Mayakovsky and his preschool works. Works by VV Mayakovsky (for children). Presentation. About great literature for little ones

Introduction. 3

1. Socio-political themes in "The Tale of Petya, the fat child, and Sim, who is thin." 4

2. Images of children in poetry. 7

3. The originality of the poetic manner, satire and humor, lyricism, a combination of game and didactic elements. 8

4. Practical task. A story about a poet, accessible to the perception of older preschoolers. eleven

Conclusion. 13

Literature. 14

Introduction

Mayakovsky's works for children are a major and unique phenomenon in literature.

Their originality lies in the fact that Mayakovsky, turning to children, did not renounce either the political nature of his works, or the high civic pathos. No one before Mayakovsky touched on the topics of modernity for children.

The struggle for realistic poetry for children, saturated with modernity, connected by the strongest threads with the life of the people, courage of thoughts and ardor of feelings - this is what, first of all, distinguishes the works of the poet.

"It is difficult to name any other works, in the 20s, equal to his poems in terms of the strength of the revolutionary impact on the broad masses of children, in terms of the strength of influence on the development of literature for children ...

A fairy tale from modern life and a pioneer song, political lyrics and satirical poems, a lyrical poem glorifying labor and everyday life of socialist construction, and stories in verse (about animals, about travel, on ethical topics), a journalistic essay and a feuilleton in verse - this is far from a complete list of topics and genres of works, publishing house of children's literature of the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR, 1961, p. 5).

Mayakovsky first turned to children's literature in 1918; the poem was written by him two weeks before his death.

Each new poem for children was a kind of declaration of an innovative poet. His "Children's" fell in love with young readers immediately. "His books are snatched up like water on a hot day ..." - testified "Vechernyaya Moskva" (1930, July 15).

It is characteristic that in "Children's" along with the heroes of the works, the image of a lyrical hero - a poet - also appears. He not only shows, but also explains life to children.

His "Children's" - Lyrical knowledge of life.

Children are the future of the country. The feeling of the rapid movement of life, the thirst for knowledge, activity, the passion of feelings and thoughts - this is the main thing that characterizes Mayakovsky's children's poems. The child feels like a master in the Nursery. He is on an equal footing with the lyrical hero - the poet. He seeks to imitate him, to act in the same way as the lyrical hero of the works. "Children's" is a multicolored, polyphonic world in which "all works are good."

For adults, Mayakovsky wrote "Good!" and "Bad" (under the latter title, one can conditionally combine all of his satire, including the plays "Bedbug" and "Bath"), and for children he writes "What is good and what is bad?".

When V.V. Mayakovsky (1893-1930) organized his literary exhibition "Twenty Years of Work", a significant place in it, along with works for adults, was occupied by books addressed to children. Thus, the poet emphasized the equal position of that part of the poetic work, which was carried out, as he put it, "for children." The first collection, conceived in 1918, but not completed, would have been called “For the Children”. The materials prepared for him convince us that Mayakovsky also strove to create a new revolutionary art for children, that the idea of ​​chamber "children's" themes was alien to him.

In the article “Uncle Mayakovsky did it,” M. Petrovsky rightly noted that “the main time in his poems is the future adult.” Hence the constant correlation of today's deed, today's character trait with what will be useful to the child as a person of the future. This feature makes Mayakovsky's works for children relevant even today, when there are no Nepmen, bourgeois and Burzhuychikovs. These characters belong to history in socio-political terms, and today - in moral and aesthetic terms. This aspect of Mayakovsky's poetry for children is becoming more and more effective.

"The Tale of Petya, the fat child, and Sim, who is thin" was written in 1925. This is the first children's work by Vladimir Mayakovsky. Once, in one of his early poems, the poet threw such a blasphemous phrase: “I love to watch how children die.”

We do not know what Mayakovsky was thinking when he wrote these words. Perhaps it meant that children should stop being children as soon as possible, grow up, turn into adults.

1. Social and political themes in "The Tale of Petya, the fat child, and Sim, who is thin."

Mayakovsky's poems for children are one of the brightest, most significant pages in Russian children's literature. Although he does not have so many children's works - a few poems, several songs for young pioneers, fairy tales in verse and a number of scripts for children's films - their significance is enormous. How can one explain the secret of V. V. Mayakovsky's popularity among his youngest readers and listeners? One of the reasons for this success is that the poet did not limit the content of his works to special "children's" themes, did not "forge" like a "kind uncle", who knows everything and understands everything. However, this is not the main point.

A writer who turns his work to children needs to have "a gracious, loving soul, an exalted, educated mind." These words belong to the great Russian critic, a deep connoisseur of child psychology V. G. Belinsky, and they contain the key to why the poet is so loved by young listeners. After all, Mayakovsky not only loved children - he knew their interests and concerns well, felt and subtly caught the demands of the “childish soul” and willingly responded to them. Back in 1918, V. Mayakovsky planned to publish a collection of poems called "For the Children." The poet failed to realize the plan, but the surviving materials of the collection clearly confirm the idea that for Mayakovsky there were no special "children's" themes, that children's literature, in his understanding, is the literature of big topics, closely connected with the social and political life of the country.

In this regard, The Tale of Petya, the fat child, and Sim, who is thin (1925), is of great interest. In fact, this is the first work of the poet written specifically for children, but the denunciation of the disgusting essence of philistinism, philistinism, contained in it, on the one hand, and the assertion of new human relations born in October, on the other, bring him closer to a number of poems about NEP, class struggle, addressed directly to the adult reader. Mayakovsky very skillfully introduces the child into the world of class relations, which is difficult for him. The poet begins the poem in the rhythm of a rhyme familiar to the child:

• Lived once
• Sima with Petya. Sima with Petya
• there were children. Pete 5,
• and Sime 7 - and 12 together for everyone.

K. I. Chukovsky writes, emphasizing this feature of the beginning of the “Fairy Tale”: “You read these lines and involuntarily make the same gestures that every child makes before the start of the game, pronouncing a rhyme among five or six of his peers.” And then the image of a bourgeois is immediately given - Petya's father. Consciously enlarging, exaggerating certain aspects of the character of this character, the poet at the same time strives to ensure that the image does not lose its specificity, does not violate the ideas of good and evil familiar to children:

• Petya's dad and, as an important gentleman,
• was important: in the whole house
• lived alone in a five-story house.

This description made the image of the bourgeois concrete, more clearly emphasized the essence of his nature as an owner, a Nepman. The second part introduces the child to the world he knows, which he loves and appreciates: Sima’s father is a “spoilt blacksmith”, a strongman (“he raises a pood with his finger at any moment”), and most importantly, “Simin’s dad is smarter than everyone, he is everything in the world.” can." Mayakovsky, as it were, “isolates” such artistic details that make the images of Sima and the father very close to the children: on the table they have cabbage soup and porridge, tea in a colorful mug (“the workers have no money”). It becomes clear and further opposition: “rubbish and Petya and parents; their general appearance is disgusting,” but “Sima is clean, cleaner than soap, he washed himself, and mom washed. Sima looks strong, radiates, breathing with joy. Therefore, such a contrast is necessary in order for children to understand the social reason for these differences: the children of working people cannot, do not have the right to be different, because they are "proletarians."

Animals actively intervene in the further development of events in the fairy tale: they deal with Petya, the “glutton”, “the oppressor of animals”, help Sima, give him gifts. Due to the mistake of the postman, Petya (his policeman sent his parents by mail) gets into the store, swallows first everything edible, and then scales, weights and cabinets; finally, it bursts with an effort, and everything swallowed flies to the feet of the Octobrists, who sat down and ate all the food with delight. The tale ends with the poet's address to the children:

• Love, children, work - as it is written here. Protect
• all who are weak, from the bourgeois paws. Here you grow up

It is important that Mayakovsky does not look like this appeal as a boring moralizing, because the children were already prepared for it by the development of all the events in the fairy tale. As noted above, as the main poet uses the techniques of contrast and hyperbolization of the actions and actions of the characters. Particular attention should be paid to the role of artistic detail in the poem. Mayakovsky perfectly knows the reader, his interests, life experience. It was from here that such finds were “born” as “one hundred baskets are carried by the servant” (children most often express the idea of ​​plurality with the number 100), “he will eat and wave his hand to his mother” (a characteristic childish gesture), Petya’s father “traded sweets in the shop” ( in children, the idea of ​​well-being in the family is associated with the presence or absence of sweets), Sima's father "found the wheel and is happy - he made Sima a scooter" (a favorite children's toy).

It should also be noted that the first two parts of the tale are devoid of action, they are static: it is important for the poet that young readers understand the essence of the characters of the fathers Petya and Sima, this prepares them for the perception of those extraordinary events that will occur in the following chapters. Events take on a special dynamism from the moment when Petya Burzhuychikov, throwing a puppy, bloodied his “nose and four knees”: Suddenly, out of nowhere, a hundred crows fly down. All grinning, the jackal strode from behind the forest. Using the traditional forms of a folk tale, Mayakovsky castigates in the eyes of children that alien to the new society that was left to him "inherited" from bourgeois life and morality. At the same time, very naturally, without falling into edification, he affirms the new that the revolution brought with it, glorifies labor aimed at the good of society, humanity, the greatness of true friendship, collectivism.

Mayakovsky's works for children are a major and unique phenomenon in literature.

Their originality lies in the fact that Mayakovsky, turning to children, did not renounce either the political nature of his works, or the high civic pathos.

No one before Mayakovsky touched on the topics of modernity for children.

The struggle for realistic poetry for children, saturated with modernity, connected by the strongest threads with the life of the people, courage of thoughts and ardor of feelings - this is what, first of all, distinguishes the works of the poet.

For the first time, Mayakovsky turned to children's literature in 1918. At a meeting of the commission of the department of fine arts of the People's Commissariat of Education, he made a report on the program for the production of illustrated publications, including an illustrated collection of his poems for children.

Mayakovsky wrote more than 20 works for children. Among them are poems, songs, a fairy tale in verse, a poetic feuilleton. The poet created several scripts for children's films. He was a contributor to Pionerskaya Pravda, Pioneer magazine, and Hedgehog. In the conditions of an acute ideological struggle of the 1920s, Mayakovsky defended the theme of modernity and new heroes in poetry for children, against the vulgarity and vulgarity of this topic. He defended the right to the existence of a new modern literary fairy tale, modern poetry for children. Turning to the young reader, the poet sought to give him a new ideal, to debunk and ridicule the old, to present labor in a new way and to bring to the consciousness of children that the value of a person is determined by labor. According to the poet, he wanted to "acquaint children with new concepts, with new approaches to things."

His first work for toddlers was The Tale of Petya the Fat Child and Sim the Thin One (1925).

In 1925, the poet also wrote another work - “We Walk”, which is thematically and in terms of problems adjacent to “The Tale of Petya and Sima”. In the same year, Mayakovsky wrote a story in verse for kids, “What is good and what is bad?”. The poem "Whatever the page is, then an elephant, then a lioness" was published in 1926. It is written in a genre that has long been a success with the reader - a child, especially a child of preschool age. This is a genre of poetic popist, or, as it is also called, captions for a picture. Books - pictures with poetic signatures are very common in preschool literature.

To achieve true artistry, a poetic signature must perform at least two functions: first, be concise; secondly, as Chukovsky put it, graphic, that is, to provide material for the artist's creative imagination. Indeed, in this genre, the unity of text and drawing has the utmost sharpness.

Mayakovsky managed not only to master this genre of children's books, but also to update it, improve it not only in the field of content, but in forms.

“Whatever the page is, then an elephant, then a lioness” is a plot poem, united by a common theme - a trip to the zoo. Poetic captions-explanations are full of cunning, brilliant imagination, deep powers of observation: “This is a zebra. Well, chick! More striped than a mattress” They are laconic: only a few lines in each, but they create the appearance, the habits of animals that remain in the memory of the child.

1926-1929 - the years of Mayakovsky's fruitful writing work for children. He manages to write three or four poems a year about the heroism of the struggle against the elements (“This little book is mine about the seas and about the lighthouse”, 1926). about different countries of the world (“Read and ride to Paris and China”, 1927), about a working man (“Horse-Fire”, 1927), about the choice of a profession by youth (“Whom to be?”, 1928)

Most of Mayakovsky's children's works are based on social problems. And the most important among them is the problem of labor. In various aspects, the poet returns to it again and again. By means of satire, he fights ignorance, laziness and parasitism in the poem "The Story of Vlas - a lazy and lazy person" (1926).

M. has pioneering poems and songs: “Let's take new rifles” (1927), “May Song” (1929), “Song of Lightning” (1929) - the first works created for children in the genre of political lyrics.

The genres of Mayakovsky's children's poems are diverse: a fairy tale, a poem, a song, a poetic story, etc.

With the advent of Mayakovsky's poems for children, criticism reacted to them differently. There were also enthusiastic responses about works unprecedented in children's literature, but there were also negative ones, sharply condemning the performances of critics. The years that have passed since then have fully shown the innovation of Mayakovsky's children's poetry, and the fact that not all of his poems for children have stood the test of time. And the poet himself knew that not all of his works “would remain alive for children forever, because, according to the very nature of his soul, he could not remove themes, avoid the signs of the time,” which were important when poetry was written, but lost their sharpness as social development developed. political life of the country.

Works for children helps to teach the child good qualities, skills, explains any things from the point of view of children. A huge number of the most diverse works and fairy tales have been created that have a beneficial educational effect on the child. In this article, we will analyze the verse, what is good, what is bad, in which its author Vladimir Mayakovsky explained very clearly. Contrast in Literature There is a kind of contrast when one concept can be perceived by a person only if it is compared with another concept. The main examples of such a contrast are black and white, good and evil. You can endlessly give examples, but we think that the essence is clear. Many works and poems are often built on the same contrast in literature. "What is good and what is bad?" is one of those works. It clearly contrasts the concept of "good" and the concept of "bad", this allows the child to quickly understand and realize the thoughts of the writer that he wants to convey to him. Everyone knows that a child should receive knowledge from literature .. The most famous works of M. - "Who to be?" and “What is good and what is bad?” Analysis of the poem The author tells the story on behalf of the father, to whom his little son came and asked the question, in fact, what is good and what is bad? Thus, the story begins on behalf of the boy's father, who explains to his child on the example of contrast about good and bad. You can often see morality in fables, but sometimes it is difficult for an adult to understand it, and even more so for a child. Therefore, the author reveals morality with the help of ordinary life situations. First, in the poem, Mayakovsky shows what is good and what is bad, using the example of weather conditions. In the following quatrains, the author talks about boys and gives them definitions - “good” or “bad”. Mayakovsky also explains to children the importance of personal hygiene - if the child has dirt on his face, a pig will grow out of his son, if the son is a pig. The author shows that the child should be hardworking, bold, this is clearly seen in the quatrains about the crow and the little one, about the little book and the ball. Peculiarities of Mayakovsky's creativity In all of Vladimir Mayakovsky's poems, one can trace some features of the Soviet era, for example, the Octobrists who say "bad boy." With it, parents can easily explain to children about the good and the bad. At the end of the poem, the baby made the right choice - he will do well, it will not be bad.

L Kassil About Vladimir Mayakovsky 5
What is good and what is bad
May song 27
Every page is an elephant, a lioness 33
Tuchkin things 49
Walking 53
Let's take new rifles 69
Horse-fire 77
We are waiting for you, comrade bird, why are you not flying? 89
This little book is mine about the seas and about the lighthouse 95
Who to be? 105

ABOUT VLADIMIR MAYAKOVSKY

The poems that are printed in this book were written for you guys by an amazing poet. Everyone should know him. Wherever a person is born, in whatever country he grows up, these verses will be very useful to him in life.
That is how it is. All over the world they know about Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky.
Even in those days when workers, peasants, soldiers and sailors with rifles in their hands went to the decisive battle for Soviet power, they were already singing a fervent and cheerful song that Mayakovsky came up with:

Eat pineapples, chew grouse,
Your last day is coming, bourgeois.

Bourgeois at that time was called the rich, the capitalists.
Mayakovsky wrote about the revolution and about Lenin. And about how our people defended their freedom, how they built a new life. And about those who interfered with building this life. Mayakovsky managed to write about many things, although he himself did not live long.
Mayakovsky's poems delighted the hearts of millions of people who began to live in a new way, as Lenin taught. And for the enemies
ours they seemed formidable and terrible. Abroad, far from Soviet land, there was even such a fairy tale about Mayakovsky that, they say, an extraordinary hero, a giant poet, lives in the Land of Soviets. This giant stands on the captain's bridge of a red ship, reads his poems - and you can hear him far from the sea, on all other warships, and the enemy's red sailors are driven away from our shores.
Well, a fairy tale is a fairy tale, but there is a lot of truth here. Because Mayakovsky was really a giant in appearance. Huge growth, broad shoulders, heroic posture. He was a very handsome and powerful man, our beloved poet Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky! And his voice sounded with extraordinary power and beauty. Thousands of people listened for hours as he read in large halls, and sometimes in the stadium, his poems. And each line for a long time sunk into the soul. Because Mayakovsky wrote about the most important, the most dear to us.
This huge man, formidable to enemies, knew how to be very gentle and affectionate when he spoke with friends. He found for those whom he loved such good, cherished words both in life and in poetry that they made the heart merry and it seemed as if the most severe clouds dispersed and the sun began to shine even brighter.
Mayakovsky was an extremely witty man. He liked to invent funny words when he wanted to play a trick on his comrades, and he always found a well-aimed answer to the most unexpected questions. No one could ever make Mayakovsky confused, embarrassed.
Once he was walking along one of the Zamoskvoretsky lanes, and the boys, seeing that such a giant was walking along their street, shouted after him, as they usually tease too tall people:
- Uncle! Get the sparrow!
Mayakovsky stopped at once, looked around, looked down at the guys over his broad shoulder, and very politely, quite seriously asked:
- Don't you want an eagle?
And the boys were taken aback ... They thought to tease the person, but they themselves got into a mess.
Of course, Mayakovsky joked with the guys when he offered them to get an eagle. But in this joke, it had a very good effect.
Mayakovsky's character: he was always ready not only to respond to the request of the guys, but, as they say, to overfulfill it. And, talking with his little friends, he always tried to make close to them the thoughts and feelings of the high eagle flight. Yes, if you really get it from the sky, then it’s not a sparrow, but an eagle! ..
Although Mayakovsky was busy from morning till night with enormous work - he composed poems for books, for newspapers, drew posters, wrote plays for the theater, invented pictures for cinema, spoke to readers - he still found time to write for the guys. Perhaps, few people knew how to talk so cheerfully, intelligently and in a friendly way with the kids, as Mayakovsky did. He sincerely loved and respected his little readers very much. He wrote for them as if in jest, so that it would not be boring to read, but in fact he spoke seriously about very important things that everyone who wants to grow up to be a good and happy person should do.
He helped the little ones understand "what is good and what is bad", invented funny books, where "every page is an elephant, then a lioness." Reading this book is like being in a zoo. And about a lot more, funny and serious, necessary and important, Mayakovsky was able to tell the guys
And so that the verses sounded good and accurate, so that it was convenient to read them aloud, he came up with a special way to print them. Almost all the poems for both adults and children Mayakovsky wrote not in a line, but with a ladder:
Here
So,
so that, while reading, you can rely on each line-step with your voice.
So read it yourself or ask the elders to read aloud what the giant poet wrote for you, kids. And you will be friends with him too.

Vladimir Mayakovsky is one of the first poets who developed the theme of modernity in children's poems with everyday examples. His works are not alien to civil pathos and political character. The reader not only enjoys the magical world of rhyme created by the author, but also learns about the reality surrounding him. Simplicity, originality and the childish style of the verse still do not leave anyone indifferent.

1. "What is good and what is bad?". Perhaps the most famous children's poem by Mayakovsky tells of a conversation between a father and his son. The boy asks a question, derived in the title of the work, and the parent, using examples, explains the crumbs about good and bad. He talks about the weather, hygiene, attitude towards the defenseless, cowardice and courage ... After listening to the advice of his father, the child realizes that from childhood a person should try not to be a “pig”, so that when he grows up, he will not become a “pig”. For your own good, you should be good, not bad. Read the poem...
2. "Who to be?". When raising a child, it is important to set him up for a definition in the professional future. Mayakovsky, on behalf of a teenager, provides a choice for young readers. Each profession is better than the other, and each can be enjoyed. Whether it is a carpenter, a doctor or a sailor, the hero emphasizes their benefit to society and is imbued with a desire to master this or that skill, if only he was taught how to work. Read the poem...
3. "Read and roll to Paris and China." Vladimir Mayakovsky traveled abroad almost every year, since 1922, and considered communication with people from different countries a substitute for reading books. He even twice was going to go around the world. In a children's poem, he realizes his desire by visiting France, America, Japan, China and returning to Moscow. The poet himself alludes to the proverb: “Away is good, but home is better,” describing the foreign world, strange to him. The earth begins with the Kremlin, and after 15 days the guys are already in the capital of the Soviet Union. To the surprise of the outcome of the adventure, Mayakovsky compares the planet with a ball in the boy's hand.
4. "This little book is mine about the seas and about the lighthouse." In this poem, the motif of a person's struggle with the elements slowly turns into a message to help people. Uncle Mayakovsky, using the example of a lighthouse keeper, calls to work for the benefit of society. Often, the life of those “who cannot swim at night” depends on one worker watching the light on the shore of the bay. The tragic scenes of a shipwreck are being eliminated by the work of one man who is seemingly incapable of saving the entire ship on his own. Read the poem...
5. "The story of Vlas - lazy and lazy." The speaking surname of Vlas Progulkin hints at the main idea of ​​the poem. Here is a satire on a lazy schoolboy who liked to read a magazine instead of going to bed, and then was late for classes and skipped them. From an average hater of painful school years, a drunkard fired from his job has grown. From a small flaw, a big problem is born, not only for Vlas himself, but also for the people around him. In a language accessible to children, the author warns the reader against laziness and recalls the importance of education.
6. “Whatever the page, then an elephant, then a lioness.” Humor, imagination and conciseness - this is what is needed for the genre of poetic captions for drawings. In addition, the artist must easily understand the idea of ​​the poet. And Mayakovsky does an excellent job with this genre. Childish spontaneity and attention to bright details help him take a childish look at the animal world. Pointing to the size of elephants, he adds: “For such a small page, they gave a whole spread,” and, speaking of the funny look of a monkey, he compares it with a man.
7. "Tuchkin things." Another poem that reflects the child's ability to imagine. The clouds in the eyes of the lyrical hero turn into people, camels and elephants, and the sun into a yellow giraffe. Comparisons, epithets and personifications give life to the silent landscape. Clouds get scared, run, show curiosity. Oddly enough, the work was written in 1917, at the height of the revolution, for which the rebel poet was even criticized. Unlike many of Mayakovsky's works, there is no special message here, a call to action, but simply the impression of a person looking into the sky is conveyed.
8. "Song-lightning". We must not forget that Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky is a poet of the revolution. Pioneers are often mentioned among children's poems. The poem "Lightning Song" was first published under the title "Forward" in connection with the First All-Union Pioneer Rally in Moscow. When the poet read it to the pioneers, he announced the work under a new name, which was assigned to him. The author calls the republic the mother, the working class the father, and the VKP (All-Union Communist Party) the leader. The revolutionary pathos fully corresponds to the main thrust of Mayakovsky's lyrics. Read the poem...
9. "Aviachastushki". The poem was written in honor of the creation of a powerful Soviet air fleet. The lyrical hero is a pilot who overtakes any bird and fights fires and locusts. Man rises above nature and flies through the clouds. Chastushkas are really written in a cheerful manner, as if the pilot is teasing everyone he manages to overtake. Technological progress has brought man to the ability to fly, which is the dream of every child. Read the poem...
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