How balls refers to the professor. Quotes. Characteristics of the main characters
It is better for an animal to remain an animal. Professor Preobrazhensky, a doctor who gives youth to patients in the story "Heart of a Dog", came to this conclusion. Philip Philipovich created Sharikov as a kind of human being, but the experiment failed - the ideal member of society did not come out of the dog.
Story
The work pretty much spoiled the life of the Russian prose writer. At the beginning of 1925, Mikhail Bulgakov began to create a new story under the working title Dog's Happiness. A monstrous story, which was expected to be published in the Nedra magazine.
Three months later, the author put an end to the next literary work and presented it to his colleagues in the pen at the Nikitsky Subbotniks meeting. The Main Political Directorate immediately received a denunciation of Mikhail Afanasyevich for a “hostile thing, breathing contempt for the Soviet system”.
It came to, and he finally hacked the work. Moreover, they came to the writer with a search, confiscating two copies of the manuscripts of The Heart of a Dog. In the 1960s, a typewritten creation leaked into samizdat, and from there, carelessly copied, flew to the West. Legally, the story reached the Soviet reader only in 1987 through the Znamya magazine, but it was the same poor-quality copy. Only at the height of perestroika was the original published.
About the prototypes of the main character of the story of Professor Preobrazhensky are still arguing. Whether there was such a person remains a mystery, but the prototypes are exactly M.A. Bulgakov used in his work. Researchers see similarities with the life of the hero in the life of the gynecologist Nikolai Pokrovsky, the uncle of the prose writer. The decor of the book doctor's dwelling is as copied from his apartment.
Perhaps the writer also relied on the image of an academician: an influential person of his time despised the Bolsheviks, survived a series of searches, but survived thanks to Lenin's patronage.
The biography of Preobrazhensky was also based on elements of the activities of Sergei Voronov, an experimental surgeon who tried to transplant primate ovaries into women. And the famous gynecologist Vladimir Snegirev liked to sing when he was thinking about important matters, just like the professor from Heart of a Dog.
And, finally, the list of prototypes is closed by the former personal doctor of the family, Dmitry Nikitin, exiled to Arkhangelsk, and the physician Vasily Preobrazhensky, whose interests lay in the field of genetics and experimental physiology. In particular, he tried his hand at rejuvenation.
Whether one of these personalities was actually the main one for creating the image of Philipp Philippovich is no longer important now. Bulgakov managed to mix the best minds of the era and show the reading public a symbol of humanity and high morality. True, the educator did not work out of Preobrazhensky - no matter how he tried, he did not succeed in blinding a full-fledged person from Sharikov.
main plot
The plot of the story takes place in Moscow at the end of 1927. Professor Preobrazhensky, together with his assistant Dr. Bormental, in continuation of successful experiments on rejuvenation, decide to try their hand at transplanting human testicles and a gland responsible for growth and development to an animal. The material was taken from the deceased alcoholic and parasite Klim Chugunkin, and the street dog Sharik acted as the experimental subject.
The dog began to turn into a man, having absorbed the worst qualities of his donor - a passion for alcohol, rudeness and rudeness. The news of the successful experience spread around the medical community, and the fruit of the amazing experiments became the star of medical lectures. Yesterday's dog, having fallen under the care of the chairman of the house committee, an activist of the communist party Shvonder, received documents in the name of Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov and completely strayed from the hands of his creator.
Shvonder instilled in the consciousness of the half-man, half-dog the conviction that he was a representative of the proletariat suffering from the oppression of the bourgeoisie, that is, the doctor and his assistant Bormenthal. Sharikov allows himself to be rude towards them, gets drunk to the point of unconsciousness, molests servants and steals money. The last straw was the denunciation of Preobrazhensky, which miraculously did not reach the authorities. During the scandal, when the professor was driving his scientific offspring out of the apartment, Sharikov threatened him with a revolver. The patience of the doctors ran out, and the experimenters performed an operation with the opposite effect - Polygraph Poligrafovich again took on the appearance of a dog.
The image of a professor
An exact description of the hero is given by Sharikov himself with a capacious phrase:
"There is no smell of the proletariat here."
Professor Preobrazhensky is a representative of the intelligentsia, a symbol of the outgoing Russian culture. This is evidenced by the appearance and lifestyle of the doctor. Philip Philipovich is dressed in a dark suit, wears a gold chain and a fox fur coat. In the spacious seven-room apartment, despite the changed times, there is still a servant, to whom the doctor treats with respect. The professor has lunch in an aristocratic manner - in the dining room, where the table is set with expensive dishes, and the assortment of dishes includes slightly salted salmon, caviar, cheese and even eels.
The author created a charming personality. Preobrazhensky is very emotional, intelligent and has excellent logic, in disputes he behaves diplomatically and with restraint, and readers quickly turned aphorisms, which are rich in his speech, into catch phrases. Trying to characterize the characters of "The Heart of a Dog" by phrases, people who are keen on socionics attribute the professor to two sociotypes - an extrovert and a rational.
Preobrazhensky sincerely does not like the proletariat, condemns the new authorities for their rudeness and violent methods, predicting the imminent decline of the country's economy. The changes reflected in the little things infuriate the professor: the guests of the house now do not take off their shoes in front of the stairs, not a month passes without turning off the electricity, and carpets and flowers have disappeared in the front door. Philipp Philippovich believes that the proletariat is worthy only of cleaning sheds, and not of leading the state.
In the famous monologue about devastation, the professor shares his opinion that the horror that is happening around is the result of a mess in a person’s head:
“What is this ruin of yours? (...) Yes, it does not exist at all. What do you mean by this word? It's this: if I, instead of operating every night, start singing in my apartment in a choir, I will be devastated. (...) Consequently, the devastation is not in the closets, but in the heads.”
The luminary of science pursues the goal of making the world around us better, but not through violence.
“You can only act by suggestion,” he says.
Preobrazhensky hopes to transform nature by transplanting human organs into animals in order to eliminate the imperfection of human nature. The fiasco in this direction makes the professor understand the immorality of scientific experiments on humans, and attempts to change the order of things are fraught with unpredictable consequences. As a result, the hero comes to the conclusion that everything in nature is logical and natural - geniuses decorating the world still stand out from the "mass of all filth".
Quotes
“- And, God save you, do not read Soviet newspapers before dinner.
- Hm... Why, there are no others.
“Don’t read any.”
“You know, a person without documents is strictly forbidden to exist.”
“Why was the carpet removed from the front stairs? M? What, Karl Marx forbids keeping carpets on the stairs?
"And you, in the presence of two people with a university education, allow yourself to give advice on a cosmic scale and cosmic stupidity."
“Never commit a crime, no matter who it is directed against. Live to old age with clean hands."
“Only the landowners who were not cut by the Bolsheviks eat cold appetizers and soup. A more or less self-respecting person operates with hot appetizers.
“I’m closing my apartment and leaving for Sochi! I can give the keys to Shvonder, let him operate. But only one condition - whatever, whatever, whenever, but that it be such a piece of paper, in the presence of which neither Shvonder nor anyone else could even come to the door of my apartment! Final paper! Actual! Real! Armor!"
Quotes from the "Heart of a Dog" are so witty that they were not ignored by the authors of the memes. The Internet is full of photos of Professor Preobrazhensky from a 1988 Soviet film with altered phrases. Let's take a look at the funniest ones:
"Humanity will be saved by punitive psychiatry."
“Did you read it on the Internet, sir? Yes, you, my friend, have problems with your head.
"I'm not trolling, I'm just being defensive."
- The first film based on Bulgakov's story was directed by Alberto Lattuada. The film was co-produced by Germany and Italy and was released in 1976. In the homeland of "Heart of a Dog", the film adaptation was delayed due to the ban on the work.
- For, brilliantly playing the role of Preobrazhensky in the Russian film, work in the Heart of a Dog was a salvation: the Moscow Art Theater actor was retired in the late 80s, and the director gave him a chance not to become depressed.
- Actors similar to dogs were selected for the role of Sharikov. Casting organizers saw similar features in and. However, the director rejected these candidates. In the last stack of photos, the attention of the master of cinematography was attracted by an unknown employee of the Alma-Ata theater. At the tests, the man won the heart of the creator of the picture when he raised a glass of vodka with the words: “I wish that everything!”
Roman Dneprovskiy
Dr. Bulgakov lied to you all. I composed. There was nothing: that night the electricity in the operating room at Professor Preobrazhensky did not burn until morning, and Dr. Bormenthal did not lock the front door and the back staircase with a key. He did not say the textbook to Zina and Darya Petrovna: "We are busy, we cannot be disturbed. This is not because of distrust of you" - and there was no "repeated operation" either: Sharikov, Polygraph Polygraphych, escaped from the professor's apartment! .. I felt that the matter smelled of kerosene - and gave a damn, they only saw him! ... And when it turned out, then Philip Philipovich, and all the other inhabitants of the apartment in the former Kolabukhov house, finally sighed calmly. And Bulgakov with his story - well, what to take from him? - that's why he is a writer, to add not as it really was, but in such a way that it would be interesting for the reader to read, and that the happy ending be beautiful. But in fact, I repeat, it was not so ...
The escaped Sharikov very quickly showed up in one of the State Hostels of the Proletariat. He still continued to work in the cleaning, but in the evenings he attended the School of Working Youth. And soon Polygraph Poligrafovich was already studying at the evening department of the Institute of Red Medicine: it was Shvonder who advised him - he popularly explained to the guy that the world revolution would soon erupt - but until it did, have time, Polygraph, to study! Comrade Vyazemskaya printed a testimonial on the combat Underwood, comrades Pestrukhin and Zharovkin assured her - and the Polygraph went into science. By leaps and bounds.
Professor Philipp Philippovich Preobrazhensky, meanwhile, calmly continued to do his operations: with the disappearance of Polygraph from the apartment, no one bothered him anymore. A sybarite and a big homebody, Preobrazhensky, having cooled down, decided that he would not go to any Europe: after a memorable call from the Kremlin, Shvonder left the professor alone forever, and Philip Philippovich had no end to patients. By the way, with the intoxication of the NEP, the composition of patients also changed: among those to whom Preobrazhensky sewed the seed glands of young monkeys at different times, there were, for example, comrades Blumkin, Boky, Yagoda ... and - not only. So, Philip Philipovich Preobrazhensky lived safely in red Moscow for another eight years, and died in his own bed in the early spring of 1934 from the most banal pneumonia, which he himself launched. Thus, he did not find any horrors of the "Great Terror".
The life of Dr. Bormenthal and Comrade Shvonder turned out quite differently. Ironically, they met in 1938 on the Salekhard transfer, and then they went on in one stage. In the camp near Igarka, in which both ended up, they did not maintain relations with each other, although they ended up not only in one barrack, but also on neighboring bunk beds. Shvonder could not calm down in any way: how could that be?! - him, an old Bolshevik, a participant in the execution of Tsar Nikolashka the Bloody - and an enemy of the people ?! Where is the justice!?... - and he regularly wrote letters to Comrade Stalin, addressing him in these letters only as "Dear Joseph!" and painting episodes of their common biography near Tsaritsyn. These letters, of course, did not reach the addressee: simply, the head of the ORCH filed them to the case of Shvonder's c / c.
They openly laughed at Shvonder in the camp and even mocked him; Every time Bormental heard this, anger boiled up in him, but ... Ivan Arnoldovich understood even at the stage: it’s better not to annoy the thieves - otherwise it will only get worse. Therefore, the former doctor was silent. He was also silent when, one night, four hefty thugs approached the shkonka on which Shvonder was sleeping, firmly grabbed the poor fellow by the arms and legs - and the fifth, tightly clamping his mouth with his hand, with a precise blow stabbed the former apartment commissioner with a short lance forged from an unbent construction staples. Z\k Bormental saw all this, but did not utter a sound - and the next day, when both he and all those whose racks were next to Shvonder's were dragged one by one to the "godfather", he stubbornly repeated one thing: he slept, nothing Heard, didn't see anyone...
Very soon Bormental "floated", began to turn into a camp goner: he was no longer young - it was going to the fifth decade - and on a meager camp diet, even healthy men did not last long ... And in the Gulag - a well-known case: soldering; it's a one way ticket. And so the doctor wicked: he spent day and day on a garbage heap near the camp kitchen, looking for at least something that he could eat among the garbage ... And - who knows? - so Ivan Arnoldovich would have disappeared, turned into camp dust, from which - not a memory, not a peg on the grave - if one day, quite by accident, Fima Brilliant himself did not recognize the former privatdozent in this goner ...
Fima spent his first term for robbery even under the Tsar-Father. Then there was the "great bloodless" February revolution, which released Fima, among other "chicks of Kerensky" to freedom. Oh, and Fima took a walk in those dashing years, oh, and took a walk! - in the nineteenth, having joined the detachment of the old sidekick and accomplice of Grishka "Kot" Kotovsky, he even almost became a "hero of the revolution": he almost received the Order of the Red Banner, but something went wrong ... In the twentieth, Fima Diamond already surfaced in Belokamennaya - and very soon became the king of Moscow raiders. Three times he fell into the clutches of the MosgorChK - and all three times he was saved by the intercession of Grishka "Kota", who under the Bolsheviks became someone like the autocratic ruler of all Bessarabia. And how Fima walked in the years of the NEP - oh, he walked! ... - champagne flowed like a river, money - like waterfalls! And - everything would be fine, but one day, running into an ambush, Fima caught a bullet ... to where you wouldn’t want the enemy to catch it! For two days Fima rushed about in a fever on the haz in Maryina Roshcha, where the faithful sidekicks managed to bring the chieftain, literally tearing him out from under the nose of the frogs - and on the third day one of Fima’s raiders, the gloomy mugger Mihryutka the murderer, appeared at the haz, and said that there is one doctor in Moscow ... not even a doctor - a prokhvessor ... so this prokhvessor is not like an egg - a dick shot back can be attached, so much so that it will stand no worse than before! ... true, it takes that prohvessor is only red, but he doesn’t like our brother very much ...
Let's go to the prophet! - howled Diamond, who came to consciousness at that moment, - Alive! ...
Fima didn't even remember how they drove him through Moscow at night to the "prokhvessor"; only a bright ray flashed in my memory that moment when, almost losing consciousness on the threshold of the professor's apartment, Brilliant growled: "Listen, fraer! It hurts! ... - and, a little quieter: - Sew an egg - I'll cry with pebbles! ... only sew ... and don’t hand it over to the cops, you’re a klister tube ... ". Fima did not remember anything further - one continuous darkness, cold, and gnashing of teeth - and when he began to come to life, the first thing he saw was a face ... Yes, yes! - a youthful face with a mustache and beard, leaning over him. The face was smiling.
Professor! He seems to have woken up! Comes to life! Opens eyes! - the face turned away somewhere to the side, and now Fima saw him in profile. No matter how weak he was after anesthesia, but - go ahead! - this profile was imprinted in his memory as clearly as if it was minted on the obverse of a golden imperial.
Well, how could it be otherwise, trembling Ivan Arnoldovich? - came from somewhere far away, - nothing will happen to him, our patient! And Kotofey Kotofeyevich will now become calmer, without testicular glands ... From Seville to Grenada, in the quiet twilight of the night-ee ... - an unfamiliar voice was already buzzing somewhere in the distance, and Fima again fell into a black void .. .
Dressed in white cloaks, in a lambskin hat, the king of the raiders Fima Brilliant stood surrounded by his kodla, and gazed at the miserable wick rummaging through the garbage heap behind the utility block. He looked very intently at a friend - for some reason, very familiar! - profile, trying to remember something ... And when he remembered, he said something quietly - and at the same second, overcoming disgust, two separated from the caudle and moved towards the goner - and Fima Brilliant walked away, carefully choosing the road, so as not to stain your snow-white cloaks.
From that day on, a completely different life began at s / c Bormental I.A. At first, when he saw how two criminals were moving towards him, Ivan Arnoldovich was frightened, it was - but after a second, fear gave way to indifference: what to be - it can’t be avoided, it’s better - as soon as possible ... Now these two are simply stumbling me for their amusement "bump" - oh, and let it be: at least I'll be tormented, finally! ... - but the thieves who approached suddenly picked up the goner, taking him by the elbows, and led him somewhere. Then Ivan Arnoldovich remembered, and quite vaguely: he remembered that they had brought him to some shed, not a shed, a pantry, not a pantry ... that there was some old man there, and that one of the thieves said to that old man: "You will fatten him - Diamond ordered! - do not immediately eat a lot, let him eat quietly ... You will take a new robe and felt boots for him from the snitch - Fima will arrange - and until he comes to his senses, he will live with you ... ".
The debt is red in payment: having recognized in the camp goner the same doctor who, after the operation, nursed him for a whole week in that professor’s apartment, like a little child, Fima Brilliant, like an honest thief, at the very last moment managed, almost by the collar, to drag the former doctor from the line beyond which - Non-existence ... For two weeks, Ivan Arnoldovich was fattened by an old captain: at first he was soldered with liquid broth, and when the doctor got a little stronger, meat dishes - smoked pig ears and boiled cow's eyes - were included in his diet. Finally, when Ivan Arnoldovich could already stand on his feet without outside help, one night the same two who had brought him to this store came for him, and politely informed him that Fima Brilliant wanted to speak with the doctor.
What was that short conversation in the barracks where the thieves lived about, remained between them - the former assistant professor Ivan Bormental and the camp authority Fima Brilliant - but only from then, and until his release back in 1956, Ivan Arnoldovich never went hungry again. Moreover: they attached the former assistant professor to a non-dusty job - a bread cutter - but this position was rather a distraction: in fact, Ivan Arnoldovich became a sculptor. Of course, not everyone knew about this: for example, the camp paramedic was ready to even sell his soul to the devil - just to find out who he sculpted, what makes such masters for prisoners - but Ivan Arnoldovich's few patients kept their mouths shut. And in this status, the former assistant and former favorite student of Professor F. F. Preobrazhensky lived safely until his release, survived a bitch war, and was released in the spring of 1956, having eighteen years of imprisonment behind him and ... extensive connections in the underworld .
And what about Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov? Forgive me, reader: we have been so carried away by the biography of Dr. Bormenthal that we have completely lost sight of our main character.
Entering the Institute of Red Medicine in 1926, Polygraph Poligrafovich successfully completed it in 1931. Let's be honest: during his studies, student Sharikov did not have enough stars from the sky, and if it were not for the proletarian origin, and not for the wounds received on the Kolchak fronts (about which there was already a corresponding piece of paper by that time), and not for the intercession of the Secretary who had become by that time Khamovniki District Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, Comrade Shvonder, then most likely, Polygraph would not have graduated from any institute, of course. But he was not bad at all: realizing that he was rather weak in special disciplines, student Sharikov compensated for this fact by active social work: he regularly published his notes both in the university wall newspaper and in Vechernyaya Moskva - he branded in them disguised social opportunists and servants of the old mode. Yes, he branded him so much that even venerable professors were afraid of him: after all, after each publication of the student Sharikov, a general meeting of teachers and students immediately gathered - and those whose personal affairs were considered at these meetings were often taken directly from the assembly hall in an ambulance with a blow . And it also happened that after the next revealing passage of the Polygraph, the teacher suspected by him of "class alienation" simply ... disappeared! Therefore, neither students nor teachers tried not to quarrel with the Polygraph; Moreover, everyone saw that the guy, to the best of his ability, was trying to master special professional knowledge: look how he gutted cats and dogs in the vivarium! - sticks out there all day long, cuts, cuts, cuts, cuts, cuts, cuts ... At the same time, he still manages to do Komsomol work, speak at meetings, and expose the social servants of world imperialism through newspapers.
And how do you, Polygraph, manage to unmask so cleverly the enemies of the worker-peasant power? - Komsomol comrades asked Polygraph.
And I have a flair for them! answered Sharikov proudly, carelessly adjusting the semi-military jacket, which he seemed to wear without taking it off.
Only one note, prepared by Sharikov specially for Vechernyaya Moskva and Moskovskaya Pravda, was taken off the front pages at the very, very last moment, and its set was scattered - that was the article "The Imperialist Flayer in Eight Rooms." The reader probably already guessed who the hero of this never published article was - and even the author himself did not know why it was never published. It seems, his patron Shvonder hinted dully, it seems that there was a call ... from there ... you, Polygraph, better not know where the call came from. Forget the polygraph.
In the spring of 1931, the Institute of Red Medicine was already behind, and the young doctor Sharikov P.P. had to go to Siberia: there, at the Magnetic Mountain, a colossal construction began - and, of course, doctors were very needed there. But Sharikov had other plans: he wanted to stay in Moscow and do science. The patron - Shvonder - came to the rescue here too: he patted where necessary, put in a word to whom it was necessary, called Comrade Pestrukhin to the Moscow City Council, Comrade Vyazemskaya to the People's Commissariat of Education - and Sharikov remained at the Institute of Red Medicine, at the Department of Experimental Surgery. If Shvonder only knew how he would thank his protégé in less than seven years... But Shvonder, of course, could not have known this.
The first person Sharikov met at the department was... Dr. Bormenthal. It so happened that in all the years of Sharikov’s studies they never crossed paths: the doctor was increasingly engaged in practical science, continued to assist Preobrazhensky, rarely appeared at the institute ... It is difficult to say what Ivan Arnoldovich experienced, nose to nose faced with a new research assistant whom during the time he took to the circus, and whom, drunk and without pants, he dragged away from the maid Zina. However, reader, we know what feelings Polygraph Poligrafovich experienced when meeting Ivan Arnoldovich. These feelings were contradictory: on the one hand, dark malice rose from the bottom of the soul of the former dog and the former head of the purification subdivision at the sight of the equally polished doctor; on the other hand... On the other hand, strange as it may seem, Sharikov, as if by the smell of that same "Krakow" sausage, was drawn to the doctor! He remembered everything at once: the eight-room professorial apartment, and the unhurried conversations at the dinner table, and all those "knife in the right hand, fork in the left!" Would you mind passing it on?" - and Sharikov instinctively felt that he wanted to be as brilliant and elegant, as polite and cultured as this doctor! What is there - "how"? - better! even smarter, even more elegant, even wittier! And so that Zinka would bring him - not grub, but food - on a silver tray, and turn to him: "Dear Polygraph Polygraphovich, would you like it? ..." He always wanted this !!! I wanted to - and hated this upstart doctor precisely because he, Sharikov, was not like that.
But Sharikov of the 1931 model was no longer the same as Sharikov of the 1926 model. "Okay," thought the Polygraph to himself, "you need to sniff this doctor properly, if you scare something a little, and the time will come, and we will be like that owl in the professor's apartment, hehe ... P Let's explain!" - and, depicting on his face the joy of an unexpected meeting with an old acquaintance, he immediately suggested that the doctor celebrate this meeting in a restaurant that evening. Bormenthal was so shocked that he agreed...
Subsequently, the staff of the Department of Experimental Surgery of the Institute of Red Medicine could not understand why Ivan Arnoldovich, always very restrained in praise, suddenly began to praise this new junior researcher at every opportunity, and even undertook to prepare him for the defense of his Ph.D. thesis. No one doubted that this defense would fail: no matter how hard the MNS Sharikov tried, no matter how hard he tried to insert some remarks in conversations with colleagues, it was clear to everyone that the surgeon from him was like a ballerina from a yard dog. Even during operations, he was not even allowed to come close to the operating table: so ... "bring it, give it" - and, as before at the dinner table in the professor's apartment, now in the operating room, Polygraph only served lancets and tweezers, clamps and tampons... It was clear that the guy was not up to par - not only against the background of doctors and assistants of the "old school", but even against the background of the same as himself, yesterday's graduates of the Institute of Red Medicine. Therefore, the news that the defense of Sharikov's dissertation was excellent became a real sensation! Then, however, they said that it was not so much the graduate student himself who spoke at the defense, but rather his supervisor, that this very supervisor almost wrote this thesis himself instead of the Polygraph ... that he called the apartments of VAK members on the eve of the defense - it's scary to say ! - almost, not Comrade Zharovkin himself, the almighty First Deputy People's Commissar of Internal Affairs ... but, of course, they lied, rascals.
Dr. Bormental did not say a word about his graduate student to Professor Preobrazhensky - he did not want to annoy the old man with unpleasant memories. By the way, the professor himself, who in the past was very keenly interested in institute news, suddenly closed in on himself, became nervous and unsociable - and once, during a joint dinner, he transparently hinted to the doctor that it would be better for everyone if he, the doctor, in the course of the next month he will begin to eat not with the professor, but somewhere else - and in general, he will try to visit the former Kolabukhov house as little as possible: "- This is not because I do not want to see you, trembling Ivan Arnoldovich, and not because I don't trust you: it's just - you never know? - what if you inadvertently find out something that neither you, nor anyone better know? ... - it seemed Philipp Philippovich really did not want to talk about it, and he hurried to translate conversation in a different direction: - But, of course, doctor, as soon as there is suitable material - at any time, day or night! With Petersburg ... ugh! - how is it now? - oh, yes, are you in touch with the Leningrad Zoo? If anything, let them send with an airplane!And remember: the pituitary gland and glands of a baboon are preferable to the pituitary gland and glands of a baboon! And now - for a glass!"
Subsequently, Dr. Bormental often recalled this conversation. Exactly two weeks after him, in the late afternoon, he delivered to the professor's apartment bottles with the pituitary gland and testicular glands of a young baboon killed in the Moscow Zoo by a seasoned male. The professor was extremely excited, and almost dropped the bottles of drugs - but, to the doctor's surprise, he immediately, almost by force, pushed him out the door, saying that he would not need assistants during this operation. This was their last meeting: already after the funeral, Darya Petrovna told the doctor in a whisper that as soon as he pushed him out the door, the professor rushed to the phone - and ten minutes later three cars drove up to the entrance ... that some polite people in military uniform without they went up to the apartment, invited the professor to go with them, they wanted to help Filipp Philippovich carry his bag - but the professor, with rudeness completely uncharacteristic of him, almost pushed away the polite military man, and, clinging to the sack with both hands, abruptly threw out: " "I'm on my own! We're wasting time! Let's go!" The professor returned home only in the evening of the next day, - Darya Petrovna said, - and he returned not himself: he did not sleep all night, walked around the office, smoked ... In the morning he became ill, and Darya Petrovna asked Zina to telephone to the clinic at the Institute of Red Medicine to call him, Ivan Arnoldovich - but Ivan Arnoldovich, as if to evil, was not in place ... Instead of him, two other doctors came to Philip Philippovich - strange doctors, unfamiliar - examined the professor, and said that it was just , cold; gave him some injections, and ordered Zina to give Filipp Filippovich hot tea with raspberry jam to drink ... They said that Ivan Arnoldovich was busy now, that they themselves would come and treat the professor - and every day they came, examined Philip Filippovich, gave injections - but these injections only made him worse... And then Philipp Philippovich died. In the obituary, which was published in Pravda, it was written that he died of transient pneumonia - but she, Darya Petrovna, is sure: our dear professor died from these injections! Ah, if Ivan Arnoldovich had not been so busy!...
The Deputy People's Commissar Comrade Zharovkin himself came to seal the apartment of Professor Preobrazhensky. Barely glancing at Zina and Darya Petrovna, he muttered to his Arkharovites: "- Strangers in the apartment!" - and they, literally, pushed both women out not only from the apartment, but also from the entrance to the pavement. Daria had no choice but to go on foot to Yaroslavsky, and from there to her native village, in which she had not been for twenty years, and where no one was waiting for her; Zina went straight to the faculty clinic at the Institute of Red Medicine, found Dr. Bormental there, and shouting: "Don't let him die in the street, Ivan Arnoldych!", she fell at his feet. No matter how frightened the doctor was by Darya Petrovna’s story, he nevertheless decided to take part in the fate of Zina: he begged the Chief Physician to accept citizen Bunina at the rate of a technical worker - that is, simply speaking, a scrubber at the clinic - with the allocation of a service room to her for housing in the basement , between the Kastelyanskaya and the dead. And thanks for that.
Neither Dr. Bormental, nor Zina, nor Darya Petrovna knew, and indeed could not have known, that at the very time when one of them was shaking in the common carriage, setting off towards the unknown, and the other was sobbing in the hall of the faculty clinic, the gloomy Zharovkin telephoned from professor's apartment, first to the Most Commissar Yagoda, and then, having received instructions from the chief, to the Institute of Red Medicine, where he urgently requested that the deceased professor Preobrazhensky specialist be sent to the former apartment of the deceased professor Preobrazhensky to analyze the papers of the professor - the newly-made candidate of medical sciences Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. They did not know - and could not, of course, know - and that very little time would pass, and the previously unknown candidate of medical sciences Polygraph Sharikov would receive an order signed by the Deputy Chairman of the Moscow City Executive Committee Comrade Pestrukhin - and, on the basis of this order, move into all eight professorial rooms ... that one night the First Deputy People's Commissar for Internal Affairs Comrade Zharovkin himself will come to this apartment, and Sharikov will give him a single daddy from the vast archive of the former owner - and that Comrade Zharovkin will take this daddy away, and they will hide it so that no one will ever see this daddy again ... that one fine day Dr. Bormenthal will be asked to write for Polygraph Poligrafovich, after his candidate’s, a doctoral dissertation ... that, having written it, Ivan Arnoldovich suddenly, suddenly he will end up in such a strange place where in a few days he will tell absolutely terrible things to unfamiliar gloomy people, and dream of only one thing: that only these people will not beat him anymore ... that soon fate will bring him to the Salekhard transfer with the until recently omnipotent party bonzo Shvonder - and that this Shvonder had exactly a year and three months left to live ... Of course, they did not know any of this, and they could not know ...
In the early November morning of 1957, in the courtyard of the Institute of Experimental Surgery. prof. F. F. Preobrazhensky drove a brand new personal ZIM; the obliging driver promptly jumped out of the car and hurried to open the door. The next moment, a short elderly man in an expensive English suit got out of the car: his jacket was decorated with a gold star of the Hero of Socialist Labor and the Order of Lenin. It was Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov, well known to us - the founder of the Institute of Experimental Surgery, laureate of the Stalin Prize, professor, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He came to congratulate his colleagues on the anniversary of the October Revolution, to tell young scientists about his favorite teacher, Professor Preobrazhensky, with whom they once created this wonderful institute. Well, something, but Professor Sharikov knew how to speak in front of an audience.
Near the main entrance to the institute, the professor's gaze caught on something unpleasant... That janitor again! how is it? ... Klim? ... Yes, yes - Klim Chugunkin, or Chugunkov - it doesn’t matter. The old ragamuffin - obviously, from the former prisoners, judging by his speech and habits - dragged himself here a year ago, and Zinaida Bunina, a floor cleaning technician, begged him to be hired as a janitor and allowed to live with her in the service room: they say, he is her cousin you have to be a brother ... Well, a brother or not a brother - it doesn’t matter to us: let Zinka know that Polygraph Polygraphovich doesn’t hold evil on anyone: The polygraph remembers how you scratched behind his ear when he was a dog - but about that, that you, Zinka, disdained the Polygraph when he became a man, the Polygraph already forgot ... Well, we will accept your Klim as a janitor, and if you like this camp flaw, then let him make you male while he still can ... if only maybe ... But still, something in the look of this janitor alarmed Professor Sharikov. Or is it genetic memory? - after all, he always knew that of all the proletarians, janitors are the most vile creatures. "Well, what are you looking at, enemy?" thought the professor, catching the janitor's gaze on himself, "do you think I'm afraid of you? Yes, I wasn't afraid of the Mustachioed Baboon himself!" Do you think I'm afraid of you?..."
Most of all, in the last years of his camp under-life, Ivan Arnoldovich dreamed of how he would be released and return to the Mother See - and, if he was very lucky, he would get a job in that very faculty clinic at the former Institute of Red Medicine. Not a doctor, of course - who would accept a former prisoner as a doctor? - and at least a nurse. You can even at the morgue: Ivan Arnoldovich is ready to even wash the corpses, if only to be where his youth was. Therefore, just before the release, I had to talk again with the aged "lawyer" Brilliant. Fima kept his word: he gave an address in Moscow - and when Ivan Arnoldovich got to the white stone and came to the chistodel, he immediately, without further ado, pasted his photograph into his passport in the name of Chugunkov Klim Petrovich, such and such a year of birth, Russian, non-party, with no criminal record ... With these documents, it was already possible to move to the clinic. I wonder: will he meet Zina there, whom twenty-five years ago he hired as a technician at the clinic, and even helped to get a room? ...
Zina was found in the same room. She recognized Ivan Arnoldovich at first sight, she was dumbfounded with joy and fear and almost fainted - but immediately, pulling herself together, she began to collect on the table. She jumped out of the room, ran to the dead room, begged from the pathologists who were operating there for half a liter of the purest medical alcohol ... The whole night passed in conversations, in tears, in memories - and in the morning, swollen and sleepy, Zina went to Himself ... to Professor Sharikov - to ask, so that the esteemed Polygraph Poligrafovich take pity and accept her cousin, an invalid, as a janitor ... that they can live together, in the same room. Polygraph Poligrafovich allowed.
And now, every morning, when he arrived at the clinic, Professor Sharikov caught the gaze of this janitor: his gaze was like that of a mongrel: at the same time fawning, crafty, and fraught with a threat: "Don't touch me - and I will I won’t touch” - something, and Professor Sharikov knew this look very well from the time when he himself ran through the garbage heaps in search of grub. And the former Privatdozent and former convict Ivan Arnoldovich Bormental, who by the will of fate (more precisely, by the will of a chivalrous worker from Taganka) turned into a janitor Klim Chugunkin, every morning guarded the professor near the main entrance. Hidden behind the top of his bent lame men was a razor-sharp stiletto: a gift from the lads, which had already been handed over to the former camp sculptor on this side of the "thorn". Bormenthal remembered how, many, many years ago, the people of Brilliant had stabbed Shvonder to death, and he assured himself that his hand would not waver either: after all, he himself was once a surgeon, damn it! - but every time, seeing the stately, polished figure of the director of the Institute of Experimental Surgery, catching the professor's gaze full of superiority and awareness of his own dignity, he retreated, and, smiling ingratiatingly, retreated. He trudged into the ever-dark little room in the basement, fell on the only bed, and moaned: “Zina-u-usha! ..." - and when Zina yielded to his persuasion and brought a coveted bottle from the dead, he came to life, instantly got drunk and began to carry some kind of heresy in which everything was mixed up: the reckless drinking bouts of Moscow studios on Tatyana's Day, and terrible pictures of camp life, and those most difficult operations during which he assisted Filipp Filippovich ... Zina silently listened to him, sitting on a stool and putting her bleached hands on her knees - she listened silently, smiling quietly: as before, she loved Ivan Arnoldovich very much.
The former doctor, the former Ivan Arnoldovich Bormental, died in a damp, rainy autumn of 1961: tuberculosis that suddenly opened up killed him in just two weeks. Two gloomy orderlies, who had previously treated the hospital janitor with alcohol, carried him from the room of Zinaida Bunina's scrubbers, where he had lived in recent years, to the dead room - exactly, into the next room, behind the wall. He was buried as unidentified - under a peg with a number, and in the spring, when last year's grass was burned in the cemetery, the peg burned down, and the grave of the former Privatdozent was lost among hundreds of the same faceless mounds in the rootless section of the cemetery.
Professor Sharikov did not immediately notice the disappearance of the hospital janitor, who irritated him: returning from Montreal, where he had traveled at the head of a delegation of Soviet scientists to the International Congress of Progressive Intelligentsia, Polygraph Poligrafovich was going to finish the fourth book of his memoirs, "Fiery Youth, Fighting Youth" - but not then it happened: they called from Mosfilm - they asked me to be a scientific consultant for the three-episode feature film "Red Banners, White Coats". In addition, on October 17, the next, XXII Congress of the CPSU was opened, to which Polygraph Poligrafovich was elected a delegate, and at which he was supposed to make a report "On the role of the Soviet intelligentsia in strengthening peace and building communism" - and the text of the report was still very and work really hard. So, Professor Sharikov did not immediately find out about the death of the janitor Klim, he found out in working order - and, having signed some piece of paper for the personnel department, he immediately switched to more important and pressing matters. The fact that the janitor Klim, who died of tuberculosis, was none other than Ivan Arnoldovich Bormental, Professor Sharikov would never have thought: after all, he buried Bormental himself, personally, back in the thirty-eighth - just like he buried Shvonder a year before
Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov is the central figure in M. A. Bulgakov’s story “Heart of a Dog”, the result of a bold experiment by Professor Preobrazhensky, who transplanted the pituitary gland of the yard dog Sharik, who was killed with a knife in a pub by an alcoholic Klim Chugunkin. This operation had truly catastrophic consequences, turning an intelligent and, in its own way, tactful dog into a vile boor, living next to which turned out to be completely impossible.
M. A. Bulgakov embodied in the image of Sharikov all the most disgusting features of the so-called "new" person, who was extolled by the Soviet authorities. Even the choice of an intricate name - Polygraph Poligrafovich, combined with a "hereditary" surname, which was a characteristic feature of that time, evoked a sarcastic smile from the author. Sharikov inherited from Klim Chugunkin all the worst that was in this man, starting with appearance and ending with character, habits and worldview.
The appearance of the "new man" was also repulsive. Short, with a very low forehead, barely noticeable between bushy eyebrows and a brush of coarse hair on his head, dressed tastelessly and slovenly, but with a pretension, Polygraph Poligrafovich, nevertheless, was very pleased with himself. What he was dissatisfied with was his creator, Professor Preobrazhensky, who tried to teach him to behave decently in society, constantly pulled him up, told Sharikov that he was a fool and limited him with various prohibitions.
However, Polygraph Poligrafovich very quickly found an ally in the fight against the "tyranny" of the professor. It turned out to be Shvonder, the manager of the housing association, who had long dreamed of "pressing" Professor Preobrazhensky and taking away his "excess" living space. For this, Sharikov came in handy. Shvonder began to educate him in the spirit of the demagogy of Soviet propaganda, and this "education" quickly bore fruit. Considering conscience, morality, shame, compassion as “remnants”, the new masters of life instead demonstrate anger, hatred, meanness, the desire to take away and share everything that was not created by them.
Every day Sharikov's behavior became more and more ugly. He drinks, is rude, commits excesses, steals, molests women, depriving all the inhabitants of the apartment of peace and peace of mind.
The pinnacle of Sharikov's "human" career is his appointment as head of the subdepartment for cleaning up the capital from homeless animals. This is the case when work brings real pleasure.: “We have already strangled these cats, strangled them!”
The last straw that broke Professor Preobrazhensky's patience was Sharikov's statement that he wanted to sign with the typist and live with her in the professor's apartment. To get rid of Preobrazhensky, he writes a denunciation of the professor, after which he turns him back into a dog.
Unfortunately, in real life, getting rid of "ball" is not so easy. How many of them are among us - spitting on the floor, swearing, not burdened by upbringing and moral standards, considering their behavior the only possible and correct one. If only they could all transplant the pituitary glands of smart, well-bred dogs!
Composition about Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov
The story of Mikhail Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog" is the story of an experiment to turn a dog into a human.
A successful professor, Filipp Filippovich Preobrazhensky, with his assistant Dr. Bormental, in a luxurious Soviet apartment, perform a complex operation to transplant part of the human brain into a dog.
Thus begins the story of a new man.
The key figure in Bulgakov's story is Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov.
At first he is a miserable, hungry and tortured street dog. He is just looking for somewhere to get food, but a quiet place to lick his wounds. Like any living creature, he wants warmth and affection. And here is a happy accident! The "Magician and Magician from a Dog's Tale" appears - this is exactly what the professor looks like in the eyes of a mongrel. He picks up a good-natured dog, but not in order to give him a home and care. The ball is destined to become the object of the professor's experiment.
Having performed a pituitary transplant operation, Preobrazhensky and Bormental observe changes in the physiology of the dog, the gradual transformation of the dog into a human being.
Throughout the story, Sharikov is becoming a citizen. Gradually, he turns from an ordinary stray dog into a person. And now he is no longer an ordinary mongrel Sharik, but a new citizen Sharikov.
This is a new person, albeit a “laboratory creature”. And like any other, he wants to have his own name, rights and freedoms. Wants to be a citizen in the Soviet state. A respectable citizen does not come out of him, but he is trying to develop: he demands documents and even gets a job catching stray animals.
In Sharikov, the character traits of Chugunkin, whose pituitary gland was transplanted to the dog, appear. Chugunkin is a very, immoral type - a thief and a recidivist. These features make Bulgakov's character not the most pleasant person. Sharikov is outrageous, swearing, pestering women, drinking. The professor does not lose hope of re-educating his ward, but the behavior of the Polygraph is only getting worse. Preobrazhensky realizes that the experiment was a failure when Sharikov writes a denunciation against him and threatens to kill him.
Philipp Philippovich had no idea that the experiment would turn out this way. Sharikov becomes a problem for the professor. Preobrazhensky performs another operation and reverses the transformation of Polygraph Sharikov into a good-natured dog.
Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov is a rather ambiguous figure. He is no longer a kind street dog, but not Klim Chugunkin either. He is an incredible symbiosis of a dog and a man, a failed experiment.
After all, an ordinary stray dog did not want to become a man. “Maybe I didn’t give my permission for the operation,” says Sharikov.
Did Professor Preobrazhensky have the right to control the fate of living beings? An experiment for the benefit of science that crossed the boundaries of moral principles. That is why the story "Heart of a Dog" remains relevant today.
Ball in Bulgakov's story Heart of a Dog
Bulgakov M. A's story "Heart of a Dog" is not just about the professor's experiment. Bulgakov draws attention to the first type of person who appeared in the laboratory of scientists. The whole essence of the story is based on the relationship of one scientist and Sharik, a man and a dog that did not appear naturally. First, the story is about a speech inside a hungry yard dog. He draws conclusions about life on the street, its way of life, the nature of Moscow customs, its restaurants and shops. He values kindness and affection, he is a very sympathetic dog.
At what moment in the life of Sharik there is a complete revolution, he lives with the professor, where there are a huge number of rooms. But the professor needs the dog for his experiment. Preobrazhensky transplants the dog with the brain of a man who in the past was Chugunkin, played the balalaika, led a wild life, for which he was killed. As a result of the experiment, the professor succeeded, Sharik became a man, but he took the genes of his ancestor, he was arrogant, boorish, not well-mannered, inadequate, not knowing anything at all, and not understanding about human relations.
Differences began between the professor and Sharikov. The whole essence of the problem lies in the fact that a barely obtained person finds support in society in order to resist his creator. And they inspire Sharikov that the Professor is his worst enemy number one. It got to the point that Sharikov brought him a paper on the fact that he has a share in his apartment.
He personally realizes the main worldview of the new masters of life: do what you want, steal, smash everything that others have done, but the main thing is to be like others. And yet, the ungrateful former dog brought the professor paper, where he was supposed to, some share in his apartment. Such qualities as moral principles, shame, or conscience are alien to Sharikov.
The further, the worse he behaved, drank, had fun, brought to the professor's house, whomever he got, rioted there as he liked. But the point was that he found himself a job as the head of cleaning the city from homeless animals. But this is not surprising, he always tried to substitute his own. At one point, he brought a girl to the apartment, and said that he wanted to marry her. The professor told Sharikov's past, the girl, weeping, naturally did not know anything, he deceived her by inventing various legends about himself. In the story, Preobrazhensky managed to return everything to normal, he turned the dog Sharik from the man Sharikov. And life went on as usual. The conflict of generations consists in misunderstanding and disputes that arise between older and younger age categories. The cause of disputes and disagreements are different life priorities and principles.
In Privshin's fairy tale, great importance is given to Mother Nature, who holds this fragile world. Indeed, nature gives life to our entire planet.
The city of my dreams is a very interesting topic for reflection. The city in which I live is far from a modern and comfortable city. And every time something doesn't suit us in our city
Chatsky - is a key character in the work, called "Woe from Wit." Initially, the author assigned the work a completely different title, in which there was no preposition "from"
The story of Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog" was written in 1925, and was first published only in 1968, and even then in far abroad countries. Domestic readers saw it only in 1987. In such a short time (from the first edition to the present day), the text has taken root in quotations (to be fair, it should be noted that in many respects the film of Vladimir Bortko should be thanked for this). The image of Polygraph Poligrafovich contained all the shortcomings of the representatives of the lower social class, and in his relationships with others, the author demonstrated the fate of contemporary Russia (then, of course, the Soviet Union). How is Sharikov different from Shvonder, Preobrazhensky and Bormental, and why has his name managed to become a household name?
Recall the plot of the story: Professor Preobrazhensky, as part of an experiment to “improve the human race”, with the help of Bormental’s assistant, transplants the pituitary gland and testes of the deceased alcoholic Klim Chugunkin to the outbred dog Sharik. As a result of a unique operation, the animal evolves in a few days into a disgusting creature that has inherited some of the habits of a dog, and the character and mentality of a human donor. The head of the house administration, Shvonder, is trying to educate a representative of the proletariat from the new tenant, which brings monstrous results: the former dog becomes a citizen of Sharikov Polygraph Poligrafovich and demands that his rights be respected, as he represents them. As a result, after the emergence of a tangible threat from his offspring, Preobrazhensky turns the experiment back and brings an ordinary dog back to life.
Comparison
Obviously, one of the main differences between Sharikov and other characters is his artificial origin. He appeared as a result of the experiment, as a result of the experiment he was destroyed (after all, a dog cannot be considered a person). This creature lives on instincts and habits inherited from two donors, and has no experience of its own.
It is interesting to consider what is the difference between Sharikov and Shvonder. They are usually considered negative characters and contrasted with positive ones - Bormental and Preobrazhensky. However, in fact, the head of the house administration, despite the attitude of the professor, is just a means to strengthen in society the same monsters as the newly appeared citizen. Shvonder is the personification of the new government, arrogant and incompetent, and they have one function - to give rights. Whom? Such ball-shaped ones that have arisen from nowhere and can only destroy.
Shvonder and Sharikov
With the presence of Shvonder, Professor Preobrazhensky resigns himself, although he successfully confronts him on the issue of the apartment's rooms. The position of an intellectual is “do what you want, just don’t interfere with work.” Of course, he does not approve of the new order, he notices the devastation and its sources, but he is not afraid and does not worry too much, despite the stolen galoshes. Sharikov inspires fear in him, and far from being irrational. This image is seen as a new full-fledged citizen of a young country - a lumpen, living by instincts, uneducated, aggressive, not feeling and not bearing any responsibility, in a word - "boor and a pig."
Comrades from the house management Unlike Sharikov, Shvonder and his colleagues are ideological people, although their ideas are rather pitiful. They act according to the letter of the new laws and in the spirit of the new times, do not call for physical violence and prefer agitation. Sharikov, on the other hand, recognizes only the impact of force, moreover, directed mutually: the canine nature, with threats from Bormental, “tucks its tail”, but finds the opportunity to stealthily “gnaw out galoshes” to the owners. Communist ideas for him are a means of obtaining material benefits and nothing more.
Preobrazhensky and Sharikov What is the difference between Sharikov and Preobrazhensky with Bormental? The latter are highly educated, intelligent, cultured people, experts in their field. The hybrid that appeared as a result of the experiment is a slacker who “picked up” newspaper headlines and clichés, capable only of destroying cats, and even then thanks to dog instincts that have not yet been outlived. Scientists are trying not to educate, but to train their creation, explaining to him the elementary rules of behavior. However, this does not help Sharikov become more cultured: he even chooses plebeian entertainment and food.
Preobrazhensky and Bormental We see how the power of professional authority and honest money (Preobrazhensky) is yielding and will completely yield to the power of denunciation and a revolver (Sharikov). The surgeon realizes that he is losing his influence, and he has to resort to violence and even symbolic murder, a crime, although Chugunkin has long been dead, and the dog Sharik remains alive and even happy.
In addition to the obvious belonging to different social groups and origins (Polygraf Poligrafovich is still a former dog), the difference between these images is manifested in the much less caricature and collectiveness of Preobrazhensky and Bormental. It is believed that the prototypes of Philip Philipovich were several prominent scientists of that time, including Ivan Pavlov. Sharikov, on the other hand, cannot have a prototype - this is the image of a hero of the new time, who Bulgakov had only just seen. Marginals, of course, have existed at all times, but marginal people with power and weapons are a sign of Russia, in which the Shvonders defeated the Preobrazhensky.
The subject of the work
At one time, the satirical story of M. Bulgakov caused a lot of talk. In "Heart of a Dog" the heroes of the work are bright and memorable; the plot is fantasy mixed with reality and a subtext in which sharp criticism of Soviet power is openly read. Therefore, the work was very popular among dissidents in the 60s, and in the 90s, after its official publication, it was completely recognized as prophetic.
The theme of the tragedy of the Russian people is clearly visible in this work, in the "Heart of a Dog" the main characters enter into an irreconcilable conflict among themselves and will never understand each other. And, although the proletarians won in this confrontation, Bulgakov in the novel reveals to us the whole essence of the revolutionaries and their type of new person in the person of Sharikov, leading to the idea that they will not create or do anything good.
There are only three main characters in Heart of a Dog, and the narration is mainly conducted from Bormental's diary and through the dog's monologue.
Characteristics of the main characters
Sharikov
The character that appeared as a result of the operation from the mongrel Sharik. The transplantation of the pituitary and gonads of the drunkard and rowdy Klim Chugunkin turned a sweet and friendly dog into Polygraph Polygraphych, a parasite and a hooligan.
Sharikov embodies all the negative features of the new society: he spits on the floor, throws cigarette butts, does not know how to use the restroom and constantly swears. But even this is not the worst - Sharikov quickly learned to write denunciations and found a calling in the murder of his eternal enemies, cats. And while he deals only with cats, the author makes it clear that he will do the same with people who stand in his way.
This is the low power of the people and Bulgakov saw a threat to the whole society in the rudeness and narrow-mindedness with which the new revolutionary government solves problems.
Professor Preobrazhensky
An experimenter who uses innovative developments in solving the problem of rejuvenation through organ transplants. He is a well-known world scientist, a surgeon respected by all, whose "speaking" surname gives him the right to experiment with nature.
Used to live in a big way - servants, a house of seven rooms, chic dinners. His patients are former nobles and the highest revolutionary officials who patronize him.
Preobrazhensky is a solid, successful and self-confident person. The professor - an opponent of any terror and Soviet power, calls them "blathers and idlers." He considers affection the only way to communicate with living beings and denies the new government precisely for radical methods and violence. His opinion: if people are accustomed to culture, then devastation will disappear.
The rejuvenation operation gave an unexpected result - the dog turned into a man. But the man came out completely useless, not amenable to education and absorbing the worst. Philipp Philippovich concludes that nature is not a field for experiments, and he interfered in its laws in vain.
Dr. Bormenthal
Ivan Arnoldovich is completely devoted to his teacher. At one time, Preobrazhensky took an active part in the fate of a half-starved student - he enrolled in the department, and then took him on as an assistant.
The young doctor tried in every possible way to culturally develop Sharikov, and then moved to the professor altogether, as it became more and more difficult to cope with a new person.
The apotheosis was the denunciation that Sharikov wrote against the professor. At the climax, when Sharikov took out a revolver and was ready to use it, it was Bromenthal who showed firmness and rigidity, while Preobrazhensky hesitated, not daring to kill his creation.
The positive characterization of the heroes of "Heart of a Dog" emphasizes how important honor and dignity are for the author. Bulgakov described himself and his relatives in many of the features of both doctors, and in many respects would have acted the same way as they did.
Shvonder
The newly elected chairman of the house committee, who hates the professor as a class enemy. This is a schematic hero, without deep reasoning.
Shvonder completely bows to the new revolutionary government and its laws, and sees in Sharikov not a person, but a new useful unit of society - he can buy textbooks and magazines, participate in meetings.
Sh. can be called Sharikov's ideological mentor, he tells him about the rights in Preobrazhensky's apartment and teaches him to write denunciations. The chairman of the house committee, because of his narrow-mindedness and lack of education, always hesitates and passes in conversations with the professor, but this makes him hate him even more.
Other heroes
The list of characters in the story would not be complete without two au pairs - Zina and Daria Petrovna. They recognize the superiority of the professor, and, like Bormental, are completely devoted to him and agree to commit a crime for the sake of their beloved master. They proved this at the time of the second operation to turn Sharikov into a dog, when they were on the side of the doctors and exactly followed all their instructions.
You got acquainted with the characterization of the heroes of Bulgakov's "Heart of a Dog", a fantastic satire that anticipated the collapse of Soviet power immediately after its appearance - the author, back in 1925, showed the whole essence of those revolutionaries and what they are capable of.
Artwork test
