Complivit Aqua D3. Instructions for the use of vitamin D3 - indications and dosage, which products contain and contraindications Vit d 3

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The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!

General characteristics of vitamin D

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble compound - cyclic unsaturated high molecular weight alcohol ergosterol, which has antirachitic activity. Vitamin D is often referred to simply as an anti-rachitic factor because it is essential for proper bone growth and formation.

Since vitamin D is soluble in fats, it is able to accumulate in the human body in the cells of various organs. The largest amount of vitamin D accumulates in the subcutaneous adipose tissue and liver. Due to the ability to accumulate in the human body, there is always a certain depot of vitamin D, from which this compound is consumed in case of insufficient intake with food. That is, against the background of insufficient intake from food, vitamin D deficiency develops over a long period of time, until its reserves in the depot are used up.

The ability to dissolve in fats causes the possibility of excessive accumulation of vitamin A when it enters the human body in large quantities. With the accumulation of a high concentration of vitamin D in the blood and tissues of the body, hypervitaminosis develops, which, like hypovitaminosis, leads to impaired functioning of various organs and tissues.

This means that vitamin D must be supplied to the body in strictly defined, optimal doses, since both its excess and deficiency are harmful. You can not take vitamin D in large quantities, as this will lead to hypervitaminosis. And also you can not consume a small amount of vitamin D, as this will provoke its deficiency or hypovitaminosis.

Also, vitamin D prevents muscle weakness, improves immunity, ensures normal blood clotting and optimal functioning of the thyroid gland. According to experimental studies, calciferol helps to restore nerve cells and nerve fibers, thereby reducing the rate of progression of multiple sclerosis. In addition, vitamin D is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and heart rate.

With the external use of vitamin D preparations, the scaly skin in people suffering from psoriasis is reduced.

The norm of vitamin D for consumption and content in the body

The recommended daily dosage of vitamin D for people of different ages is as follows:

• Adult women and men over 15 years old - 2.5 - 5.0 mcg (100 - 200 IU);
• Pregnant women - 10 mcg (400 IU);
• Nursing mothers - 10 mcg (400 IU);
• Elderly people over 60 years old - 10 - 15 mcg (400 - 600 IU);
• Infants under one year old - 7.5 - 10.0 mcg (300 - 400 IU);
• Children 1 - 5 years old - 10 mcg (400 IU);
• Children 5 - 13 years old - 2.5 mcg (100 IU).

Currently, micrograms (mcg) or international units (IU) are used to indicate the content of vitamin D in food. In this case, one international unit corresponds to 0.025 µg. Accordingly, 1 μg of vitamin D is equal to 40 IU. These ratios can be used to convert units of measurement to each other.

The list shows the optimal dosages of daily intake of vitamin D, which replenish its reserves and are not capable of provoking hypervitaminosis. Safe from the point of view of the development of hypervitaminosis is the use of no more than 15 micrograms of vitamin D per day. This means that the maximum allowable dosage of vitamin D, which will not lead to hypervitaminosis, is 15 micrograms per day.

Increasing the dose above the recommended optimal values ​​is necessary for people who have an increased need for vitamin D, such as:

• Living in northern latitudes with short daylight hours or polar night;
• Living in regions with a highly polluted atmosphere;
• Night shift work;
• Bedridden patients who are not on the street;
• People suffering from chronic diseases of the intestines, liver, gallbladder and kidneys;
• Pregnant and lactating mothers.

In the blood, the normal content of vitamin D 2 is 10 - 40 mcg / l and D 3 - also 10 - 40 mcg / l.

Symptoms of deficiency and excess of vitamin D

Due to the possibility of accumulation of vitamin D in the human body, both its deficiency and excess may appear. A lack of vitamin D is called hypovitaminosis or deficiency, and an overabundance is called hypervitaminosis or overdose. Both hypovitaminosis and hypervitaminosis D cause disruption of various tissue organs, provoking a number of diseases. Therefore, vitamin D should not be consumed in large quantities, so as not to provoke an overdose.

Vitamin D deficiency

Lack of vitamin D leads to a decrease in the absorption of calcium from food, as a result of which it is washed out of the bones and stimulates the production of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands. Against this background, hyperparathyroidism is formed, in which the leaching of calcium from the bones increases. Bones lose strength, bend, unable to withstand the load, and a person develops various violations of the normal structure of the skeleton, which are manifestations of rickets. That is, lack of vitamin D is manifested by rickets.

Symptoms of vitamin D deficiency (rickets) in children:

• Delayed teething;
• Delayed closure of fontanelles;
• Softening of the bones of the skull, against which the flattening of the occipital lobes occurs with the simultaneous formation of bone growths in the region of the frontal and parietal tubercles. As a result of such processes, a person's head becomes square, which persists for life and is a sign of rickets suffered in childhood;
• Deformation of the bones of the face, as a result of which a saddle nose and a high gothic sky can form;
• Curvature of the legs according to the type of the letter "O" (popularly this condition is called "legs with a wheel");
• Deformation of the pelvic bones;
• Thickening of the ends of the tubular bones, as a result of which the knee, elbow, shoulder and ankle and finger joints become large and protruding. Such protruding joints are called rickety bracelets;
• Thickening of the ends of the ribs, which leads to the formation of protruding large joints at the junction of the rib bones with the sternum and spine. These protruding junctions of the ribs with the sternum and spine are called rachitic rosaries;
• Chest deformity (chicken breast);
• Sleep disturbance;

After elimination of vitamin D deficiency, sleep disturbances, irritability and sweating disappear, bone strength is restored, and the level of calcium and phosphorus in the blood gradually returns to normal. However, bone deformities (for example, a saddle nose, chicken breast, curvature of the legs, a square shape of the skull, etc.), which have already formed during the period of vitamin D deficiency, will not be corrected when the vitamin D deficiency is eliminated, but will remain for life and will be a sign rickets suffered in childhood.

Symptoms of vitamin D deficiency (rickets) in adults are:

• The development of osteomalacia, that is, bone thinning, from which calcium salts are washed out, which give strength;
• Osteoporosis;
• Burning sensation in the mouth and throat;

All disorders that have arisen in adults against the background of vitamin D deficiency completely disappear after the normalization of the intake of calciferol in the body.

Vitamin D overdose

An overdose of vitamin D is a very dangerous condition, since in this case there is an intensive absorption of calcium from food, which is sent to all organs and tissues, being deposited in them in the form of solid salts. The deposition of salts causes calcification of organs and tissues that cease to function normally. In addition, excess calcium in the blood provokes severe disorders of the heart and nervous system, manifested by micronecrosis and arrhythmias. The clinical symptoms of vitamin D overdose depend on its degree. Currently, there are three degrees of vitamin D overdose, characterized by the following clinical manifestations:

I degree of hypervitaminosis D- mild poisoning without toxicosis:

• sweating;
• Irritability;
• Sleep disturbance;
• Delayed weight gain;
• Thirst (polydipsia);
• A large amount of urine more than 2.5 liters per day (polyuria);
• Pain in joints and muscles.

II degree of hypervitaminosis D- moderate poisoning with moderate toxicosis:

• Anorexia;
• Periodic vomiting;
• Decrease in body weight;
• Tachycardia (palpitations);
• Muffled heart sounds;
• systolic murmur;
• Increased levels of calcium, phosphates, citrates, cholesterol and total protein in the blood (hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperproteinemia);
• Decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase in the blood (AP).

III degree of hypervitaminosis D- severe poisoning with severe toxicosis:

• Persistent vomiting;
• Severe weight loss;
• Low muscle mass (hypotrophy);
• lethargy;
• Low mobility (hypodynamia);
• Periods of marked anxiety;
• Periodic convulsions;
• High blood pressure;
• Muffled heart sounds;
• systolic murmur;
• expansion of the heart;
• Attacks of arrhythmia;
• ECG abnormalities (widening of the QRS complex and shortening of the ST interval);
• Pale skin and mucous membranes;
• Cold hands and feet;
• Dyspnea;
• Pulsation of the vessels in the neck and in the region of the stomach;
• Increased levels of calcium, phosphates, citrates, cholesterol and total protein in the blood (hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperproteinemia);
• Decreased levels of magnesium in the blood (hypomagnesemia);
• Decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase in the blood (AP);
• Complications in the form of bacterial infections (for example, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, myocarditis, pancreatitis);
• CNS depression up to coma.

Treatment of vitamin D overdose

If there are signs of an overdose of vitamin D, you should immediately begin to take measures to accelerate the removal of the substance from the body. The process of eliminating excess vitamin D is considered a treatment for hypervitaminosis D, which is as follows:
1. With a mild degree of poisoning, give a person inside vaseline oil, which will reduce the absorption of vitamin D residues present in the intestines. To restore the normal structure of cells as soon as possible and reduce the penetration of calcium into tissues, a person is given vitamin E and A. In order to accelerate the removal of excess calcium, Furosemide is used, and Asparkam or Panangin are used to compensate for losses of potassium and magnesium;
2. With an average degree of poisoning, a person is given vaseline oil, vitamins E and A, Furosemide, Asparkam or Panangin. Verapamil is added to these drugs (eliminates excess calcium deposition in tissues), Etidronate (reduces calcium absorption from the intestines), Phenobarbital (accelerates the conversion of vitamin D into inactive forms);
3. In severe overdose of vitamin D, all drugs used to treat moderate poisoning are administered intravenously. In addition to these drugs, if necessary, glucocorticoids, saline, Calcitrin and Trisamine are administered.

In case of violations of the heart (arrhythmia, shortness of breath, palpitations, etc.) or the central nervous system (lethargy, coma, convulsions, etc.) against the background of an overdose of vitamin D, it is necessary to administer phosphate salt preparations, for example, In-fos, Hyper-fos-K, etc. .

Overdose and deficiency of vitamin D (rickets) in children: causes, symptoms, treatment, answers to questions - video

Vitamin D - indications for use

Vitamin D is indicated for therapeutic or prophylactic use. Prophylactic intake of vitamin D is to prevent rickets in children and vitamin deficiency in adults. Therapeutic intake of vitamin D is carried out as part of the complex therapy of various diseases, accompanied by a violation of the structure of bones and a low level of calcium in the blood. Preventive and therapeutic intake of vitamin D differs only in dosages, otherwise it is carried out according to the same rules. So, for prevention, calciferol preparations should be taken at 400-500 IU (10-12 mcg) per day, and for treatment at 5000-10000 IU (120-250 mcg) per day.

Vitamin D is indicated for use in the following conditions and diseases:

• Hypovitaminosis D (rickets) in children and adults;
• broken bones;
• Slow fusion of bones;
• Osteoporosis;
• Low levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood;
• Osteomyelitis (inflammation of the bone marrow);
• Osteomalacia (softening of the bones);
• Hypoparathyroidism or hyperparathyroidism (insufficient or excessive amounts of parathyroid hormones);
• Systemic lupus erythematosus;
• Chronic atrophic gastritis;
• Chronic enteritis of any etiology, including celiac disease, Whipple's disease, Crohn's disease, radiation enteritis;
• Chronic pancreatitis;
• Tuberculosis;
• Hemorrhagic diathesis;
• Psoriasis;
• Muscular tetany;
• Menopausal syndrome in women.

Vitamin D for a newborn - should I give it?

Currently, the question of whether to give vitamin D to a newborn child is causing widespread debate in society. Someone thinks that this is necessary, referring to the long experience of mothers, grandmothers and "experienced" pediatricians, who have been working for more than one year. And someone says that this is not necessary, because the child receives all the necessary vitamins from milk. In fact, these are two radical, completely opposite positions, neither of which is correct. Consider when a child needs to be given vitamin D to prevent rickets.

If the child is at least 0.5 - 1 hour a day on the street and is exposed to direct sunlight, while being completely breastfed, and the mother eats fully, then vitamin D is not needed. In this case, the child will receive part of vitamin D from mother's milk, and the missing amount is synthesized in his skin under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. It should be remembered that a mother's nutritious diet is such a diet in which she necessarily consumes vegetables and fruits every day, and meat, fish, eggs and dairy products at least one day a week. And a child’s walk means his stay on the street, under the sun, and not several hours spent in a closed stroller, walled up from the outside world.

If the child is mixed-fed, regularly goes outside, and the mother eats well, then he also does not need to give vitamin D, since modern baby food contains all the necessary vitamins and minerals in the right amount.

If the child is completely artificially fed using modern mixtures, then he does not need to give vitamin D, under any circumstances, even if he practically does not walk. This is due to the fact that in modern mixtures there are all the vitamins and trace elements necessary for the growth and development of the child in sufficient quantities.

If the child is breast-fed or mixed-fed, rarely goes outside without being exposed to solar radiation, and the mother is malnourished, then vitamin D should be given. You also need to give vitamin D if the child is artificially fed not with modern mixtures, but, for example, cow, goat or donor milk, etc.

Thus, vitamin D should be given to newborns only in the following cases:
1. The breastfeeding mother is malnourished.
2. Artificial feeding is carried out not with modern mixtures, but with donor milk of various origins.
3. The child is outside less than half an hour a day.

In principle, in modern conditions of a temperate climate, the need for additional intake of vitamin D by newborns under one year old is very rare, since the nutrition of nursing mothers and the availability of modern, nutrient-rich formulas for baby food have completely eliminated the problem of calciferol deficiency. It should be remembered that the mandatory intake of vitamin D by newborns for the prevention of rickets was introduced more than 40 years ago, when nursing mothers did not always eat well, worked overtime in difficult conditions of factory shops, and there were simply no infant formulas, and “artists” were fed with donor milk, which was necessarily boiled, which means that the vitamins in it turned out to be destroyed. Therefore, in the then existing conditions, vitamin D was a necessity for almost all newborns. Today, conditions have changed and all babies do not need the vitamin. Therefore, it should only be taken when needed.

Vitamin D for children

Vitamin D should be given to children if they are not in the sun for at least one hour a day, do not eat meat at least twice a week and do not eat animal products (butter, sour cream, milk, cheeses, etc.) daily. You can also give vitamin D if you notice that the child has an O- or X-shaped curvature of the legs and a saddle nose is forming. In all other cases, the child does not need to take vitamin D, with the exception of serious diseases, when it is prescribed by a doctor as part of complex therapy.

Vitamin D in summer

In the summer, if a person is in the sun and consumes animal products at least once a week, then you do not need to take vitamin D, regardless of age. At the same time, exposure to the sun means being outdoors in a small amount of clothing (open T-shirts, short shorts, skirts, dresses, swimwear, etc.) under direct sunlight. Such a stay on the street for half an hour in the summer is enough for the endogenous production of the required amount of vitamin D in the skin. Therefore, if a person is outside at least half an hour a day in the summer, then he does not need to take vitamin D.

If a person does not go outside in the summer, for some reason is constantly indoors, or does not undress, leaving most of the skin covered, then he needs to take vitamin D prophylactically.

Vitamin D in foods - where is it found?

Vitamin D is found in the following foods:

• Sea fish liver;
• Fatty fish, such as salmon, herring, mackerel, tuna, perch, etc.;
• Liver beef, pork;
• Fatty meats, such as pork, duck, etc.;
• Fish caviar;
• Eggs;
• Milk cream;
• Sour cream;
• Vegetable oil;
• Seaweed;
• Forest chanterelle mushrooms;
• Yeast.

Vitamin D preparations

In pharmacological preparations of vitamin D, the following forms are used:

• Ergocalciferol - natural vitamin D 2;
• Cholecalciferol - natural vitamin D 3;
• Calcitriol is an active form of vitamin D 3 obtained from natural products;
• Calcipotriol (Psorkutan) is a synthetic analogue of calcitriol;
• Alfacalcidol (alpha D 3) is a synthetic analogue of vitamin D 2 (ergocalciferol);
• Natural fish oil is a source of various forms of vitamin D.

All of these forms are highly active and can be used without any restrictions.

Pharmacological preparations can be single-component, that is, containing only forms of vitamin D, or multi-component, which include vitamin D and various minerals, most often calcium. Both types of preparations can be used to eliminate vitamin D deficiency. However, multicomponent preparations are the best option, since they simultaneously eliminate the deficiency of vitamin D and some other elements.

All forms of vitamin D

Currently, the following preparations containing vitamin D are available on the pharmaceutical market:

• Aquadetrim vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol);
• Alphabet "Our baby" (vitamins A, D, E, C, PP, B 1, B 2, B 12);
• Alphabet "Kindergarten" (vitamins A, E, D, C, B 1);
• Alfadol (alfacalcidol);
• Alfadol-Ca (calcium carbonate, alfacalcidol);
• Alpha-D 3 -Teva (alfacalcidol);
• Van Alpha (alfacalcidol);
• Vigantol (cholecalciferol);
• Videhol (various forms and derivatives of vitamin D);
• Vita bears (vitamins A, E, D, C, B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12);
• Vitrum
• Vitrum Calcium + Vitamin D 3 (calcium carbonate, cholecalciferol);
• Vittri (vitamins E, D 3 , A);
• Calcemin Advance (calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, cholecalciferol, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, manganese sulfate, borate);
• Calcium D 3 Nycomed and Calcium D 3 Nycomed forte (calcium carbonate, cholecalciferol);
• Complivit Calcium D 3 (calcium carbonate, cholecalciferol);
• Multi-Tabs (vitamins A, E, D, C, B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12);
• Natekal D 3 (calcium carbonate, cholecalciferol);
• Oxidevit (alfacalcidol);
• Osteotriol (calcitriol);
• Pikovit (vitamins A, PP, D, C, B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12);
• Polyvit (vitamins A, E, D, C, B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12);
• Rocaltrol (calcitriol);
• Sana-Sol (vitamins A, E, D, C, B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12);
• Centrum (vitamins A, E, D, C, K, B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12);
• Ergocalciferol (ergocalciferol);
• Etalfa (alfacalcidol).

Vitamin D oil solution

Vitamin D oil solution can be taken orally or administered intramuscularly and intravenously as needed. In the form of oil solutions of vitamin D, there are the following drugs:

• Vigantol;
• Vitamin D 3 oral solution in oil;
• Videhol;
• Oksidevit;
• Ergocalciferol;
• Etalfa.

Calcium with Vitamin D

Calcium with Vitamin D is a vitamin and mineral complex often used to prevent various diseases associated with bone destruction, such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, bone tuberculosis, etc. Currently, there are the following preparations containing calcium with vitamin D at the same time:

• Alfadol-Ca;
• Vitrum Calcium + Vitamin D 3;
• Calcemin Advance;
• Calcium D 3 Nycomed and Calcium D 3 Nycomed forte;
• Complivit Calcium D 3;
• Natekal D 3 .

Ointment or cream with vitamin D

Vitamin D ointment or cream is used to treat psoriasis. Currently, the following ointments and creams containing vitamin D are available:

• Glenriaz (calcipotriol);
• Daivobet (calcipotriol);
• Daivonex (calcipotriol);
• Xamiol (calcitriol);
• Curatoderm (tacalcitol);
• Psorkutan (calcipotriol);
• Silkis (calcitriol).

Vitamin D - which is better

In relation to any group of drugs, the term "best" is incorrect and incorrect in its essence, since in medical practice there is the concept of "optimal". This means that for each specific case, a strictly defined drug, which doctors call optimal, will be the best. This also applies to vitamin D supplements.

That is, complex vitamin-mineral complexes containing vitamins D are optimal for the prevention of osteoporosis, osteomalacia and other bone diseases. Oil solutions of vitamin D are well suited for the prevention and treatment of rickets in children and adults, since they can be administered not only orally, but also intravenously or intramuscularly. And external creams and ointments with vitamin D are the best drugs for the treatment of psoriasis.

Thus, if a person just wants to drink a course of vitamin D for prevention, then complex vitamin-mineral complexes, for example, Vittri, Alfadol-Ca, etc., will be optimal for him. If it is necessary to prevent rickets in a child, then oil solutions of vitamin D are best suited for this purpose. To eliminate vitamin deficiency and treat various diseases, oil solutions of vitamin D are also the best form.

Vitamin D instructions for use - how to give drugs

Vitamin D is recommended to be used simultaneously with vitamins A, E, C, B 1, B 2 and B 6, as well as pantothenic acid and calcium and magnesium salts, since these compounds improve the absorption of each other.

Tablets, drops and pills of vitamin D should be taken during or immediately after meals. The oil solution can be poured onto a small piece of black bread and eat it.

For the prevention of rickets, vitamin D is taken in the following dosages, depending on age:

• Full-term newborns from 0 to 3 years old - take 500 - 1000 IU (12 - 25 mcg) per day;
• Premature newborns from 0 to 3 years old - take 1000 - 1500 IU (25 - 37 mcg) per day;
• Pregnant women - take 500 IU (12 mcg) per day during the entire period of bearing a child;
• Nursing mothers - take 500 - 1000 IU (12 - 25 mcg) per day;
• Women in menopause - take 500 - 1000 IU (12 - 25 mcg) per day;
• Men of reproductive age take vitamin D 500-1000 IU (12-25 mcg) per day to improve sperm quality.

Prophylactic use of vitamin D can be continued for several years, alternating 3 - 4 week courses with 1 - 2 monthly intervals between them.

For the treatment of rickets and other diseases of the skeletal system, it is necessary to take vitamin D 2000 - 5000 IU (50 - 125 mcg) for 4 - 6 weeks. Then you need to take a week break, after which you will repeat the course of taking vitamin D.

Vitamin D analysis

Currently, there is a laboratory analysis for the concentration of two forms of vitamin D in the blood - D 2 (ergocalciferol) and D 3 (cholecalciferol). This analysis allows you to accurately determine the presence of vitamin deficiency or hypervitaminosis, and, in accordance with its results, make the necessary decision to cancel or, on the contrary, take vitamin D supplements. The concentration of these two forms is determined in venous blood taken in the morning on an empty stomach. The normal concentration of both D 2 and D 3 is 10 - 40 µg / l each. Before use, you should consult with a specialist.

For most people, vitamin D is presented as a drug that children need for the development of the skeletal system. But studies in recent years have shown that it is also desirable for adults to take it to strengthen the body.

Vitamin D is an element that few foods naturally contain. Its peculiarity is that it is produced under the influence of external factors, when the sun's rays fall on the skin, thereby causing the synthesis of vitamin D.

In the body, it goes through 2 stages of hydrosilation. First in the liver, where it is converted to calcidiol. Then - in the kidneys, while physiologically active calcitriol is formed.

Vitamin D is available in two substances:

• Vitamin D2 - ergocalciferol;
• Vitamin D3 - cholecalciferol.

When taking a vitamin, it should be borne in mind that both forms are absorbed equally well in the blood, but the D3 form is more effective than the same amount of D2. The role of the vitamin is great, because without it the process of absorption of calcium, which is necessary for the skeletal system, does not occur.

It is enough for adults to take 2-3 hours a day of sunbathing to increase vitamin D.

Vitamin D helps:

• correct distribution of phosphate and calcium in serum;
• the growth of the skeletal system and its remodeling (renewal of the bone skeleton), without which the bones become thin, brittle and deformed;
• preventing childhood rickets and softening (osteomalacia) of bones in adults;
• protection of the skeletal system from osteoporosis;
• stimulation of growth of normal cells and suppression of malignant ones;
• increase the efficiency of nervous, muscular and immune activity;
• reduction of inflammatory processes.

One of the main functions of a vitamin is to direct calcium to areas of the body where it is needed, such as bones and teeth. It prevents it from getting into areas where calcium should not be - into soft tissues and arteries. That's why all doctors recommend taking vitamin D along with vitamin K2.

Human need for calciferol, daily allowances

Stages of life	Recommended rate in IU	Upper limit in IU
Infants under one year old	400	1500
Children from 1 to 13 years old	600	3000
Teenagers 14 to 18 years old	600	4000
Adults aged 19 to 70	600	4000
Elderly 71+	800	4000
Pregnant and lactating	600	4000

Signs of vitamin D deficiency

Most people get enough vitamin D, which they get from exposure to sunlight. UV rays enter the skin, where 7-dehydrocholesterol is converted to previtamin D3, which is subsequently converted to vitamin D3.

Foggy and less sunny days reduce the absorption of UV energy by 55%. Sunscreens with SPF 8 or higher also block the intake of vitamin D into the skin. Vitamin D deficiency is the result of an improper diet, impaired absorption and increased excretion.

A deficit occurs when:

• low consumption;
• insufficiency of UV rays;
• impaired renal function;
• disturbances in the process of vitamin absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

Rickets and osteomalacia are common diseases caused by vitamin deficiency. In childhood, rickets, or the inability of hard connective tissue to mineralize, more often occurs, which develops skeletal deformity.

Adults are more likely to develop osteomalacia. Symptoms of the disease include muscle weakness, increased fragility, and pain. In the early stages of the disease, they are hardly noticeable.

Who is at risk:

The main signs of vitamin deficiency:

• frequent colds;
• constant fatigue;
• periodic pain in the joints and back;
• depression;
• poor wound healing;
• hair loss;
• intermittent muscle pain.

Symptoms of too much vitamin D

The main symptoms of an excess of vitamin D:

• increased blood levels (normal - 30 ng / ml, elevated - from 40 to 80 ng / ml, harmful level - 100 ng / ml);
• excess calcium in the blood (normal - from 8.5 to 10.2 mg / dl);
• poor appetite;
• constipation or diarrhea;
• kidney failure.

More serious signs of excess are expressed in an increased level of calcium, which further contributes to the deposition of calcium salts in the heart vessels and kidneys. The combined use of calcium supplements at 1000 mg/day and vitamin D up to 400 IU increases the risk of kidney stones by 17% in postmenopausal women.

Taking a vitamin, you should periodically monitor the level of its accumulation in the serum.

Foods containing vitamin D

Vitamin D how to take adults not only in the form of supplements, but also in the form of natural products, is shown in the table:

Products	A portion	IU per serving	Percent
cod liver oil	1 st. l.	1360	340
Salmon, pink salmon	85 g	566	142
Canned tuna	85 g	154	39
Canned sardines	85 g	46	12
beef liver	85 g	42	11
Egg (yolk)	1 PC	41	10
Fortified milk	250 ml	115	29
Enriched yogurt	170 g	80	20
Corn flakes, enriched	210 g	40	10
Orange juice, enriched	250 ml	137	34
Swiss cheese	30 g	6	2

Indications for taking vitamin D for adults

There is a lot of evidence that vitamin D is the key to health because this neuroregulatory steroid hormone affects many genes in the body. Receptors that respond to the vitamin have been found in almost every cell.

The vitamin produces about 200 antimicrobial peptides, the most important of which is the natural antibiotic cathelicidin.

Therefore, vitamin D effectively resists colds, reduces the risks of diseases:

Vitamin D (nutritionists will tell you how to take it in the form of supplements for adults) obtained from sunlight has additional benefits:

• The skin, receiving the vitamin, synthesizes a large amount of cholesterol sulfate, which is important for heart health.
• Under the influence of UV rays, the skin also synthesizes vitamin D3 sulfate. This form is water-soluble, unlike oral supplements, so it can move freely through the bloodstream.
• The vitamin obtained thanks to the sun's rays cannot be superfluous, since the body is capable of self-regulation.

We must not forget about the role of vitamins in the prevention of diseases. Maintaining normal levels can prevent at least 16 different types of cancer.

Contraindications

There are a number of drugs, the joint intake of which with vitamin D interferes with the metabolism and absorption of the vitamin:

A number of diseases in which the kidneys or gastrointestinal tract function poorly require careful use of the drug or its rejection:

• hyperactivity of the parathyroid glands;
• diseases of the pancreas;
• surgical removal of the end of the small intestine;
• Crohn's disease;
• cystic fibrosis;
• celiac disease;
• kidney and liver diseases.

Vitamin D should be taken with caution in adults suffering from alcoholism, although they, like no other, need increased doses of it. It is better to do this under the supervision of a doctor.

Features of the use of vitamin D

The physiological activity of the vitamin helps prevent many degenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, and increases resistance to viral and respiratory diseases.

Vitamin D for hair

Low vitamin D levels are associated with alopecia and thinning hair. This happens more often in women. The substance helps the growth of new follicles that are sensitive to hormones, and vitamin D is the same hormone that is involved in calcium homeostasis and cell growth differentiation.

Direct exposure to sunlight is the best way to absorb the vitamin. It only takes 10-20 minutes to get 10,000 units of natural vitamin D.

Vitamin D for immunity

Vitamin D reduces the risk of infectious diseases, strengthens the innate immune system. It includes peptides in the immune system that trigger an antimicrobial response, allowing the body to quickly block infections.

It helps killer cells - T cells - to respond quickly to infections that enter the body. The lower the vitamin content in the body, the more often diseases occur: colds, infectious, respiratory.

Vitamin D in bodybuilding

Vitamin D is an often underestimated nutrient that plays a big role in role in improving human performance in the gym:

• strengthens bones;
• increases muscle strength, as it turns into a steroid hormone in the body;
• protects against cardiovascular diseases by increasing the elasticity of blood vessels;
• increases testosterone levels.

How to properly take vitamin D for bodybuilders throughout the year:

• For the first 4 weeks, the daily intake should be 0.24 mg.
• For the next 8 weeks, the intake should be reduced so that by the end of the 8th week the dose of the vitamin is 0.12 mg.
• Repeat this cycle throughout the year.

Such a scheme is useful for those who use creatinine as a supplement.

Vitamin D for weight loss

Scientists have conducted studies on the effect of the vitamin on increased weight. It was found that women whose blood levels of the substance were below normal gained 2 kg more during the study period than women with normal levels of vitamin D.

The vitamin has been shown to help reduce the formation of new fat cells.

Vitamin D for the elderly

After the age of 70, the need for vitamin D increases, its deficiency is recorded not only in winter, but also in summer.

The decrease in the level is associated with factors:

• impaired intestinal absorption;
• less exposure to UV rays;
• thinning of the skin;
• reduction in dietary intake.

At this age, the vitamin is needed to prevent falls, bone fractures, reduce the risk of osteoporosis, heart and vascular diseases. Older adults should receive at least 800 IU per day. Forms of release and the best drugs: review, instructions, prices

Vitamin D3 in the form of drops

The drug maintains a balance of healthy bones, strengthens the immune system. One drop provides 2000 IU as cholecalciferol. For the prevention of rickets: healthy babies are prescribed 1 drop daily, prematurely born children - 2 drops, starting from 2 weeks.

In the treatment of rickets: 2-8 drops during the year.

Vitamin D how to take adults for preventive purposes:

• to prevent osteoporosis: 2 to 8 drops daily.

Price of the drug: 50 rubles.

Calcium D3 Nycomed

The drug is combined, contains 400 IU of cholecalciferol and 500 mg of calcium. Helps with osteoporosis and its complications, in this case it is necessary to take 3 times a day, 1 table. The drug is prescribed in violation of the calcium diet at the rate of 1 tablet 2 times a day.

Available in the form of chewable tablets, the price depends on the number of tablets in the package - from 300 to 500 rubles.

Aquadetrim

The drug is prescribed to children from birth, after 25 days. The initial dose is small, 1-2 drops per day. Children at this age are given no more than 15,000 IU, and the entire therapy includes 30 drops.

For prevention, the adult dose is 2-3 drops per day. With joint disease, you can increase the dose to 4 drops, therapy is carried out for 3 months. The price of the drip form is 180 rubles.

Calcipotriol Daivonex

The drug is available in the form of an ointment, the active substance is calcipotriol, 50 mcg.

Effective in psoriasis, especially scalp. The daily dose should not exceed 15 mg. For adults, the ointment is applied in a thin layer to the affected area no more than 2 times a day. Combines well with corticosteroids. Therapy is carried out for no more than 1-2 weeks, after which a stable positive effect is observed. Price - 1150 rubles.

D3 Bon

Vitamin for intramuscular administration and oral administration, contains 200,000 IU of colecalciferol.

Helps with:

• prevention and treatment of rickets;
• hypocalcemic tetany;
• spasmophilia;
• osteomalacia.

Vitamin D for adults and infants:

• infants taking milk with vitamin D are given ½ ampoule every 6 months;
• infants not receiving vitamin D supplemented milk are given 1 ampoule every 6 months.
• adolescents are invited to take the drug 1 ampoule in the winter;
• elderly people are recommended to take ½ ampoules every 3 months.

Price of the drug: 1500 rubles.

Fosavans

Helps in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in patients at risk of vitamin D deficiency, reduces the risk of fractures.

Contains two active ingredients:

• alendronic acid (70 mg);
• colecalciferol 2800 IU).

Vitamins with calcium, antacids should be separated by 2-3 hours. Price: 200 rubles.

Alpha D3-Teva

The drug is available in capsules containing 0.25/1 µg of the active substance alfacalcidol. The calculation of the dose for taking the drug to children is based on body weight.

• with osteoporosis: 0.5–1 mcg per day;
• in the treatment of endocrine diseases 1-4 mcg / day.

You can take it at any time, regardless of food.

The drug has a wide spectrum of action:

• osteomalacia;
• postmenopausal osteoporosis;
• disorders in calcium and phosphorus metabolism;
• hypoparathyroidism.

Using this remedy, it is necessary to periodically monitor calcium in the body.

Drug price:

• 60 capsules of 0.25 mcg - 524 rubles;
• 30 capsules of 1 mcg - 613 rubles;
• 60 capsules of 0.5 mcg - 700 rubles.

Side effects and precautions when taking vitamin D

With improper use, excessively large doses of the drug may occur:

• headache;
• muscle weakness;
• feeling of nausea, sometimes vomiting;
• mood swings.

Vitamin D toxicity causes unusual symptoms:

• anorexia;
• weight reduction;
• cardiac arrhythmia;
• polyuria.

Some types of drugs can cause allergies, individual intolerance to additional ingredients. Before use, you should consult your doctor, especially if you are taking other drugs.

The best source of vitamin D is natural food, fresh air and sunlight. Getting all this, you will not have to think about whether adults and children should take vitamin supplements, sometimes containing synthetic substances.

Article formatting: Mila Fridan

Video about vitamin D

Komarovsky will talk about vitamin D:

The normal functioning of the human body is possible provided that the reserves of vitamins, minerals and other useful substances are replenished. Their insufficiency leads to disruption of the organs and metabolism. Vitamins play a special role. Deficiency of these components has a very noticeable effect on health. In order not to meet this problem, it is necessary to eat rationally and take

The value of vitamin D3

Takes part in many processes in the body. It affects the immune, bone, nervous systems, cell growth and the state of the endocrine glands.

The component is primarily responsible for the absorption of magnesium and calcium minerals, which are necessary for the formation of dental and bone tissue. Vitamin D3 takes an active part in the exchange of phosphorus and calcium, as a result of which, due to an increase in the influx of minerals, dental and bone tissue is strengthened. It affects the processes of cell renewal and growth, protects the body from the development of cancers. A sufficient concentration of the component helps to strengthen the immune system, normalizes the level of glucose in the blood, and has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system.

The daily norm is about 500 IU, for adults - 600 IU. Women during pregnancy and lactation are recommended to take up to 1500 IU. An additional dose is also needed for the elderly.

Vitamin D deficiency: causes

Vitamin D deficiency in the body, which can be caused by factors such as lack of sunlight and insufficient indoor insolation, is a fairly common phenomenon. It is more common in people who live in northern latitudes, where the lack of sunlight and long winters prevent the skin from producing the component. Improper diet, insufficient consumption of dairy products and fish can also lead to the development of deficiency.

The body is able to use vitamin D3 only in its active form, for which the kidneys are responsible. Accordingly, people with kidney failure or other problems with these organs are also at risk of developing vitamin D deficiency. Diseases such as cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, and Crohn's disease disrupt the absorption of the component from food.

The following factors contribute to the development of vitamin D deficiency: a vegetarian diet, the use of antacids, kidney and liver disease, dark skin, lactation and pregnancy, age over 50 years.

Deficiency symptoms

Depending on the degree of deficiency and the sensitivity of the person, the symptoms of deficiency may also differ. In the initial stages, it may not manifest itself at all, and then abruptly turn into rickets. Deficiency symptoms include: weight loss, weakness, stoop, bony deformities, spinal deformity, stunted growth in children, muscle cramps, deformed teeth, delayed tooth formation, joint pain.

Vitamin deficiency in the body can be cured if you pay attention to the presence of a problem in time. To do this, you need to monitor the state of your health and the health of your children, make the right menu, walk in the fresh air and avoid bad habits.

Possible Complications

If measures are not taken to neutralize vitamin D deficiency, this can lead to the development of very serious diseases that are difficult to treat, and in some cases can remain for life. The most common complications include rickets (especially in childhood), osteoporosis (brittle bones), osteomalacia, fractures, and bone deformities. In early childhood, when a child's bone tissue is just being formed, a lack of a vitamin can affect the quality of bones in the future.

Against the background of a deficiency, the following diseases can gradually develop: multiple sclerosis, hypertension, constant headache, depression, chronic pain and fatigue, diseases of the cardiovascular system, cancer, asthma, arthritis.

Prevention

You can prevent the development of a deficiency by adhering to simple rules. The first is sufficient exposure to the sun and fresh air. Sunlight has a positive effect on the general condition of a person and stimulates the production of vitamin D by the skin. The daily diet should include foods that contain this component. They can replace drugs and provide the body with the necessary substances.

Complex supplements or vitamins in preparations should be taken only after a thorough examination by a doctor. A specialist can prescribe them for diseases that can contribute to the development of a deficiency.

Deficiency treatment

The lack of vitamin in the blood threatens with the occurrence of serious complications, so it is necessary to take action at the first sign. Treatment should be comprehensive and consist of several steps. First, it is necessary to find the cause that caused the deficiency and eliminate it. It is worth reviewing your lifestyle and daily diet, making some adjustments to it. In particular, you need to eat fatty fish, dairy products, drink fortified milk more often.

After examination at the clinic, the doctor may prescribe drugs containing vitamin D. The choice of drugs is very large, vitamin D3 (solution) is popular. Another drug is known under the name "Aquadetrim". Before using any product, read the instructions. Of great importance is vitamin D3 for infants. The drug "Aquadetrim" is good because it is suitable for use from four weeks of age.

Vitamin D3

To maintain a normal level of the component in the blood, you need to include foods containing it in sufficient quantities in your daily diet. If it fails, then medications that are designed to provide the body with vitamin D3 will come to the rescue.

The most common drugs include Viganol, Minisan, Aquadetrim. The last one, an aqueous solution of vitamin D3, deserves special attention. The peculiarity of the drug is that it is approved for use by pregnant women and newborn babies. The tool prevents the development of rickets, osteoporosis and other similar diseases, is used in the treatment of beriberi. The drug can be bought at any pharmacy kiosk at an affordable price, it is sold without a prescription, but before use, especially during pregnancy, it is advisable to consult a doctor and carefully read the instructions.

Pharmacology

The drug "Aquadetrim", or water vitamin D3, thanks to the active substance - colcalciferol, affects the normalization of the metabolism of phosphates and calcium, resulting in the correct formation of the bone skeleton and the preservation of the structure of bone tissue. The active component of the drug takes part in the reabsorption of phosphates, the functioning affects the synthesis of adenosine triphosphoric acid.

The solution helps to normalize the content of calcium ions, affects blood clotting and conduction of nerve impulses, prevents the development of hypovitaminosis and calcium deficiency, as a result of which diseases such as osteoporosis and rickets develop.

An aqueous solution of "Akvadetrim", compared to an oil one, has a greater bioavailability and is better adsorbed; it does not require the presence of bile for absorption into the blood, which is especially important for premature babies who still have an immature digestive system.

Indications

The use of vitamin D3 is recommended primarily for beriberi and hypovitaminosis. A drug is prescribed for the treatment and prevention of rickets-like diseases, hypocalcemia, tetany (caused by hypocalcemia). A sufficient amount of the component is necessary for infants and children who grow and develop, their bones are formed and require its presence for normal absorption of calcium.

During menopause and postmenopause, due to hormonal changes, women may develop osteoporosis, for the treatment of which you also need to take vitamin D3. Instructions for use describe all cases in which you can use the "Akvadetrim". The drug is prescribed for calcium loss in teeth and bones, osteomalacia of various etiologies, osteopathies caused by metabolic disorders. It also has a good effect on the restoration and fusion of bone tissue after fractures.

Contraindications

Before giving vitamin D3 to children or taking it yourself, it is advisable to consult a doctor, because it has a list of contraindications for use and side effects.

You should not take the drug with individual sensitivity to cholecalciferol, as well as with intolerance to benzyl alcohol. If you have elevated levels of calcium in your blood (hypercalcemia) or urine (hypercalciuria), you should also stop taking vitamin D3. The instruction prohibits the use of the drug for hypervitaminosis, insufficiency of kidney function, active form of tuberculosis, urolithiasis. With prolonged immobilization, large doses of the drug are contraindicated.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the drug is prescribed, taking into account the condition of the mother and fetus (child). In this case, extreme caution is needed, because with an overdose, the baby may have developmental disorders. Caution should also be given to vitamin D3 for newborns, and especially for premature babies.

Side effects

Patients taking vitamin D3 may experience some side effects. If the drug is used in recommended doses, then the possibility of their occurrence is close to zero. Side effects may appear when the dose is exceeded or with individual hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

You can determine the body's reaction to the action of the drug by the following symptoms: irritability, sudden mood changes, stupor, depression, mental disorders, headache. On the part of the gastrointestinal tract, dry mouth, thirst, vomiting, nausea, stool disorders, rapid weight loss, up to anorexia can be disturbed. The cardiovascular system can react with an increase in blood pressure, an increase in heart rate, and disturbances in the activity of the heart. In addition, side effects such as nephropathy, myalgia, general muscle weakness, polyuria, and soft tissue calcification may occur.

special instructions

If the drug is used to treat a disease, then only a doctor can prescribe it, referring to the results of blood and urine tests. When using the remedy for prophylactic purposes, it is necessary to remember the possibility of an overdose, especially for pediatric patients. With prolonged use of vitamin D3 in high doses, chronic hypervitaminosis may develop.

When giving the drug to newborns, attention should be paid to their individual sensitivity to its components. If taken for a long time, it threatens with the possibility of growth retardation. In elderly patients, the daily requirement for the component increases, but vitamin D preparations may be contraindicated for them due to the presence of various diseases. In this case, you need to fill the body's need by eating foods high in this substance.

Vitamin D3 in products

You can make up for the lack of vitamins with the help of not only medicines, but also food. A sufficient amount of vitamin D3 is found in mackerel, mackerel, herring, tuna, fish liver, seafood, eggs, butter, cheese, cottage cheese, dairy products.

There is little vitamin in plant-derived products, which vegetarians should pay attention to. Such products include potatoes, nettles, horsetail, parsley, oatmeal. It is synthesized under the influence of sunlight, so it is worth spending more time in the fresh air, if possible, sunbathing.

In the incredibly well-coordinated interaction of various systems of our body, vitamins play a key role. The lack of these vital substances leads to various disorders in metabolic processes. In this article, we will talk about the benefits of vitamin D3. Instructions for use will also be considered in this material.

Natural routes of vitamin intake

Cholecalciferol (D3) is one of the fat-soluble compounds of group D and is one of the most active. There are two main ways of getting this vitamin into the human body: through food of animal origin and skin, when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Penetrating into the body, it enters into contact with the transport protein, which delivers it to the liver. There, the vitamin helps to absorb important trace elements that perform their functions in metabolism.

How much of a fat-soluble compound will be synthesized with the help of sunlight depends on the amount of time a person spends in the fresh air. Many people have a business lifestyle that requires them to spend most of their daylight hours indoors. Because of this, there is a deficiency in this substance. Under such circumstances, there is a need for the use of vitamin D3 in the form of a medicinal supplement.

The need for cholecalciferol increases in winter. Even with prolonged exposure to the street due to lack of heat and light, the body does not receive the required dose of this compound. At this time, you need to eat as many foods rich in vitamins of group D as possible.

When using any useful substance, the norm must be observed. If you decide to use a synthetic form of cholecalciferol, and your doctor has prescribed vitamin D3, the instructions for use have the necessary dosage instructions. Under no circumstances should the limit be exceeded.

In pharmaceuticals, the production vitamin is obtained from plant and animal products. The dosage form of fish oil is also a source of this substance. Unlike a plant counterpart, a product of animal origin is absorbed by the human body much faster.

What Causes a Cholecalciferol Deficiency?

• Age-related changes most often lead to a lack of this vitamin. The main signs are the development of osteoporosis and poor sleep. With age, the muscular and skeletal systems weaken, because of this, older people need to replenish the supply of fat-soluble substances.
• The widespread belief that a vegetarian diet is the key to health often leads to beriberi, since most of the vitamin D3 is found in animal products.
• The next causes are pathological diseases of the kidneys and liver. In people with kidney failure, vitamin D3 is absorbed very slowly, and the body is constantly experiencing a lack of it.
• The systematic use of antacids, which, in particular, are prescribed for the treatment of the digestive system, can cause a lack of vitamin D3. These funds act as auxiliary methods of therapy, therefore, if necessary, it is better to cancel them.
• Pregnancy and lactation. Since the child receives all the nutrients from the mother's body, during this period it is especially important for a woman to monitor her health. It is necessary to replenish the missing supply of vitamins in time so that the future baby can also receive them. The same can be said about the period of breastfeeding. Vitamin D3 for a newborn is of great importance, as it reduces the risk of rickets.

With a large deficiency of cholecalciferol in the human body, the following symptoms appear: chronic fatigue, insomnia, visual impairment, bone fragility (slow healing in fractures), heartburn, poor appetite, osteoporosis. With the appearance of such signs, you need to go to the hospital.

The benefits of vitamin D3 for the body

According to scientists, of the available fat-soluble substances, vitamin D3 is the most necessary. What is it for?

• Bone system. To a greater extent, cholecalciferol is involved in metabolic processes that promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. It regulates the balance of these elements and accelerates the supply of essential minerals to the bone tissue. Vitamin D3 is very useful in this regard for children, as it contributes to the proper development of the skeleton.
• Strengthening immunity. Having a direct effect on the bone marrow, which is responsible for the creation of immune cells, vitamin D3 serves as an excellent general tonic.
• Protection against oncological diseases. Cholecalciferol promotes the growth and renewal of cell tissues. It is also important that it inhibits the reproduction of cancer cells in the mammary glands and intestines.
• Regeneration of nerve fibers. Here, too, you can not do without vitamin D3. Why does the nervous system need it? Due to the regulation of calcium levels, nerve fibers are restored. The order in the transmission of impulses is normalized. It is for this reason that the vitamin is prescribed for multiple sclerosis. Also, strong nerves serve as reliable protection against many diseases.
• Endocrine system. The fat-soluble compound takes an active part in the distribution of glucose. It has a positive effect on the functions of the pancreas responsible for the production and rate of insulin.
• Memory. In the course of research, it was proved that concentration of attention is directly related to the presence of vitamins of group D. The lack of these substances significantly affects the performance of students when passing exams and solving complex problems.
• Mood. Vitamin D3 is a hormone responsible for the human mind. The influence of this substance on the brain functions responsible for mood has been revealed. Depression, insomnia, excessive anxiety, mood swings and emotional disturbances are a signal of slow production of estrogen and testosterone. An imbalance of these substances leads to premenstrual syndrome and painful periods. Such negative manifestations occur due to a lack of cholecalciferol.

Release form

The pharmaceutical market has a wide range of drugs with the presence of the compound in question. Dosage forms of vitamin D3 are commercially available in aqueous, oily and alcoholic solutions, as well as in capsules and tablets.

Capsules are intended for adults, as they are distinguished by a high dosage - 600 IU. They are produced by several manufacturers, in pharmacies such drugs are always available.

It is better for babies to give a solution of vitamin D3. Although this form is very convenient and the age dosage has already been calculated, the doctor must prescribe an individual treatment regimen. Aquadetrim is prescribed for infants, and a complex remedy with calcium content is prescribed for older children.

Vitamin D3 tablets are suitable for all ages. It is convenient in that one unit has a small dosage with a cholecalciferol content of 200 IU. Two tablets of this form of the drug are the full rate for the child. One of the popular medicines is Calcium D3 Nycomed. A similar remedy marked "Forte" is distinguished by a double dose of vitamin.

An oily solution is used less often, because in case of an overdose this substance releases toxins. But its plus is that thanks to the oil it has good absorption. In case of excessive use, compared with other forms of this substance, side effects are less pronounced. "Vigantol" is the most common remedy that is often prescribed to patients.

Instruction

The official instructions for vitamin D3 indicate the calculated doses, taking into account the age needs of a person.

Expectant mothers need 1 drop per day, throughout the entire period of pregnancy. If the drug is prescribed shortly before childbirth, then 2 drops are prescribed.

During menopause and after women are prescribed a daily dose of 2 drops.

If a diagnosis of rickets is made, then the norm of the vitamin is significantly increased. It can be up to 10 drops.

When vitamin D3 in tablets is prescribed for prevention, then for babies under 5 years old, the specialist determines the norm. Children under 12 years of age are recommended 1 tablet per day, and older than this age - 2 pcs. in a day. The established dose for adults is 3 tablets of 200 IU.

The best drug in capsule form is the biological supplement "Solgar". The norm of medicine in capsules for an adult is 1 piece per day. Children and pregnant women are not prescribed this remedy.

Contraindications: individual intolerance, hypercalcemia, renal failure, active form of pulmonary tuberculosis, atherosclerosis (with caution), calcium nephrourolithiasis.

Side effects: mental disorders, polyuria, pain in the joints and muscles, increased amounts of calcium in the urine and blood, constipation, dry mouth and soft tissue calcification.

Interaction with other drugs:

• Cholesterol-lowering drugs interfere with normal absorption.
• Corticosteroid drugs immediately remove vitamin D3 from the body, preventing it from being absorbed, and also disrupt calcium metabolism.
• Heart medication slows down its activity.
• The simultaneous use of vitamin E improves metabolic processes.
• Anti-tuberculosis drugs activate vitamin D3, thereby disrupting the balance of phosphorus and calcium.
• Laxative synthetic drugs slow down the absorption of cholecalciferol.
• Anticonvulsants reduce absorption.

For women

From the group of vitamins D, substance D3 is isolated as one of the most important for the functioning of the female body. The need for it is associated with a large consumption of energy reserves at many life stages of the fair sex. Menstruation, childbirth, child care, excessive workloads and stress - all this leaves an imprint on the health of women. For these reasons, they especially need an additional natural supplement. Undoubtedly, in different age periods, the need for this substance may fluctuate. It is also associated with changes in physical stress and circumstances. Vitamin D3 for women is an indispensable source of strength. It strengthens bones, prevents skin aging and regulates the menstrual cycle.

Benefits for the child's body

For children, vitamin D3 is a valuable medicine for the prevention and treatment of rickets. Babies living in the northern regions of the country are more susceptible to a deficiency of a fat-soluble substance. In a child who receives an insufficient amount of sunlight, due to which the necessary vitamin is synthesized, calcium is poorly absorbed and is quickly washed out of the skeletal system.

The presence of rickets is characterized by the following features:

• The baby is slowly teething.
• Bones become too soft, the back of the head thickens.
• The facial region of the skull looks crumpled.
• The pelvic bones are deformed and the lower limbs are bent.
• The child sleeps worse, is irritable and often sweats.
• There are significant changes in the structure of the chest.

Vitamin D3 for newborns in this case is prescribed in the form of an oil solution, most often it is the drug "Vigantol". For school-age children, experts recommend fish oil.

Overdose

The consequences of an excess of fat-soluble substances are the following symptoms: high blood pressure, jumps in heart rate, nephrocalcinosis, sudden weight loss, the formation of kidney stones. In this case, there are signs of general malaise, such as nausea, weakness, irritability, and possibly vomiting.

With an overdose of vitamin D3, the drug is immediately canceled. You should also limit exposure to the open air and the use of products containing this substance.

In this circumstance, it is necessary to undergo a therapeutic course of treatment. Infusion treatment is carried out with the use of diuretics, as well as drugs that contain magnesium and potassium. In severe conditions, doctors find it appropriate to administer corticosteroids.

An overdose of vitamin D3 poses a considerable danger to human life. This threatens with the accumulation of potassium salts in the intestines, as a result of which a tragic outcome may occur.

What products contain?

To maintain the level of cholecalciferol in the body, you should regularly monitor your diet. It is important not only to eat foods rich in vitamin D3, but also to try in every possible way to diversify your diet. In winter, special attention should be paid to this and, if possible, products containing a large amount of the compound under discussion should be included in the menu. These include:

• milk;
• fish fat;
• raw chicken yolks;
• tuna;
• herring;
• mackerel.

Some of the products allow the body to fully absorb vitamin D3. It is almost not found in plant foods. The plant containing this substance is parsley.

Chanterelle mushrooms, duck meat and beef liver have a small amount of cholecalciferol.

Compound

1 ml solution (approx. 30 drops) contains:

active substance: cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) 15,000 IU;

Excipients: macrogol glyceryl ricinoleate, citric acid monohydrate, sucrose, disodium phosphate dodecahydrate, benzyl alcohol, anise flavor, purified water.

Description

Colorless, clear or slightly opalescent liquid with an aniseed odour.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Vitamin D (as cholecalciferol)

ATH code: A11 SS05

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics

Vitamin D3 is an active anti-rachitic factor. Vitamin D's most important function is to regulate calcium and phosphate metabolism, which promotes proper mineralization and skeletal growth.

Vitamin D3 is the natural form of vitamin D, which is formed in the human skin under the influence of sunlight. Compared to vitamin D2, it is characterized by a higher activity (by 25%). Cholecalciferol plays an essential role in the absorption of calcium and phosphate from the intestine, in the transport of mineral salts and in the process of bone calcification, and also regulates the excretion of calcium and phosphate by the kidneys. The concentration of calcium ions in the blood determines the maintenance of muscle tone of the skeletal muscles, myocardial function, promotes the conduction of nervous excitation, and regulates the process of blood coagulation. Vitamin D is necessary for the normal function of the parathyroid glands, improves the functioning of the immune system, affecting the production of lymphokines.

Lack of vitamin D in food, impaired absorption, calcium deficiency, as well as insufficient exposure to sunlight, during the period of rapid growth of the child, lead to rickets, in adults to osteomalacia, in pregnant women symptoms of tetany may occur, a violation of the processes of calcification of the bones of newborns. An increased need for vitamin D occurs in women during menopause, because due to hormonal disorders, they often develop osteoporosis.

Pharmacokinetics

In premature babies, there is insufficient formation and flow of bile into the intestines, which disrupts the absorption of vitamins in the form of oil solutions. An aqueous solution of vitamin D3 is absorbed better than an oil solution, provides the most rapid and complete onset of the clinical effect and higher efficiency in rickets and rickets-like conditions, including in children with malabsorption.

After oral administration, cholecalciferol is absorbed in the small intestine. Metabolized in the liver and kidneys. The half-life of cholecalciferol from the blood is several days and may be prolonged in case of renal insufficiency. The drug crosses the placental barrier and into the mother's milk.

It is excreted from the body with urine and feces.

Vitamin D3 has the property of cumulation.

Indications for use

Prevention of rickets and osteomalacia in children and adults.

Prevention of rickets in premature babies.

Prevention of vitamin D deficiency in children and adults at risk.

Prevention of vitamin D deficiency in children and adults suffering from malabsorption.

Treatment of rickets and osteomalacia in children and adults.

Dosage and administration

Orally.

The drug is taken in a spoonful of liquid.

1 drop contains about 500 IU of vitamin D3.

In order to accurately measure the dose of the drug, it is necessary to hold the vial at an angle of 45 ° while counting the drops.

The dose of the drug should be set individually, taking into account the total use of calcium (both in the daily diet and in the form of drugs).

Prevention of vitamin deficiency:

Children from the first days of life and adults - 500 ME (1 drop) per day.

Vitamin Deficiency Treatment:

The dose of the drug is set by the doctor individually, depending on the state of vitamin deficiency.

Vitamin D-dependent rickets:

Children - from 3000 ME to 10 000 ME (620 drops) per day.

Osteomalacia associated with the use of anticonvulsants:

Children - 1000 ME (2 drops) per day, adults - 10004000 ME (from 2 to 8 drops) per day.

Side effect

Practically do not occur when taking the recommended doses of the drug. In the case of rarely observed hypersensitivity to vitamin D3 or when using very high doses for a long time, a poisoning called hypervitaminosis D can occur.

Symptoms of hypervitaminosis D:

heart disorders: heart rhythm disturbances;

disorders of the vascular system: hypertension;

disorders of the nervous system: headache, lethargy;

visual disturbances: conjunctivitis, photophobia;

disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation;

disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract: uremia, polyuria;

disorders of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue: muscle and joint pain, muscle weakness;

metabolic and nutritional disorders: increased blood cholesterol levels, weight loss, severe thirst, profuse sweating, pancreatitis;

disorders of the liver and biliary tract: increased activity of aminotransferases;

mental disorders: decreased libido, depression, mental disorders;

general disorders and disorders at the injection site: itching; Rhinorrhea, hyperthermia, dry mouth, increased levels of calcium in the blood and / or urine, kidney stones and tissue calcification may also occur.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, hypervitaminosis D, increased levels of calcium in the blood and urine, calcium kidney stones, sarcoidosis, renal failure.

Patients with rare hereditary fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome and sucrase-isomaltase deficiency should not take the drug.

Overdose

Vitamin D actively influences phosphorus-calcium metabolism, and its overdose leads to hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, kidney calcification and bone damage, as well as disorders of the cardiovascular system. Hypercalcemia occurs after prolonged use of vitamin D in doses of 50,000,100,000 IU/day.

After an overdose of the drug develop: muscle weakness, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation, severe thirst, polyuria, lethargy, conjunctivitis, pancreatitis, rhinorrhea, hyperthermia, decreased libido, hypercholesterolemia, increased activity of transaminases, arterial hypertension, heart rhythm disturbance and uremia. Frequent symptoms are headache, muscle and joint pain, weight loss. Kidney function is impaired, which is manifested by a decrease in the density of urine and the appearance of cylinders in the urine sediment.

Treatment for overdose

a) Daily doses up to 500 IU / day

Symptoms of chronic overdose of vitamin D may require forced diuresis, as well as the appointment of glucocorticoids or calcitonin.

b) Doses above 500 IU/day

Overdose requires measures to control persistent and, under certain conditions, life-threatening hypercalcemia.

As a priority, it is necessary to stop taking the drug; normalization of the level of calcium in the blood, increased as a result of vitamin D intoxication, will occur within a few weeks.

Depending on the degree of hypercalcemia, the following measures may be required: a calcium-poor or calcium-free diet, adequate hydration, forced diuresis by prescribing furosemide, and prescribing glucocorticoids and calcitonin.

If renal function is preserved, blood calcium levels can be reduced by infusion of isotonic saline (36 liters in 24 hours) with the addition of furosemide and, in selected cases, sodium edetate at a dose of 15 mg/kg b.w. under close monitoring of calcium levels and EKG. In the case of oligoanuria, hemodialysis (using calcium-free dialysate) is necessary.

There is no specific antidote.

It is recommended to monitor patients taking the drug in high doses for a long time to identify symptoms of a possible overdose (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea in the early phase, followed by constipation in the later phase, anorexia, fatigue, headache, muscle and joint pain, muscle weakness, prolonged drowsiness, azotemia, polydipsia and polyuria).

Precautions for use

The drug should be used according to the indicated dosage, care should be taken:

if the patient is immobile;

if the patient is taking thiazide diuretics;

if the patient has urolithiasis;

if the patient suffers from heart disease;

if the patient is taking digitalis glycosides;

if the patient is pregnant or breastfeeding;

if the patient is simultaneously taking high doses of calcium. The daily requirement and method of vitamin D administration in children should be determined individually and checked each time during periodic examinations, especially in the first months of life;

in infants who have a small size of the anterior crown from birth.

Very high doses of vitamin D3, used for a long time, or shock doses of the drug can be the cause of chronic hypervitaminosis. When conducting long-term therapy with a dose of more than 1000 IU of vitamin D, it is necessary to evaluate the level of calcium in the blood serum.

The preparation contains benzyl alcohol in a dose (15 mg/ml) and sucrose. Do not use in persons sensitive to benzyl alcohol and with hereditary fructose intolerance.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

During pregnancy, vitamin D3 should be used only in dosages recommended by the doctor. It is not recommended to exceed the dosage of vitamin D3. High doses of vitamin D3 may be teratogenic.

When breastfeeding, vitamin D3 should be used in dosages recommended by your doctor. High doses taken by the mother may cause overdose symptoms in the child.

Effects on ability to drive vehicles or servemechanisms

Does not affect.

Interaction with other drugs

Anticonvulsants, especially phenytoin and phenobarbital, as well as rifampicin, reduce the absorption of vitamin D3.

The simultaneous use of vitamin D3 with thiazide diuretics increases the risk of hypercalcemia.

Simultaneous use with cardiac glycosides may increase their toxicity (increased risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias).

Simultaneous use with antacids containing magnesium and aluminum can lead to toxic effects of aluminum on the skeletal system and hypermagnesemia in patients with renal insufficiency.

Co-administration with vitamin D analogs may lead to increased toxic effects.

Preparations containing high doses of calcium or phosphate increase the risk of developing hyperphosphatemia.

Ketoconazole can inhibit both the biosynthesis and catabolism of 1,25(OH)2-cholecalciferol.

Package

Brown glass bottle with a capacity of 10 ml, sealed with a lid with a drip dispenser. 1 vial, together with the instruction leaflet, is placed in a cardboard box.

Manufacturer's name and address:

Medana Pharma JSC

98-200 Sieradz, st. V. Loketka 10