the house brings down the happiness of the village girl to dust. The young lady leaves for St. Petersburg, and Agrafena - Pear returns to the village, to the hut:

"Know your place, man!"

Then, without any hesitation, she is pushed down the aisle like a sheep to a ram. But Grusha's strength is not enough to put up with it and put on a strap to drag to death, meekly, a thousand-pound weight of peasant fate.

It's a sin to say that you were lazy
Yes, you see, it's in your hands, don't argueelk!
Like firewood or water carried,
As she went to corvee - it became
Indus is sometimes a pity ... yes, where! -
Do not console her with a new thing:
The cats rubbed her leg,
Then, listen, she is uncomfortable in a sundress.
With strangers here and there,
And stealthily roars like a crazy ...
The lords killed her
And there would be a dashing woman!

Pear's suffering is not from the conditions of bestial life, not from overwhelming peasant work, although this destroys her physically, but mortal anguish is generated by the realization of the hopelessness of her fate and the lifetime of her slavery. Having lived on the estate during the early years of her life, she was used to thinking like a person, and not like an ignorant servant. And a sharp, mean turn in her life broke her and brings her closer to a tragic denouement:

And the coachman is not able to, because, according to the concepts of the Russian village, he was quite a liberal husband:

God knows, did not torment
I am her tireless work ...
He dressed and fed, did not scold without a way,
respected thenhere's how, with pleasure ...
And, listen, beat - so almost never beat,
Is it only under a drunken hand ...

These last words of the bewildered peasant are unbearable for the passenger, who cuts off his confession with the bitterest irony:

Well, that's enough, coachman! Dispersed
You are my unrelenting boredom!

"On the road" a composition of three parts clearly emerges. TO first part can be attributed to the beginning of the poem request of the passenger. Second main part- a slightly mournful narration of a coachman. The third part- the final remark of the master. IN early And final poems arise boredom theme, longing, invariably present in Russian life. In this regard, we we can talk about ring composition.
The poem "On the Road" is a three-foot anapaest, the rhyme is varied - cross, pair and ring. Nekrasov generously, with knowledge of the subject, scatters pearls of artistic expressiveness: epithets (“a daring coachman”, “a dashing woman”), a metaphor (“the wife crushed the villain”), an anaphora (“The cats rubbed her leg, Then, listen, she is embarrassed in a sundress ”), comparison (“roars like crazy ...”). The language of the poem is rich "On the road" into dialect expressions: “You understand-hundred”, “hang around”, “hear”, “where”.
Poem "On the road" marked breakthrough in creativity Nekrasov. It was written after, as mentioned above, the failure of the 1840 collection of poems Dreams and Sounds.

Nekrasov realized that he needed to write differently. That poetry should be nourished by the passions and life of people. “In front of me, never depicted, were millions of living beings! They asked for a loving look! And whatever a person is, then a martyr, whatever life is, then a tragedy! the poet later recalled.

That's how it was born "On the road", discovered in the work of Nekrasov theme of Russian peasant life and where he became the first among equals, earning himself a well-deserved fame as a great poet.

"Boring! boring! .. The remote coachman,

Disperse my boredom with something!

Song, or something, buddy, sing

About the rivertsky set and separation;

What a joke

Or what you saw, tell me -

I will be grateful for everything, brother.

- “I myself am not happy, master:

The villainous wife crushed! ..

Hear you, from a young age, sir, she

In the manor house was learned

Together with the young lady to various sciences,

You understand, a hundred, sew and knit,

All noble manners and things.

Dressed not what we have

In the village, our sarafans,

And, roughly imagine, in an atlas;

Ate plenty of honey and porridge.

I had such an imposing look,

If only the lady, you hear, natural,

And not like our serf brother,

Tois, the noble one wooed her

(Listen, the teacher was a hundred crashing,

Bait the coachman, Ivanovich Toropka), -

Yes, to know, God did not judge her happiness:

Not needed - a hundred servants in the nobility!

The master's daughter got married,

Yes, and in St. Petersburg ... And having celebrated the wedding,

Sam - at, you hear, returned to the estate,

Fell ill at Trinity in the night

I gave my master's soul to God,

Leaving Grusha as an orphan ...

A month later, the son-in-law arrived -

Went through the revision of the soul

And from the flank he put me on quitrent,

And then I got and to the pear.

Know she was rude to him

In something, or simply crowded

It seemed to live together in the house,

You know, we don't know.

He brought her back to the village -

Know your place, man!

The girl howled - cool came:

White-handed, you see, white-handed!

As a sin, the nineteenth year

It happened to me at that time ... they put me in jail

On tax - yes, they married her ...

Tois, how much trouble I've got!

Such a look, you know, severe ...

No mowing, no going after the cow!..

It's a sin to say that you were lazy

Yes, you see, the matter was not argued in the hands!

Like firewood or water carried,

As she went to corvee - it became

Indus is sometimes a pity ... yes, where! -

Do not console her with a new thing:

The cats rubbed her leg,

Then, listen, she is uncomfortable in a sundress.

With strangers here and there,

And stealthily roars like crazy ...

The lords killed her

And there would be a dashing woman!

For some patret everything looks

Yes, he is reading a book...

Indus fear me, you hear, it hurts,

What will destroy her and her son:

Teaches literacy, washes, cuts,

Like a barchenka, she scratches every day,

It doesn’t beat - it doesn’t let me beat ...

Yes, the shot will amuse for a short time!

Hear how the sliver is thin and pale,

Walks, tois, completely through force,

On the day of two spoons will not eat oatmeal -

Tea, we'll dump it into the grave in a month ...

And why? .. God knows, he didn’t torment

I am her tireless work ...

He dressed and fed, did not scold without a way,

Respected, then, that's how, willingly ...

And, listen, to beat - so almost did not beat,

Is it only under a drunken hand ... "

“Well, that’s enough, coachman! Dispersed

You are my unrelenting boredom! .. "

If you do not open games or simulators, read.

"On the road" analysis of the work - theme, idea, genre, plot, composition, heroes, problems and other issues are disclosed in this article.

History of creation

The poem "On the Road" was written by Nekrasov in 1845, the poet is only 24 years old. This is a genre scene created in the form of a dialogue between a gentleman and a coachman (long-distance carrier). Coachmen often sang songs and told stories to bored riders, so Nekrasov describes a typical life situation. The song-complaint of the coachman as a genre existed in folklore.

Literary direction, genre

Nekrasov's poems are realistic. They describe the typical hero in typical circumstances. In times of serfdom, peasants often became a toy in the hands of the masters. Sometimes this happened as if by accident, as described in the poem "On the Road": a serf girl was taken to the manor's house as a friend and companion of the owner's daughter. When the young lady grew up and got married, and the old master died, his son-in-law sent the girl, accustomed to living like a young lady, to the village and married her off. The landowners did not think about the fate of their serfs. The change in life has made the young peasant woman unhappy and threatens her with death. In fairness, it must be said that there were also unequal marriages between landowners and serfs, but they were rarely happy.

The poem belongs to civil lyrics and denounces the social structure of feudal Russia.

Theme, main idea and composition

The plot of the poem is the coachman's complaints about his wife, who grew up in the master's house. Pear was taught the sciences, sewing, knitting, reading, playing the piano. She dressed like a master, ate the master's food (porridge with honey). A teacher even wooed her, “yes, to know, God did not judge her happiness.” After a new owner came to the house, Pear was for some reason sent to the village and married, and her life, as well as her husband's, became unbearable. Her husband does not consider her lazy, but she does not know how to do anything, “neither mow, nor go after the cow.” It is difficult for a woman to perform any physical work. The coachman husband takes pity on her and comforts her, as is customary among peasants, but even new clothes do not please her, unusual clothes and shoes are uncomfortable. The pear cries, eats little and, obviously, will not live long in the world. She is reading some book (perhaps the only one she has), looking at some portrait (isn’t it a portrait of a teacher?) The coachman does not understand his wife at all, does not see his own fault, because he treated her according to -peasantly good, even almost did not beat. He is also worried about the fate of his son, whom his mother is raising as a young lady.

The main idea of the narrator is contained in two lines: "The gentlemen destroyed her, And there would be a dashing woman." The coachman implies that the peasant woman was ruined by the lordly upbringing. The master, who asked to be entertained with a story, stops the peasant on the words that he beat his wife only under a drunken hand. The master understands how much a girl should be oppressed by such a life. Not because she has to do dirty peasant work, but because she is humiliated. The theme of the poem is the unfortunate fate of a person with self-esteem. The master is aware of all the hopelessness and bleakness of the fate of the unfortunate spouses and, in general, of all people in the class society, which was serf Russia. The idea of the poem is anti-serfdom.

Size and rhyme

The poem is written in three-foot anapaest, reminiscent of tonic Russian songs-complaints. This rhythm falls on the sound of hooves. The liveliness of speech conveys the alternation of female and male rhymes, as well as a variety of rhymes that alternate randomly: cross, pair and ring.

Paths and images, speech

Realistic speech of the coachman is made by vernacular expressions: you hear, you understand, a hundred, tois, crashing, bait, sam-at, patret. Nekrasov accurately managed to convey the condition of a peasant who does not know how to help his wife and what is his own fault. The master at the beginning of the dialogue is calm and indifferent: he does not care what story to listen to. But he is not heartless. The barin's speech is ironic. Sarcasm is felt in the last phrase “You dispersed my persistent boredom”: it was sad, but it became even sadder and hopeless.

There are no paths in the coachman's speech, and where would they come from a peasant. There are two vernacular comparisons roars like crazy, like a sliver thin and pale and one epithet - the highest peasant praise dashing wench. epithet master persistent boredom emphasizes his bitterness from what he heard.

The poem “On the Road” was written by Nekrasov at a very early age, when he was just in search of his creative path. However, the characteristic features of Nekrasov's poetry are already visible in it, which a brief analysis of “On the Road” will help to see according to plan. Using it in a literature lesson in grade 11, it is easy to make the topic easier for students to understand.

Brief analysis

History of creation- the poem was written in 1845, when Nekrasov was only twenty-four years old. However, the poet already felt an urgent need to indicate his civic position.

Subject- reflections of the coachman about his wife, who was ruined by the lordly upbringing.

Composition- one-part, the coachman's story develops sequentially.

Genre- civic poetry.

Poetic size- a three-foot anapaest with alternating male and female rhymes and disordered rhyming.

Comparisons – “roars like crazy”, “like a chip is thin and pale”.

epithets - “daring coachman”, “recruitment set”, “master's house”, “noble manners”, “stern appearance”, “dashing woman”, “tireless work”, “drunken hand”, “persistent boredom”.

History of creation

The story, which is an imaginary dialogue between a gentleman and a coachman, was created by Nekrasov in 1845. At the time of writing this poetic work, the poet was barely 24 years old, but he had a clear civic position and talentedly expressed it in poetic form.

When the young creator showed his criticism to Belinsky, already known at that time, he, moved, called him a “true poet”. Herzen considered this work excellent.

It was this work that marked a new stage in the creative development of Nekrasov, who moved from romanticism to realism and focused on civil lyrics.

Subject

The difficult fate of the Russian people - that's what worried the young author. And it is this topic that his work “On the Road” is devoted to. Grusha, a peasant wife, gained self-esteem in the master's house - and this subsequently made the serf unhappy for life.

The main idea is the hopelessness of the current situation. As long as serfdom exists in Russia, and the master can marry people at his own discretion, depriving them of their heartfelt inclination, ordinary people will be unhappy.

Composition

The verse has a beginning and an ending, but, despite this, it is distinguished by a one-part composition.

Zachin is the request of the master to the coachman to entertain him with some story or song, to which he responds with complaints about his wife and explains what exactly caused his discontent.

The story of Pear, described by her husband, is very sad: the girl was brought up in the master's house for a long time as a friend of a little young lady, but then she got married, her father died, and the new owner of the estate sent the serf to where she belonged - to a peasant hut, previously marrying off. In a past life, her love for a teacher remained, and in this one there was only hard work. And although her husband did not exhaust her, even felt sorry for her in his own way and beat her only when he was drunk, she still felt humiliated.

The composition ends with the words of the master, who interrupted the coachman's story, ironically noting that he "amused" him. The hopelessness of the position of a peasant woman and serfs in general, vividly depicted by Nekrasov in this seemingly simple story, deeply touches the soul.

Genre

This is one of the very first examples of Nekrasov's civil lyrics, which ardently denounces the unjust feudal system of Russia.

The three-foot anapaest was not chosen in vain - it makes the poem look like Russian songs-complaints on the one hand and rhythmically repeats the clatter of hooves on the other. Thus, Nekrasov conveys the atmosphere of the story, which is being conducted on the road.

Due to the variety of types of rhyme, as well as the use of both male and female rhymes, Nekrasov manages to convey the liveliness of colloquial speech.

means of expression

This work is not too rich in the usual means of expression, for which there is an explanation: there is nowhere to take flowery words in the speech of such a simple person as a coachman. Nekrasov uses the most simple artistic means:

Comparisons- “roars like crazy”, “like a chip is thin and pale.”
epithets- “daring coachman”, “recruitment set”, “master's house”, “noble manners”, “stern appearance”, “dashing woman”, “tireless work”, “drunken hand”, “persistent boredom”.

The last epithet shows that the gentleman is not as indifferent as he wanted to seem - in fact, he experiences deep bitterness because of the realization of what a hopeless situation a not free person can be in.

At the same time, he inserts colloquial speeches into the coachman's speech, which give it realism: you hear, you understand - one hundred, tois, crashing, bait, sam-at, patret.

Brief analysis

History of creation- the poem was written in 1845, when Nekrasov was only twenty-four years old. However, the poet already felt an urgent need to indicate his civic position.

Subject- reflections of the coachman about his wife, who was ruined by the lordly upbringing.

Composition- one-part, the coachman's story develops sequentially.

Genre- civic poetry.

Poetic size- a three-foot anapaest with alternating male and female rhymes and disordered rhyming.

Comparisons – “roars like crazy”, “like a chip is thin and pale”.

History of creation

When the young creator showed his criticism to Belinsky, already known at that time, he, moved, called him a “true poet”. Herzen considered this work excellent.

It was this work that marked a new stage in the creative development of Nekrasov, who moved from romanticism to realism and focused on civil lyrics.

Subject

Composition

The verse has a beginning and an ending, but, despite this, it is distinguished by a one-part composition.

Zachin is the request of the master to the coachman to entertain him with some story or song, to which he responds with complaints about his wife and explains what exactly caused his discontent.

Genre

This is one of the very first examples of Nekrasov's civil lyrics, which ardently denounces the unjust feudal system of Russia.

Due to the variety of types of rhyme, as well as the use of both male and female rhymes, Nekrasov manages to convey the liveliness of colloquial speech.

means of expression

Comparisons- “roars like crazy”, “like a chip is thin and pale.”
epithets- “daring coachman”, “recruitment set”, “master's house”, “noble manners”, “stern appearance”, “dashing woman”, “tireless work”, “drunken hand”, “persistent boredom”.

At the same time, he inserts colloquial speeches into the coachman's speech, which give it realism: you hear, you understand - one hundred, tois, crashing, bait, sam-at, patret.

Poem Test

Analysis Rating

Average rating: 4 . Total ratings received: 44.

Brief analysis

History of creation- the poem was written in 1845, when Nekrasov was only twenty-four years old. However, the poet already felt an urgent need to indicate his civic position.

Subject- reflections of the coachman about his wife, who was ruined by the lordly upbringing.

Composition- one-part, the coachman's story develops sequentially.

Genre- civic poetry.

Poetic size- a three-foot anapaest with alternating male and female rhymes and disordered rhyming.

Comparisons – “roars like crazy”, “like a chip is thin and pale”.

History of creation

When the young creator showed his criticism to Belinsky, already known at that time, he, moved, called him a “true poet”. Herzen considered this work excellent.

It was this work that marked a new stage in the creative development of Nekrasov, who moved from romanticism to realism and focused on civil lyrics.

Subject

Composition

The verse has a beginning and an ending, but, despite this, it is distinguished by a one-part composition.

Zachin is the request of the master to the coachman to entertain him with some story or song, to which he responds with complaints about his wife and explains what exactly caused his discontent.

Genre

This is one of the very first examples of Nekrasov's civil lyrics, which ardently denounces the unjust feudal system of Russia.

Due to the variety of types of rhyme, as well as the use of both male and female rhymes, Nekrasov manages to convey the liveliness of colloquial speech.

means of expression

Comparisons- “roars like crazy”, “like a chip is thin and pale.”
epithets- “daring coachman”, “recruitment set”, “master's house”, “noble manners”, “stern appearance”, “dashing woman”, “tireless work”, “drunken hand”, “persistent boredom”.

In his work, the famous poet Nikolai Nekrasov repeatedly addressed the problems and sufferings of the ordinary Russian people.

From childhood, he watched the cruel treatment of serfs by his father, a despotic and domineering man. Often got from him and his wife, the mother of the poet. These impressions were deposited in the memory and soul of Nikolai Alekseevich for the rest of his life and became an inexhaustible source for a large number of his works.

In 1845, young Nekrasov wrote a short poem "On the Road". It became his literary debut and immediately marked the theme that will forever remain the main one in his work.

"... You are a poet - and a true poet!"

It was with such enthusiastic words that the critic V. Belinsky addressed Nekrasov when he first heard "On the Road." “How much sorrow and bile ...”, - this is how he commented on the verse of the beginning poet in one of his conversations with I. Panaev. Immediately fell in love with the "excellent" work and

What did Nikolai Nekrasov, whose first collection "Dreams and Sounds" went practically unnoticed, deserve such a high rating?

Composition and genre

The poem is more reminiscent of a story about the unhappy life of a young peasant family. The tie is the master's complaint to the coachman about boredom. He asks to amuse himself with a daring song or a fable. “It’s not fun for me myself ...”, - with these words the driver N.A. Nekrasov begins his speech. On the way, he slowly talks about the fate of his wife, the "villain", who was brought up and lived for a long time in a manor house. Then sent to the village, where now she was on the edge of the grave. A sad story evokes a response from the master. "Well, ... enough ... Dispersed ... persistent boredom," - with these words the work ends.

So, instead of the traditional coachman's song, to the sound of sleigh bells, a monologue of a tormented heart sounds that wrings the soul. And his heroes are the victims of serfdom, which has existed in Rus' for centuries.

The main theme of the poem "On the road"

Nekrasov was always worried about the plight of the oppressed people. He was especially reverent about the bitter fate of a peasant woman who could endure a lot in her life. In the first serious poem, which was "On the Road", he tells about the unenviable lot of a serf girl, whose childhood and youth were spent in a manor house. It was a typical occurrence for that time. Moreover, quite often the illegitimate children of the landowner found themselves in this position. Their carefree and calm life almost always ended tragically, since for society they forever remained serfs. The feelings of the peasants (by birth), who turned out to be toys in the hands of the masters and ended up in an unaccustomed social environment, help to understand the analysis of the poem "On the Road".

Nekrasov about the education of the heroine

Pear for many years was a companion of the young lady. Together with her, she studied reading and science, sewing and playing musical instruments - i.e. everything that a secular lady should know and be able to do.

The husband describes her like this: “she had an imposing look” and good manners, so one might think that she was a “natural” young lady. Even the teacher alone wooed her (not a simple serf!), But something didn’t work out there: “I don’t need a hundred servants in the nobility.”

For the girl, everything changed in an instant: the young lady got married and left, and the landowner soon died, leaving Grusha an orphan. The young son-in-law, who entered into the inheritance, counted all the revisions. Replaced the corvee with quitrent. The pear, with which he did not agree, was sent to the village. So N. Nekrasov continues the verse "On the road" and the story about the fate of the heroine.

Village and marriage

“The girl howled,” says the coachman about the new life of his wife. It was hard for her, not accustomed to peasant labor. Any work was a burden - "it's a pity sometimes". But the coachman did not blame Grusha, he believed that "the gentlemen ruined her."

And the marriage of the girl was not a joy. They married according to the master's will - the time has come. So nothing pleased her in her new life. With strangers still "here and there", and, left alone, all the tears shed. So the soul of a person who is accustomed to living in completely different conditions, according to different moral laws, gradually perishes - an analysis of the poem “On the Road” leads the reader to such sad thoughts.

Nekrasov is not limited to describing the difficulties that have arisen in everyday life. He draws attention to one more side of peasant life, which is not at all like the aristocratic one.

The darkness and illiteracy of the people

The coachman is worried about another thing in the behavior of his wife. Often she looks at some kind of "patret", reads a book. He teaches his son to read and write, which is not accepted among the peasants - another destiny awaits him. And every day, like a young lady, she washes and scratches. Shearing, does not give a beat. “She will destroy her son too,” such a thought overcomes the coachman.

The author is concerned about something else. Uneducated, far from culture and any science, the husband is not able to understand Grusha, in which a noble upbringing and a book (for example, a writer can be depicted in the portrait) awakened a sensitive soul. This is what the verse “On the road” wants to draw attention to, how downtrodden a simple man really is. That is why Grusha cannot find a like-minded person in the new conditions - no one here understands her. As a result, her master, perhaps, who did not want anything bad, crippled the life of a young girl. Now she is languishing day by day, she has become “thin and pale like a chip”, she even walks, as if through strength. It looks like she doesn't have long to live. "And there would be a dashing woman!"

The fate of the coachman

It is not easy for the husband in this story. Married without consent. He does not understand Grusha, although, unlike many others, he felt sorry for his wife, did not scold him once again, even respected him. Almost did not beat - only in a drunken state. And in the future, widowhood and loneliness await him, which is not easy for a peasant with a little son in his arms to carry. And most importantly, there is no his fault in this whole story - he is the same as everyone else

Thus, the analysis of the poem "On the Road" (Nekrasov wrote in this connection: "Whatever life is, is a tragedy!") reveals the moral and social problems of serfdom. After all, the whim of the masters destroyed the life of more than one person.

means of expression

The poem "On the Road" is written in three-foot anapaest. This size, combined with the alleged clatter of hooves, resembles colloquial folk speech, which brings the coachman's story closer to a song that looks like a plaintive cry escaping from the depths of the soul. The monologue is made realistic and colorful by a special word order, a combination of double, cross and ring rhymes, colloquial words and expressions: bait, ali, know-de, patret, etc.

Meaning of the poem

An analysis of the poem "On the Road" leads to several conclusions. Nekrasov in it, even earlier than I. Turgenev with his "Notes of a Hunter", drew the attention of his contemporaries to the plight of the people. In the coachman's monologue, contrasting pictures of the life of the landowners and the serfs dependent on them clearly emerge. The worst thing here is that the owners treated their serfs like any other thing in the house. It was an undisguised denunciation of the slavery that existed in the country and an open protest against the established order.

A simple but true picture emerges with each new line in Nekrasov's On the Road. The theme stated in the poem - serfdom has neither conscience nor laws - overnight turned the novice poet into the best representative of the "natural school", which will soon establish itself in Russian literature and criticism.

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