Nikolai Nekrasov - listening to the horrors of war. Listening to the horrors of war Nekrasov listening to the horrors of war
Listening to the horrors of war
With each new victim of the battle
I feel sorry for not a friend, not a wife,
I feel sorry for the hero himself...
Alas! wife will be comforted
And the best friend will forget a friend;
But somewhere there is one soul -
She will remember to the grave!
Among our hypocritical deeds
And all the vulgarity and prose
Alone I spied in the world
Holy, sincere tears -
Those are the tears of poor mothers!
They can't forget their children
Those who died in the bloody field,
How not to raise a weeping willow
Of their drooping branches...
Analysis of the poem "Listening to the horrors of war" by Nekrasov
Russian poets of the 19th century did not often turn to the topic of military disasters. Russia throughout its history has been forced to wage constant wars. The main losses were borne by the peasant population, so the ruling class did not care too much about the people's grief. Nekrasov was one of the first to turn in his work to the suffering of the common people. He could not ignore the troubles caused by wars. A striking example was the poem "Listen to the horrors of war ..." (1855).
Nekrasov claims that any war brings great grief. He understands that it is inevitable. Friends of the victims, their wives and children suffer. But the poet is ready to come to terms with such losses. He does not even feel sorry for "the hero himself." He considers the inconsolable grief of mothers to be the most terrible. No victory can be justified by the loss of one's own son. Nekrasov believes that only mother's tears are the most "holy, sincere." Even the closest person will ever be able to forget about the deceased and start a new life. But a mother will always remember who she endured under her heart.
Every woman is first and foremost a mother. Its purpose and meaning of existence is the birth of a child. Thus, it supports life on the entire planet. This is the basic human law. People tend to self-destruct. Death in war is unnatural, so a loving mother will never put up with it.
Nekrasov was one of the first in Russian poetry to raise the question of the need for war. In his time, it was customary to sing of the victories of the Russian army. Experiences applied only to those people who performed a posthumous feat. The poet drew the attention of society to the evil that war brings to soldiers' mothers. Even nationwide rejoicing over the victory will not be able to drown out maternal grief.
Of particular importance is the time of creation of the poem. One could understand the sacrifices made during the Patriotic War of 1812, when all of Russia was under threat. But during this period, the Crimean War was going on, which was unpopular among the people. Even the soldiers themselves did not understand why they were dying.
The topic raised by Nekrasov received great development in subsequent years. Famous poets and writers often addressed her. It is relevant even today. Universal peace on Earth has not yet been achieved. Wars do not stop and continue to cause suffering to millions of mothers.
Nikolay Alekseevich Nekrasov
Listening to the horrors of war
With each new victim of the battle
I feel sorry for not a friend, not a wife,
I feel sorry for the hero himself...
Alas! wife will be comforted
And the best friend will forget a friend;
But somewhere there is one soul -
She will remember to the grave!
Among our hypocritical deeds
And all the vulgarity and prose
Alone I spied into the world
Holy, sincere tears -
Those are the tears of poor mothers!
They can't forget their children
Those who died in the bloody field,
How not to raise a weeping willow
Of their drooping branches...
Historically, it so happened that Russia throughout its history has constantly taken part in various military companies. However, the honor of the fatherland was defended not so much by eminent commanders as by ordinary peasants. Even after the abolition of serfdom, the term of soldier's service was 25 years. This meant that a young guy, called up as a soldier, returned home already an old man. Unless, of course, he managed to survive in a deadly battle with another external enemy of the Russian state.
Nikolai Nekrasov was born after Russia defeated the French in 1812. However, even from his family estate, peasants were constantly taken to military service. Many of them never returned home, remaining lying in the Caucasian steppes. From childhood, the poet saw how much grief the families brought the news that a father, son or brother died in another war. However, the future poet understood that time heals, and almost everyone soon comes to terms with such a loss, except for mothers, for whom the death of their own child is one of the most terrible and bitter trials.
In 1855, impressed by another trip to Nikolai Nekrasov's native estate, he wrote a poem "Listening to the horrors of war ...", in which he tried to morally support all mothers who, by the will of fate, lost their sons. Arguing on the theme of life and death, the poet writes that "with each new victim of the battle, I feel sorry for not a friend, not a wife, I do not feel sorry for the hero himself."
The author emphasizes that no matter how deep a spiritual wound is, sooner or later it will heal anyway. The widow will find solace in everyday chores, the children will grow up with the thought that their father knowingly gave his life for his homeland. However, the mothers of dead soldiers will never be able to cope with their all-consuming grief and come to terms with such a loss. “She will not forget to the grave!”, the poet notes, emphasizing that the tears of a mother who lost her son in the war are “holy” and “sincere”. Such women will never recover from the blow they received from fate, "how not to raise the weeping willow of its drooping branches."
Despite the fact that this poem was written a century and a half ago, it has not lost its relevance today. It is unlikely that Nekrasov could have imagined that even in the 21st century Russia would still be at war. However, he knew for sure that the only people who would always remember the dead warriors were their old mothers, for whom their sons would always remain the best.
If you carefully study the history of Russia, it will be obvious that the country is constantly involved in various wars. The burdens of wartime fall not so much on the shoulders of famous generals, but on the shoulders of the common people. Service in the tsarist army was indeed a heavy burden for most peasants. After all, it lasted 25 years. Nekrasov was born after the war of 1812, however, peasants were also taken to soldiers from his family estate. Most of them never returned home. Therefore, the main everyday hardships fell on the shoulders of their wives, families who were left without a breadwinner.
At the same time, war spares no one. Yes, of course, time heals, and wounds heal. But mothers will mourn their son who died in battle until the end of their lives. Therefore, it is so difficult to read the verse “Listening to the horrors of war” by Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich, because it reflected the grief of mothers who are unlikely to be able to recover from their grief. Widows will be comforted by household chores, and children will grow up, realizing that their father gave his life for his homeland. Despite the fact that almost half a century has passed since the creation of the work, the text of Nekrasov's poem "Listening to the horrors of war" has not lost its relevance today. Reading and learning it is given in the class at the lesson of literature. The poem can be downloaded in its entirety from our website.
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov himself was not in the war. Against his father's wishes, he abandoned his military career.The writer expressed his thoughts and attitude to life on the literary battlefield. The feelings that eyewitness accounts evoked in him were reflected in his personal works.
These works did not describe the battlefield, but no less reflected the suffering of the people. And the poem, “Listening to the horrors of war,” is written in such a way that it will remain relevant for any time, no matter how many years have passed since it was written.
The history of writing a poem
To this day, the question remains open in which code the work was written. Most writers tend to attribute it to 1855. But many believe that this is 1856, in which it immediately saw the light in the Sovremennik magazine.At that time, the Crimean War was going on and many representatives of the Russian nobility took part in it. So was at the forefront, a young talented author, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. Despite the horrors and hardships of the siege, in command of the battery, he found time to write his stories.
Being in Sevastopol for quite a long time, from November 1854 to August 1855, young Lev Nikolayevich managed to write three stories about his impressions. He combined them into one cycle "Sevastopol stories". These stories were quickly published in Sovremennik and were an unprecedented success. It can be said that Tolstoy consecrated and showed all the horrors, like a war correspondent. But the correspondent is not devoid of literary talent.
Of course, not only the impressions from the "Sevastopol Tales" helped to give birth to a small, but such a strong work as "Listening to the horrors of war."
Nikolai Alekseevich had his own opinion about the soldier's fate. His father was a military man. He himself spent his childhood close to peasant families and knew that soldiers were constantly taken from their estate to serve. Legislatively, men had to repay their debt to the fatherland for 25 years. After all, Russia constantly took part in military companies. And not everyone returned home.
When Nekrasov wrote his review of Leo Tolstoy's third story, Sevastopol in August 1855, he put it this way: “And how many tears will be shed and are already shed over poor Volodya! Poor, poor old women, lost in the unknown corners of vast Rus', unfortunate mothers of heroes who died in glorious defense! .. "
So, under the influence of a tense military situation, this poem appeared.
Listening to the horrors of war
With each new victim of the battle
I feel sorry for not a friend, not a wife,
I feel sorry for the hero himself...
Alas! wife will be comforted
And the best friend will forget a friend;
But somewhere there is one soul -
She will remember to the grave!
Among our hypocritical deeds
And all the vulgarity and prose
Alone I spied in the world
Holy, sincere tears -
Those are the tears of poor mothers!
They can't forget their children
Those who died in the bloody field,
How not to raise a weeping willow
Of their drooping branches...
Analysis of the poem
Nekrasov wrote this verse in the first person. The narrator seems to address the readers as friends, simply and clearly. Condemning the war, he involuntarily calls for empathy for everyone who was touched by this topic. And a special place is given to mothers.As a rule, the poet puts the main idea of the poem in its title. When there is no name, it is customary in literature to name a verse by its first line.
Very often, poets deliberately do not give names to their works, as if leaving the reader to make his own choice. In this case, the first line is universal, and it is impossible to more accurately and quickly immerse the reader in a short story about the horrors of war. This is probably why Nikolai Alekseevich did not give the verse a name.
The verse takes over from the first word. “Listening” means feeling in all possible ways: by hearing, seeing, thinking, penetrating into the very essence. "The Horrors of War" - each new victim is someone's life. The life of a Russian hero and defender.
Not only combat crews suffer from losses, everyone who knew the deceased hero suffers. Comrades in arms, for whom the military fraternity was a matter of honor. Those close to the hero suffer: wife, children, other relatives.
It is no coincidence that after the fourth line the poet puts an ellipsis. The narrator seems to offer to continue the list of possible relatives and friends, including the hero himself.
This is real philosophical thought. The writer does not blame anyone for the fact that over time people will forget about the grief that has befallen them - this is how a person works.
✔ Comrade warrior himself looks death in the face every day.
✔ A non-serving friend will grieve, but everyday bustle will erase the portrait of a former comrade in his memory.
✔ The wife, of course, will grieve in her own way. Probably, to remember the time that once united them into a family. But everyday worries about the house, about children will gradually blur the image of a loved one.
✔
Children may not remember their father at all, they may be proud of him.
And against the background of these blurry sorrows, the poet vividly draws an undisclosed image of the soul, which will remember everything to the grave. The narrator does not yet say who he is talking about, but the reader already understands everything.
The author chooses words that cannot leave indifferent. “Holy, sincere tears” - the tears with which mothers mourn their sons, saturate the whole story with deep sorrow. These tears are not exposed to the public. The writer "peeped" them. The mother will never recover from the grief that fell to her, "how not to raise the weeping willow of its drooping branches." Such a folklore comparison easily reveals the poet's intention. Willow is always associated by Russians with sadness, despair, melancholy, dejection. And Nekrasov, as a Russian person, took this comparison very well.
An extremely unusual metaphor is used by the author, at the end of the work: "a bloody field." Usually the word "field" is associated with creation, rebirth. After all, a field is a fertile land, carefully cultivated by a grain grower. A field is a large field that allows a person to feed. And the bloody field is also a huge field, only its image is not creative, but destructive. A field littered not with bread, but with corpses - that's what the narrator draws in the reader's imagination.
The main idea of the work
The main idea is a protest against war, a protest against death and human grief. This is a call for peace and humanism.
That is why the poem written more than 160 years ago remains relevant. We all sympathize with the relatives who lost their loved ones in any hostilities.
No matter how sacred the war is, it brings grief and tears, and the most bitter tears are the tears of a mother, for whom her son-hero remains just a child. It is the one that gives life, as no one understands its value.
Through sympathy for the mother, there should be a desire to act against military operations, violence, arbitrariness, terror.
The life of a poem in our time
Many talented composers were inspired by the heartfelt poems "Listening to the horrors of war", and at different times created songs and romances. One of the first was the Russian composer Caesar Antonovich Cui.Poems that are strong in content are written in such a way that they have a special melodiousness. This is facilitated by iambic tetrameter, and the alternation of masculine and feminine rhymes.
Some philharmonic choirs like to perform this piece.
To make sure that the verse lives a full life, it is enough to turn to the Internet. “Listening to the horrors of war” is read by kids, youth, adults, pensioners, ordinary readers and folk artists.
Often this verse can be heard in concert programs dedicated to the day of victory or the memory of heroes. As a rule, they read it in a quiet, soulful voice, against the background of calm lyrical music.
And each such reading is a tribute to the talent of the great poet, Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, who created a masterpiece that can touch the most delicate strings of the human soul.
Historically, it so happened that Russia throughout its history has constantly taken part in various military companies. However, the honor of the fatherland was defended not so much by eminent commanders as by ordinary peasants. Even after the abolition of serfdom, the term of soldier's service was 25 years. This meant that a young guy, called up as a soldier, returned home already an old man. Unless, of course, he managed to survive in a deadly battle with another external enemy of the Russian state.
Nikolai Nekrasov was born after Russia defeated the French in 1812. However, even from his family estate, peasants were constantly taken to military service. Many of them never returned home, remaining lying in the Caucasian steppes. From childhood, the poet saw how much grief the families brought the news that a father, son or brother died in another war. However, the future poet understood that time heals, and almost everyone soon comes to terms with such a loss, except for mothers, for whom the death of their own child is one of the most terrible and bitter trials.
Despite the fact that this poem was written a century and a half ago, it has not lost its relevance today. It is unlikely that Nekrasov could have imagined that even in the 21st century Russia would still be at war. However, he knew for sure that the only people who would always remember the dead warriors were their old mothers, for whom their sons would always remain the best.
Source:
“Listening to the horrors of war…” Nikolai Nekrasov
Listening to the horrors of war
With each new victim of the battle
I feel sorry for not a friend, not a wife,
I feel sorry for the hero himself...
Alas! wife will be comforted
And the best friend will forget a friend;
But somewhere there is one soul -
She will remember to the grave!
Among our hypocritical deeds
And all the vulgarity and prose
Alone I spied into the world
Holy, sincere tears -
Those are the tears of poor mothers!
They can't forget their children
Those who died in the bloody field,
How not to raise a weeping willow
Of their drooping branches...
Yakov Smolensky
Date of birth: February 28, 1920 - March 09, 1995
People's Artist of the RSFSR (1988).
Actor, reader, professor, full member of the Academy of Humanities. The interuniversity competition of readers at the Shchukin Theater School is named after him, participation in which opened the way to the theatrical world for many aspiring talented artists. After graduating from school, he entered the philological faculty of the Leningrad State University, which he did not have a chance to finish - the Great Patriotic War began. From the third year, Smolensky volunteered for the front, was seriously wounded, then - a hospital, blockade, evacuation in Omsk, where the Vakhtangov Theater was located at that time. There he entered the Shchukin School, after which he became an actor in the Vakhtangov Theater, where he worked for more than 10 years. It was then that Yakov Mikhailovich began to perform on the literary stage. 50 years of work at the Moscow State Philharmonic gave lovers of reading art a great many programs by Yakov Smolensky.
