Gonococcus Chlamydia Ureaplasma Mycoplasma Trichomonas. What is mycoplasmosis, chlamydia and trichomoniasis? Treatment of a combination of chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis

Trichomoniasis, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis are diseases of the genitourinary system, sexually transmitted diseases (STIs), the causative agent of which does not belong to gonococci. These diseases are today recognized as one of the most urgent socio-medical problems, which is due to the wide spread of the infection.

The diseases mycoplasmosis, trichomoniasis and chlamydia are combined into a group of urogenital latent infections according to the principle of similarity in the method of infection (transmission), clinical picture and consequences in society.

Medical statistics confirm that annually mycoplasmosis and chlamydia are detected in a larger number of women and men examined. But trichomoniasis still occupies a leading position among infectious and inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system, sexually transmitted. According to WHO, one tenth of the world's population is infected with this infection.

What is trichomoniasis?

This infectious disease that occurs in the organs of the genitourinary tract is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis.

Gonorrhea, chlamydia and other sexually transmitted infections

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea- sexually transmitted infectious disease STD) (during traditional sexual intercourse, as well as during anal and / or oral sexual intercourse), which is based on damage to the mucous membrane of the urethra, which determines the violation of urination. It can also be a household way of transmitting gonorrhea.

Sometimes the causative agent gonococcus, can be in the body for a long time, especially in the female, without causing any symptoms. This is the insidiousness of the disease. Symptoms of gonorrheal urethritis usually occur 3-5 days after intercourse with an infected partner. The first symptom is a burning sensation and pain in the urethra when urinating. After this, there is frequent urge to urinate and purulent thick yellowish-brown discharge from the urethra. These secretions have an unpleasant odor and become thicker after a while. The external opening of the urethra swells, becomes red, and small ulcers may even appear.

Diagnosis of gonorrhea requires a professional approach, although it usually does not cause problems, since the gonococcus is well microscopic when examining discharge from the urethra. With a long course of the disease in men, the testicle and its appendage (orchitis, epididymitis) are affected, which often leads to infertility. gonorrheal urethritis may be complicated by the development of urethral strictures, which are essentially narrowing of the urethra. The latter can significantly interfere with urination and lead to damage to the bladder and kidneys.

gonorrhea treatment should be carried out by a qualified doctor and all partners, otherwise it will be ineffective. Antibiotics are used. With timely initiation of therapy, the disease can be cured. With a far advanced process that takes more than two months, chronic infection is possible. In such cases, treatment should be long-term and necessarily includes local therapy. Surgical treatment is indicated for post-gonorrheal urethral strictures.

Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis - also an STD caused by a protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. In the male body, it lives in the prostate gland and seminal vesicles. But the first time they enter the body, Trichomonas always cause inflammation of the urethra - urethritis. Infection occurs sexually through contact with a sick or carrier of the infection.
The incubation period averages about 10 days. Characteristic itching in the region of the glans penis during urination, later spreading to the entire urethra, meager whitish or gray foamy discharge from the urethra are typical manifestations of trichomoniasis. Blood streaks in semen (hemospermia) are a possible occurrence. If left untreated, after 3-4 weeks, all symptoms disappear and the disease becomes chronic. At the same time, the patient regularly experiences exacerbations associated with violent sexual intercourse, alcohol consumption, etc. Trichomonas infection especially dangerous because it quickly "gets" to the prostate gland and seminal vesicles, causing the development of chronic prostatitis and vesiculitis. Chronic orchiepididymitis often leads to infertility.

Urethral swab microscopy, culture, and other methods are used to detect Trichomonas. Treatment, as in the case of other STDs, must be provided to all partners, regardless of the results of laboratory tests. The course of treatment with antibacterial drugs is an average of 10 days. After its completion, instillation (washing) of the urethra with drugs is indicated. At the time of treatment, it is necessary to give up sexual intercourse and follow a diet. At the end of treatment and twice more with an interval of 1 month, control analyzes of the urogenital microflora are carried out.

Chlamydia

Chlamydia - STD caused by intermediate forms of microorganisms - neither bacteria nor viruses - chlamydia. Two of the 15 varieties of chlamydia affect the human genitourinary system, causing urogenital chlamydia. The disease is often combined with other genitourinary infections - trichomoniasis, gardnerellosis, ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis.

The incubation period is from 1 to 3 weeks. Transparent discharge from the urethra in the morning, itching or discomfort during urination, sticking of the lips of the external opening of the urethra are the initial signs of chlamydia. Sometimes there is weakness, slightly increased body temperature. Chlamydia in general often proceeds without the expressed symptoms. Even without treatment, after a while (about 2 weeks), the symptoms of the disease disappear - and this ... yes, yes - a chronic course, waiting in the wings. The chronic process often extends to the epididymis, which can lead to an obstructive form of male infertility.

Hemorrhagic cystitis and chronic inflammation of the urethra caused by chlamydia, followed by scarring and strictures, is a possible reality with untimely or not started treatment.

Chlamydia may cause damage to other organs. This is called Reiter's syndrome, which includes damage to the eyes (chlamydial conjunctivitis), joints (large and small) of the skin, internal organs, such as the liver.

Diagnosis and treatment chlamydia quite complex and labor intensive. The most accurate and affordable method for determining chlamydia in the discharge from the urethra today is the immunofluorescence reaction (RIF) using antibodies labeled with a special substance - FITC. Antibiotics, immunomodulatory therapy, multivitamin therapy, normalization of lifestyle, diet, cessation of sexual activity during treatment ... All partners are treated at the same time. At the end of the course, control tests are mandatory. If chlamydia is not detected, then the tests are carried out 2 more times in 1 month. Only then can we talk about the effectiveness of the therapy.

Genital herpes
Genital herpes - is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the human herpes simplex virus (HPV), which is represented by 6 types. The human genitourinary system affects type II.

Infection with the virus is possible both through sexual contact with the patient, and through kissing, using towels, common utensils, linen, that is, through the household. The disease is highly contagious (infectious) during an exacerbation.

The incubation period is 3-7 days. At the beginning of the disease, vesicles appear on the glans penis and the inner leaf of the foreskin, surrounded by a red border. Bubbles may appear on the scrotum, in the perineum. As they open, the bubbles are left to erode, drain, sometimes forming (in severe cases) large lesions.

At herpetic urethritis similar phenomena occur on the mucous membrane of the urethra. Pain, burning in the urethra during urination are characteristic signs. There is discharge from the urethra in the morning, in the form of a drop on the linen. Perhaps an increase in body temperature, an increase in inguinal lymph nodes.

If left untreated, 3/4 of those infected with the virus will relapse (the symptoms of the disease usually go away on their own in 1-2 weeks). Provoke another relapse of the disease, usually protracted, can stress, impaired immunity, colds, malnutrition.

Against the backdrop of a chronic course urogenital herpes own conditionally pathogenic (pathogenic) bacterial flora of the body (staphylococcus, streptococcus, E. coli) can be activated. In this case, it can be quite difficult to cure diseases caused by these pathogens (urethritis, prostatitis, vesiculitis).

Diagnostics herpes of the urinary tract does not present any particular difficulties, since the manifestations of the disease are quite characteristic, but the treatment of a herpes infection, like any other viral infection, today does not shine with effectiveness (in comparison with bacterial diseases), especially in unskilled hands. An effective drug for herpes is acyclovir, which can be used both in the form of tablets and in injections, in the form of an ointment. However, this drug only stops (stops) the stage of acute inflammation and avoids relapses. Immunotherapy is also needed. In general, if the patient is ill herpes, then he needs to study the immune status.

Urea- and mycoplasmosis

Ureaplasmosis and mycoplasmosis caused by pathogens, respectively - Ureaplasma urealiticum and Micoplasma hominis, occupying an intermediate position between viruses, bacteria and protozoa. The similarity of diseases allows almost always to consider them together. You can only become infected through sexual contact with a sick person or a carrier. ureaplasmas (mycoplasmas).

The incubation period is from 2-3 weeks to 2 months. The disease debuts with symptoms of urethritis, which does not have specific features (burning or itching during urination, morning discharge from the urethra, a low temperature and a deterioration in general well-being are possible). Urethritis caused by ureaplasma (mycoplasma) is often accompanied by inflammation of the foreskin and glans penis - balanoposthitis. The clinical picture in severity can vary from very bright, acute to erased, subtle or almost complete absence of clinical manifestations (only slight morning discharge).

Symptoms ureaplasmosis quickly disappear in the absence of therapy and the inflammation becomes chronic, but after a while, an exacerbation occurs again. At the same time, in men, the inflammatory process again most often passes to the prostate gland and seminal vesicles, causing chronic ureaplasmic prostatitis and vesiculitis. And after a certain time, chronic bilateral epididymitis develops, which often ends with obliteration of the epididymis and an obstructive form of infertility. With the development of ureaplasma orchitis, a violation of the secretory function of the testicles and the development of a secretory form of infertility are possible. Mycoplasma cystitis and pyelonephritis (transition of the inflammatory process to the kidney) may also develop.

Ureaplasmosis And mycoplasmosis are diagnosed by modern methods of DNA diagnostics, or the so-called polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Treatment must be carried out for all partners. Antibacterial drugs are used in a course lasting an average of 2 weeks. It is also necessary to use immunomodulatory therapy (drugs that increase the body's immunity), local treatment (instillation of medicinal substances into the urethra, physiotherapy, prostatitis - prostate massage).

At the time of treatment, it is necessary to refrain from sexual activity, diet.

Control studies are carried out at the end of the course of treatment to determine its effectiveness. They are carried out for 3 months after the end of treatment.

Gardnerellosis

Gardnerellosis caused by bacteria and sexually transmitted. The incubation period averages 7-10 days, but can vary from 3 days to 5 weeks. Often there is a mixed infection with gardnerella with gonococci, Trichomonas, chlamydia, mycoplasmas.

Gardnerellosis equally often affects men and women, but in men its manifestations are often subtle and it is found less frequently. Asymptomatic carriage of gardnerella is possible, while the carrier of this infection quickly infects all of its sexual partners with it.

In men gardnerella causes as a rule. In this condition, the discharge from the urethra is scanty, gray in color, watery, with an unpleasant fishy odor. Other manifestations include burning, itching, or simply discomfort when urinating.

With prolonged asymptomatic course gardnerella infection leads to the development of orchiepididymitis and infertility.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), based on the specific determination of the DNA of a given microorganism in smears from the urethra of a man, helps in the diagnosis.

All partners are treated, otherwise it will not be effective. Therapy of gardnerella infection is carried out with antibacterial drugs, taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogen, as well as the presence of other infectious agents. The duration of treatment for gardnerellosis is from 1 to 3 weeks, but in each case it should be determined individually. Refusal of sexual intercourse and adherence to a special diet for the period of therapy. At the end of the course of treatment, control studies of the urogenital microflora are carried out.

Human papillomavirus (human papillomatosis virus)

To date, more than 60 varieties of this virus are known, causing both the appearance of common, plantar and palmar warts, and warts of the genital organs - genital warts - limited papillary growths of the skin and mucous membranes of a person of an inflammatory nature.

The incubation period of the disease is usually 2-3 months for a person, but can be significantly reduced or extended (up to several years) depending on the state of immunity. In addition to the classical route of transmission of the infection - sexual, with the introduction of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), data have appeared on the possible transmission of this virus from mother to child during pregnancy and childbirth. The possibility of transmission of the virus through the blood, during breastfeeding, through objects and clothing (in the household way) is not completely excluded. However, the main route of transmission of the papillomatosis virus is still sexual. Sometimes the papillomatosis virus is detected in the patient's blood by chance during an examination (for example, in a woman during pregnancy) in the absence of any external manifestations of the disease. In such cases, it is necessary to consult an immunologist in order to correct the lifestyle, and, if necessary, treatment. Long-term carriage of the papillomatosis virus can undermine the strength of even a relatively strong body, especially reducing the local immunity of the pelvic organs and genital organs.

It should be noted that a patient or a carrier of papillomavirus infection of the genitals is prone to infection with other sexually transmitted diseases - chlamydia, trichomoniasis, ureaplasmosis, etc. Papillomavirus infection of the genital area in general is often accompanied by a whole "bouquet" of sexually transmitted diseases. The treatment of such patients is much longer, labor-intensive and expensive.

As mentioned above, genital warts are a manifestation and the main symptom of papillomavirus infection of the genital organs. Papillomovirus, as it enters the human body, spreads through the bloodstream and is fixed on the cells of the epithelium of the genital organs, perineum or anus. Further, the virus invades the epithelial cell and, embedding in its DNA, makes the cell work and live differently - the cell begins to actively grow and divide, as a result of which, after a while, growths characteristic of the disease appear in the form of genital warts. The size of one condyloma usually does not exceed a few millimeters, but their number can vary from a single condyloma to tens and hundreds. It is even possible to completely cover the genitals, perineum and anus. It is these places that are the most typical localization of genital warts. In men, as a rule, single formations should be sought on the foreskin or in the region of the coronal sulcus, in women - on the labia minora. Condylomas do not go away on their own, and if they are accidentally or intentionally damaged, a bleeding and poorly healing ulcer may form in their place.

As for diagnosis, it is not difficult for an experienced doctor to determine genital warts only by its appearance. However, to confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to detect virus DNA in the patient's blood, which is best done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It is also necessary to conduct a thorough study of the human urogenital microflora in order to exclude the presence of other STD pathogens in the blood.

It is often necessary to refer such a patient for a consultation with an immunologist, or at least an examination of the patient's immune status.

Complications of papillomavirus infection include suppuration, ulceration, a sharp decrease in local and general immunity, as a result of which a person becomes susceptible to any infectious disease, and also (this has not yet been finally proven) cancer may occur at the site of genital warts.

To date, there is no drug that can completely destroy or remove the causative agent of papillomavirus infection of the genital area from the body. Therefore, treatment is limited to local removal of genital warts, for example, by cryotherapy (liquid nitrogen) - an inexpensive, but in the hands of an experienced doctor, a fairly convenient and safe method, as well as diathermocoagulation (high-energy thermal radiation) or a laser and a course of immunocorrective (regulating immunity) therapy.

For the prevention of human papillomavirus infection, it is necessary to adhere to simple rules of sexual hygiene. From infection with viral infections, which, in addition to papillomavirus, also includes the AIDS virus, only expensive condoms, for example, American or European production, which undergo a special test for the impermeability of their pores to virus particles, will protect. They are marked with the anti-AIDS sign.
Don't skimp on condoms! And remember that a condom does not give a 100% guarantee of protection against infection. A permanent sexual partner whom you fully trust, and the rejection of casual relationships is the best prevention of infection.

At the slightest suspicion of the appearance of genital warts in the genital area, you should immediately seek advice from a specialist - urologist, venereologist or gynecologist.

Improper use of drugs for the treatment of genital warts is fraught with either their insufficient dosage, or vice versa - excessive exposure that can damage healthy tissues. Also, a non-professional always has a risk of confusing genital warts with some other disease, for example, with a malignant tumor. It is better not to take risks and entrust your health to specialists - this will provide you with a full, long and happy sex life.

Adviсe:
* Untreated or improperly treated urethritis, as the primary and most common nosological form of inflammation of the genitourinary tract, becomes chronic after 2 months, even if the clinical manifestations are minimal and sometimes invisible to the patient himself, and in the chronic course of urethritis, the appearance of numerous complications is almost inevitable, both from the side genital organs, as well as from other body systems.
* The examination should be comprehensive, including drugs aimed at the mechanism of the disease (local treatment, immunotherapy, enzyme therapy, physiotherapy, etc.) and drugs aimed at destroying the pathogen (antibiotics).
* A complete examination of the patient should also include an examination of his sexual partners.
*After the end of treatment for chronic urethritis complicated by prostatitis, patients often do not have time to normalize the main functions of the prostate gland, the state of local anti-infective immunity of the urethra, and the composition of the secretion of the prostate gland. In this case, rehabilitation measures should be carried out aimed at restoring the secretory and barrier functions of the prostate gland, restoring the protective microflora of the urethra, normalizing the hormonal background, and eliminating neurogenic complications. This can only be done by an experienced urologist.
*After the end of the treatment of urethritis, the patient is allowed to have sex using a condom. Sexual life without a condom is possible only if the sexual partners are cured.

Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases in men after a casual relationship:
In case of unprotected sexual contact, it is necessary to wash the genitals with soap as soon as possible, go to the toilet and urinate, then treat the genitals with an antiseptic drug, such as miramistin or betadine, and undergo medical prophylaxis with a specialist (possible within a few days after intercourse, in the form of one or two intramuscular injections or tablets, ineffective against genital herpes, HIV and viral hepatitis). After two weeks, it is advisable to be diagnosed for urethral infections by PCR, and after a month and a half, donate blood for antibodies to HIV, hepatitis and treponema pallidum (syphilis).
Avoid sexual relations with a regular sexual partner before passing the appropriate examination.

Question: How to treat simultaneously chlamydia, ureaplasmosis and mycoplasmosis?

What is the treatment for simultaneous chlamydia, ureaplasmosis and mycoplasmosis?

The presence of several diseases at the same time, for example, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis and mycoplasmosis in the human body is called mixed infection. Therapy of mixed infection is quite complicated and must be carried out with effective drugs. The main treatment for mixed infection chlamydia + ureaplasmosis + mycoplasmosis are broad-spectrum antibiotics. Moreover, the number of antibacterial drugs that are used to treat mixed infections should be minimized. Thus, it is necessary to choose one drug with a wide spectrum of activity, and not to prescribe two or three drugs, each of which has a relatively small spectrum of antibacterial activity.

In addition to antibiotics, various agents can be used to treat mixed infections that reduce the severity of symptoms and improve the penetration of antibacterial agents into the inflammation site. Currently, the following drugs are used as adjuvants in the treatment of mixed infections:

Immunomodulators from the group of interferons, for example, Pyrogenal, Immunal, Genferon, Viferon, Likopid, Imunomax, Polyoxidonium, etc.;
Enzyme agents, for example, Wobenzym, Phlogenzym, Lidaza, etc.;
Preparations that improve microcirculation, for example, Trental, Curantil, etc.;
Complex multivitamins, for example, Centrum, Vitrum, Alphabet, Multi-Tabs, etc.;
Probiotics, for example, Bifidumbacterin, Bifiform, Lactobacterin, etc.;
Physiotherapeutic procedures (for example, electrical stimulation of the urethra, laser therapy, magnetotherapy, vibroacoustic therapy).

Today among doctors and patients one can often hear the opinion that the treatment of mixed infection can be started after the results of bacteriological seeding for the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics are known. In principle, this approach is justified, however, not in relation to mixed infection ureaplasmosis + mycoplasmosis + chlamydia. The fact is that chlamydia are intracellular microorganisms that are difficult to inoculate on the medium, and therefore determining their sensitivity to antibiotics by bacteriological seeding is simply impossible. Thus, in order to start the treatment of mixed infection, it is not necessary to perform bacteriological culture with the determination of the sensitivity of microorganisms to various antibiotics.

To start treatment, you should choose an antibiotic that is detrimental to all three microorganisms - chlamydia, mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas. Currently, there are several groups of highly effective antibiotics - fluoroquinolones and macrolides, which are detrimental to all three microbes - mycoplasmas, chlamydia and ureaplasmas. Macrolides and fluoroquinolones effective against mycoplasmas, ureaplasmas and chlamydia are shown in the table.

What is the treatment for trichomoniasis and chlamydia?

Infectious diseases trichomoniasis and chlamydia are very similar, but at the same time, they have slightly different clinical manifestations and features of therapy. This article will tell about what trichomoniasis and chlamydia are, how to treat them.

Characteristics of diseases

Trichomoniasis is a very common acute infectious disease. The main way of infection with them is unprotected sexual intercourse (traditional sex) with the carrier of the infection. As for the transmission of the disease through oral or anal sex, this is unlikely.

Important! Trichomoniasis is genital infection. For this reason, they cannot be infected through shaking hands, sharing utensils or kissing.

Despite this, there is a small risk of transmission of the disease when using someone else's underwear, using a wet washcloth, towels and visiting the bath. This is justified by the fact that Trichomonas is able to actively live in a humid environment for several more hours.

In the event that the infection with this disease occurred in a domestic way, then, as a rule, a person does not even know about it and finds out during a routine diagnosis. In most cases, then the infection has already acquired a chronic form.

After the penetration of Trichomonas into the human body, the incubation period begins. It lasts for 2-3 weeks. At this time, pathogenic bacteria adapt to a new habitat, after which they begin to actively make themselves felt.

During the incubation period of the bacterium, the patient does not feel any signs of the disease.

As for chlamydia, it is also infectious sexually transmitted disease. It is characteristic that the causative agents of this infection - chlamydia, can affect not only the genitals (vagina, cervix), but also the rectum, urethra in men and eyes.

Carefully! Chlamydia is considered an extremely common disease.

According to studies, it is observed in 10% of people under thirty who are sexually active.

Most susceptible to this infection are those people who often change sexual partners and practice sex without barrier contraception (condom).

You should know that most often chlamydia infection occurs during intimate intercourse (traditional or anal, it does not make much difference, since the probability of transmission of the infection is equally high in both cases).

In addition, chlamydia can also be transmitted from mother to newborn child through sexual contact. In this condition, the baby has a high risk of developing pneumonia and eye diseases.

The household route of transmission of such an infection is not excluded, but it is unlikely. This is justified by the fact that these pathogenic bacteria die very quickly when they are outside the human body.

Moreover, for a full-fledged infection, it is necessary that a large number of active chlamydia penetrate the body. Otherwise, infection will not occur.

After chlamydia enters the body, the incubation period begins. It may take one to three weeks for the first symptoms to develop.

Symptoms of trichomoniasis

Manifestations and general symptoms of trichomoniasis are not much different from traditional pathologies of the genitourinary system. Moreover, very often this infection is confused with gonorrhea, since the signs of these pathologies are also quite similar.

Reference! A very important role in the features of the manifestation of trichomoniasis is played by the form of its course. Thus, a person can have an acute infection, a chronic infection, and a condition such as a carrier state, when a man or woman does not get sick themselves, but can infect other people.

The acute type of infection is manifested by pronounced symptoms.

Women may experience the following symptoms:

In men, the acute form of this disease can provoke the following symptoms:

Weakness and pain when urinating.
Decreased sex drive and prostate problems.
Burning during intimate intercourse.
The appearance of unpleasant discharge from the urethra, which most often occurs in the morning.
Fever and fever occurs with a weakened immune system, when infections are very easy to infect the body.

In the chronic form of the course, trichomoniasis has the same symptoms as in the acute one, but they are mild and the person may not even pay attention to them.

As a rule, the chronic form of such a disease is detected already when it began to cause dangerous complications. That is why infectious disease specialists strongly recommend regularly taking a preventive test for trichomoniasis, even if a person, at first glance, is not bothered by any signs of pathology.

In the event that a person is only a carrier of such a disease, then the least harm is done to his body. Thanks to a strong immune system, he will not suffer from the consequences of trichomoniasis, however, in the event of a sharp decrease in immunity, the disease can again become acute.

Symptoms and signs of chlamydia

Chlamydia (trichomoniasis, its symptoms are very similar to this disease) is characterized by a sluggish course, so most patients learn that they are infected by accident.

This infection can occur in acute and chronic forms, each of which has its own symptoms.

During an acute course, men may develop the following signs of the disease:

Hyperemia of the urethra and its severe inflammation.
Swelling of the head of the penis.
The appearance of unpleasant mucous or purulent discharge from the urethra.
Pain when urinating.
General deterioration of health and fever.
Weakness.

Attention! In advanced form, chronic chlamydia in men will not cause acute symptoms, but it can provoke the development of prostatitis, proctitis and urethritis.

In women, acute chlamydia usually presents with the following symptoms:

Discomfort during intercourse and pain during urination.
Inflammation of the genitals.
Drawing pain in lower abdomen.
The appearance of vaginal discharge, which has a specific character.

Carefully! Untreated chlamydia, both in men and women, can cause a very dangerous complication in the form of infertility.

That is why it is important to respond to its manifestations in time and treat this disease.

It should also be noted that sometimes such an infection for a long time may not manifest itself at all, that is, proceed without symptoms. For this reason, every six months, both sexual partners need to take a preventive analysis.

Chlamydia treatment

Treatment when chlamydia is detected largely depends on the form of the disease, its neglect, symptoms and the presence of concomitant pathologies in a person. Thus, therapy is selected for each patient individually.

Treatment of chlamydia is aimed at suppressing the activity of chlamydia and preventing the development of dangerous complications.

At the same time, it is worth remembering that chlamydia themselves are highly resistant to many drugs, so the doctor must supervise the therapy and replace the medicine with another if it is not effective enough.

To eliminate chlamydia, you can use the following drugs:

Medicines Doxycycline and Azithromycin. They are most often used to treat chlamydia. Usually, they are prescribed in combination and used for several weeks.
Macrolide antibiotics (Rifampicin) are considered very effective. The duration of their intake in acute infections should be at least two weeks. In the case of a chronic disease, a person needs to take such drugs in courses.
For general support of the body, the patient must be prescribed immunomodulatory drugs.
Additional drugs that can be prescribed for chlamydia are: Kladitz, Metaklin, Lomefloxacin. Dosage and method of administration is selected separately for each patient.

It is impossible to self-medicate the disease.

Important! The second sexual partner is also recommended to be tested for chlamydia and, if necessary, treated.

Treatment of trichomoniasis

The following drugs are commonly used to treat trichomoniasis:

The regimen for taking these drugs and the duration of treatment is selected individually for each patient.

Also, as a supplement, local and symptomatic therapy can be carried out.

Conclusion

Chlamydia and trichomoniasis, the treatment of which must be controlled by a doctor, requires maximum endurance and patience from the patient, since general therapy is often long and complicated.

The combination of chlamydia, mycoplasmosis and ureaplasmosis

The term mixed infection defines the development of an infectious process caused by several pathogens at once.

The causative agents of genital infections (diseases characterized by sexual transmission and predominant localization in the organs of the genitourinary system) are microorganisms of more than 20 species.

Therefore, with unprotected sex, there is a high risk of infection with several of them.

In such cases, a mixed infection develops.

It usually has a more severe course, more often leads to the development of complications.

An infectious process caused by several pathogens may have atypical clinical symptoms. Therefore, the basis for the diagnosis of such a disease is a laboratory study.

Causes of the combination of chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis

They call chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis.

Their main feature is a frequent chronic course with a practical absence of pronounced clinical manifestations.

These microorganisms have the same similarities regarding the localization of the pathological process.

After infection, they accumulate in the cells of the mucous membrane of the urethra, as well as the vagina in women.

As the disease progresses, they spread to the internal genital organs.

Leading to their inflammation and disruption of functional activity.

combination of chlamydia
mycoplasmosis and ureaplasmosis
says Lieutenant Colonel
medical service, doctor
Lenkin Sergey Gennadievich

Symptoms with a combination of chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis.

The acute course of mixed infection with simultaneous infection with several pathogens is characterized by symptoms of inflammation of the urethra (urethra), as well as the vagina in women.

These symptoms include:

I. Pain, cutting in the urethra (they usually increase during urination).
II. The appearance of mucous discharge from the urethra and vagina in women. The addition of a nonspecific infection caused by staphylococci, streptococci or Escherichia coli leads to the appearance of yellow-green discharge.

III. Redness and swelling of the external opening of the urethra.
IV. Dyspareunia, which is the appearance of pain in the vagina in women during sex. And indicates inflammation of the mucous membrane.

With a long course of mixed infection, symptoms of damage to the internal genital organs appear.

They are characterized by pain in the lower abdomen.

Violation of the functional state of the reproductive system with erectile dysfunction.

Premature ejaculation in men or changes in the menstrual cycle in women.

A frequent complication of mixed infection, in particular combined chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, is infertility.

Diagnosis of a combination of chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis

Reliable diagnosis of mixed infection is aimed at identifying pathogens.

Their identification or determination of specific antibodies to them in the blood.

For this, tests are carried out in modern laboratories.

Chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, as well as mycoplasmosis, trichomoniasis are detected by PCR.

This is the identification of the genes of microorganisms in the material under study.

ELISA (determination of specific antibodies in the blood) is also used.

Treatment of a combination of chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis

Effective therapy for mixed infection is antibiotic therapy.

It must be active against pathogens that cause chlamydia and ureaplasmosis.

Treatment is based on the use of macrolide antibiotics and tetracyclines.

If mixed infection includes chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis, then antiprotozoal drugs must be included in antibiotics.

The duration of treatment for mixed infection is determined individually.

Control of its effectiveness is carried out through repeated laboratory studies.

If you find a combination of chlamydia with mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis, please contact the author of this article - a venereologist, urologist in Moscow with 15 years of experience.

Chlamydia as part of a mixed infection

“A bunch of venereal infections” - such an expression appeared thanks to the observation of doctors: when a person has one sexually transmitted infection, it is likely that he will have several more diseases in this area. Such people first "collect" sexual infections from different partners, and then at once "gift" someone with a collected bouquet.

Very often, “in the same company” there may be chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, gonococci, trichomonas, candida, herpes, human papilloma and even treponema, the causative agent of syphilis. Doctors call such cases mixed infections.

The problem is that together these diseases manifest themselves and behave differently than separately. Some "help" each other - they hide accomplices from human immunity and create more comfortable living conditions for them.

Chlamydia, mycoplasmosis and ureaplasmosis

Mycoplasmas and ureplasmas are intracellular microbes (Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum) that are sexually transmitted. Usually they live in the body of a healthy person, without causing disease, and are activated only when the immune system is weakened, including by other microorganisms.

Up to 90% of cases of ureaplasmosis occurs as part of mixed infections. Chlamydia can also become the trigger that will undermine the health of the genitourinary system and create a comfortable climate for the development of myco- and ureaplasmosis.

Let's see how these diseases manifest themselves together and how they are treated.

Manifestations of chlamydia paired with myco- and ureaplasmosis

All 3 pathogens cause inflammation of the mucous membranes of the urinary tract. In men, the main manifestation of both chlamydia and myco-/ureplasmosis is urethritis (inflammation of the urethra).

There are universal signs of urethritis, regardless of which bacterium caused the inflammation:

itching, burning and pain in the urethra during urination and outside it;
pain in the perineum, which is given in the rectum and intensifies during sex;
redness and swelling of the mucous membrane of the external opening of the urethra.

In women, these bacteria most often spread through the genital tract and lead to flaccid inflammation in the cervix (endocervicitis).

Inflammation of the female genital organs is manifested by pulling pains in the lower abdomen and unusual vaginal discharge (more abundant than usual, unusual in color or with an unpleasant odor).

All 3 types of microorganisms can spread through the genitourinary tract to other organs of the small pelvis and lead to infertility in men and women. The most dangerous thing is that there may be no external signs of the disease at all.

All 3 pathogens can lead to infertility in men and women

What analyzes are needed?

Considering how similar the symptoms of these diseases are, you should always remember: if a person has chlamydia, myco- and ureplasmosis cannot be ruled out.

To detect the causative agents of all three infections, the PCR method (polymerase chain reaction) is suitable. This is an express analysis, thanks to which it is possible to establish with high accuracy the presence of microorganisms even in a small amount of any biological fluid. Its only drawback is its high cost.

If myco-or ureaplasmas are found in the analysis, but chlamydia is not, then a bacteriological analysis (sowing) will also have to be carried out.

To do this, one of the patient's fluids, which may contain specific pathogenic bacteria (urine, mucus from the genital tract or fluid from the prostate) is dropped into a flat test tube with nutrients (Petri dish). After that, the test tube is placed in heat and observed for several days/weeks what happens in it.

If there were bacteria in the liquid, then in warmth and satiety they will begin to multiply, and visible accumulations of microorganisms (colonies) will form in the cup.

This method helps to estimate the number of bacteria and understand how they affect the symptoms in a particular patient.

Treatment of chlamydia and ureaplasmosis

This version of the bouquet is treated with the same medicines.

You can treat 3 infections at once with one of the following drugs in the form of tablets:

Doxycycline (orally 100 mg 2 times a day, a course of 7 days),
Josamycin (500 mg orally 3 times a day for 7 days), or
Azithromycin (orally 1 g once).

To cure chlamydia, ureaplasmosis and mycoplasmosis will cost from 70 to 1500 rubles, depending on the antibiotic and the need for re-treatment - if the first course of medication did not help completely.
The probability that after treatment a person will get rid of myco- and ureplasma, and chlamydia will remain, is small, but still there. Therefore, after treatment, it is extremely important to retake tests and check how effective it was.

Chlamydia and gonorrhea: who is in charge and who is in the wings?

The causative agent of gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae, he is a microbe gonococcus. Under a microscope, gonococci look like coffee beans. Gonorrhea can affect the internal genital organs (uterus with appendages in women, prostate in men) and lead to dangerous complications - for example, cause peritonitis (infection in the abdominal cavity) and sepsis (the entry of many bacteria into the blood).

How does this pair of diseases manifest itself?

Gonorrhea usually manifests itself brightly and violently:

pus or mucus mixed with pus is abundantly excreted from the urinary tract;
genitals redden, itch or even hurt;
symptoms of general intoxication of the body (fever, weakness, fatigue) may appear.

Gonorrhea can also affect the internal genital organs: the uterus and its appendages in women, and the prostate in men. Also, gonococcus can actively multiply right in the abdominal cavity, causing peritonitis (inflammation of the membrane of the abdominal cavity), and even enter the bloodstream, which can cause sepsis (blood poisoning). These two complications are extremely dangerous and can lead to the death of the patient.

Gonorrhea can cause peritonitis and sepsis. These complications are very dangerous and can lead to the death of the patient.

In the case of peritonitis, the symptoms simply "scream" about the presence of infection and inflammation:

abdominal pains appear and then constantly increase;
abdominal muscles tense;
the general state of health worsens: headache and weakness torment, the temperature rises, it is very chilly, cold sweat may periodically appear.

The onset of sepsis manifests itself as a general intoxication - the patient loses his appetite, his pressure decreases, chills appear, interruptions in the work of the heart and shortness of breath.

At the same time, chlamydia itself against the background of gonorrhea is often asymptomatic, and even if it manifests itself, it behaves much more modestly than the “neighbor”. Therefore, if a person has become infected with both gonococcus and chlamydia at the same time, then there is a high risk that doctors will suspect gonorrhea, and, based on the results of the tests, they will prescribe antibiotics only against gonococcus.

After treatment of gonorrhea, the symptoms of chlamydia will be mild, and a person may mistake them for "echoes" of gonorrhea. In such a situation, it is very easy to leave the symptoms of chlamydia without proper attention. As a result, the patient may lose time and later face a number of complications, up to infertility.

Chlamydia is often asymptomatic in gonorrhea.

What analyzes are needed?

If gonorrhea is suspected, it is extremely important to conduct tests for chlamydia. The best diagnostic method in this case will be the same PCR - it will help identify the causative agents of both infections.

Treatment of gonorrhea and chlamydia

Will it be possible to get by with one antibiotic for this couple? Unfortunately no. The thing is that these bacteria are very different in their structure: they have different weak points - therefore, drugs with a different mechanism of action are needed.

To cure gonorrhea, you need:

Take one of the following tablets as a single oral dose:

Cefixime (400 mg),

Ciprofloxacin (500 mg),

Ofloxacin (400 mg);

or a single intramuscular injection of Spectinomycin (2.0 g).

To cure chlamydia, you need (on the same day):

take Azithromycin (1.0 g) orally once;
or start a course of doxycycline (100 mg 2 times a day for 7 days).

The cost of two-component treatment is 300-1500 rubles.

Chlamydia and trichomoniasis

Among women Trichomonas live mainly on the external genitalia and in the vagina, causing inflammation. From there Trichomonas can penetrate the cervix and cause endocervicitis. Then the woman will be disturbed by pain in the lower abdomen and bleeding outside of menstruation. Further spread of Trichomonas to the uterus and its appendages threatens with infertility.

In men Trichomonas most often colonize the urethra and prostate gland, causing urethritis and prostatitis. But sometimes they do not cause obvious inflammation. These diseases lead to problems with urination, impaired potency and infertility.

But how does the pair "trichomoniasis - chlamydia" behave?

Trichomonas vaginalis

Manifestations of chlamydia on the background of trichomoniasis

In the "single version" trichomoniasis manifests itself:

yellow-green frothy discharge mixed with pus from the genital tract;
itching in the perineum;
discomfort during urination;
pain during sex;
redness and a characteristic "strawberry" appearance of the mucous membranes (due to petechial hemorrhages).

Against this background, the symptoms of chlamydia may go unnoticed.

Trichomonas is extremely harmful to the body, especially in the variant of mixed infection:

it releases a substance with which it loosens the tissues of the urinary tract and penetrates deep into, and also helps other microbes, including chlamydia, to penetrate there;

it is able to evade the protective forces of local immunity;

Trichomonas can let in various microorganisms (gonococci, chlamydia, ureaplasmas, mycoplasmas, etc.). At the same time, Trichomonas protects them from immunity and from antibiotics. Such "friendly relations" between microbes can make treatment ineffective and lead to the re-exacerbation of additional infections, in particular - chlamydia.

What tests will be needed?

How to identify chlamydia, we have already described above. To detect Trichomonas, several methods are used, the most accurate of which are: microscopy (examination of a smear from the genital tract under a microscope) - an accurate, fast method, but depending on the skill of a laboratory assistant, and PCR - an automated, but more expensive method.

To identify Trichomonas, a cultural method is also used - sowing biological material on a nutrient medium. This is a reliable method, but it takes a long time (about a week).

Treatment of trichomoniasis

With a mixed infection (trichomoniasis plus chlamydia), they act in two ways:

or carry out simultaneous treatment of both diseases;
or first - trichomoniasis, and then - chlamydia.

For treatment it is enough:

take one of the antiprotozoal drugs in tablets once orally:

Metronidazole (2.0 g),

Ornidazole (1.5 g),

and one of the antibiotics for treating chlamydia (see above or in the article "Treatment of chlamydia").

Such treatment will cost 200-1500 rubles.

The peculiarity of all the described infections is that it is impossible to accurately determine the pathogens based only on the symptoms, because the manifestations of the listed diseases are very similar to each other. Therefore, having suspected one sexual infection, it is better to be checked for all the others.

Tests for mixed infections are very different from each other and depend on the pathogens that are considered the cause of the disease.

The PCR method is the basis for the diagnosis of mixed sexual infection, including chlamydia. However, in some cases, sowing (bacteriological examination) is necessary. It will allow you to establish how vulnerable the detected microbes are to different antibiotics.

Both analyzes are quite expensive: PCR - about 350-400 rubles (for each pathogen), and culture of mucus from the genital tract with the determination of sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs - from 1000 to 2500 rubles.

When the entire composition of the bouquet is known, it is necessary to undergo complex treatment with a dermatovenereologist. You can not engage in self-diagnosis and self-treatment! All drugs have contraindications, while comparing the information from the instructions and correctly applying it to a specific person is not easy, this requires professional medical training.

Some mixed infections can be treated with a single drug, but most combinations will require a combination of several antibiotics. For example, in the treatment of mixed infections, including trichomoniasis, drugs are added to destroy the simplest microorganisms (antiprotozoal).

Many tests and medicines for these diseases cannot be called cheap. But it is important to understand that it is much cheaper to cure a venereal mix infection in time than to treat complications of a neglected disease later.

Also remember that after a course of medication, it is imperative to repeat the tests - this is the only way to make sure that the treatment has fully helped.

Diagnosis of chlamydia, mycoplasmosis and ureaplasmosis

Chlamydia, mycoplasmosis and ureaplasmosis are pathologies of the genitourinary system that have different pathogens, but similar clinical symptoms. In men, the presence of these infections can be manifested by signs of urethritis, and in women - vulvitis and paraurethritis. In the absence of competent treatment, inflammation becomes chronic and reminds of itself with periodic exacerbations.

The inflammatory process can gradually involve the internal genital organs, which often causes infertility. And also the consequence of infections can be pyelonephritis and mycoplasmal cystitis. Mycoplasma damage to the joints, internal organs and skin is not excluded. In order not to miss the manifestations of such unpleasant diseases, one should dwell on each of them in detail.

Chlamydia and its first signs in men

The causative agents of this disease are chlamydia. The lesion occurs in the rectum and urethra, in some cases the mucous membrane of the eye is affected. Bacteria enter the body through sexual contact. The first manifestations of chlamydia, as a rule, make themselves felt 2 weeks after infection.

The most prominent sign of chlamydia is a clear, watery discharge from the urethra. When urinating, men feel pain, itching, the outer edge of the urinary organ turns red.

After a certain period of time, the representatives of the stronger sex may notice the extinction of the manifestations of chlamydia, namely:

reduction or disappearance of itching or cramps;
discharge decreases or occurs only in the morning.

However, this does not mean at all that the body has coped with the disease, just chlamydia has passed into the chronic stage. In any case, it is necessary to seek medical help, otherwise the infection will spread to the urinary organs, and this will already lead to more serious health problems and longer treatment.

Many men have a lesion of the prostate gland, which causes discomfort in the groin, intestines and lower back. Such pains have a pulling or aching character. Another negative consequence of chlamydia can be inflammation of the epididymis, which is characterized by its increase, swelling of the scrotum, tension and redness of the skin. It is better not to start this disease, since failures in the formation of spermatozoa, if left untreated, often lead to infertility.

Another severe consequence of chlamydia is Reiter's Syndrome, which affects the eyes, joints and legs. The disease appears as:

translucent and mucous secretions from the penis;
drawing in the intestines and perineum;
painful urination.

Chlamydia and its symptoms in women

Very often, the course of chlamydia in women does not show any symptoms, only 35% report its manifestations. The latent course of the infection is dangerous both for the fair sex itself and for her partner, since the risk of infection increases significantly. It is important to know that in the case of a simultaneous pregnancy with chlamydia, there is a potential risk for the child.

Chlamydia has an incubation period of two weeks to 1 month. The first symptoms after sexual infection appear within 14 days after intercourse. When chlamydia enters the female body, they go through several stages:

penetration of chlamydia directly on the mucous membrane;
active reproduction inside cells, which leads to the death of the latter;
damage to the mucous membrane of an infected organ.

Chlamydia can cause many disorders in the female body:

After infection, most often the symptoms appear in the form of chlamydia colpitis. Women feel pain in the lower abdomen, burning and itching, mucopurulent discharge appears, urination disorders and body temperature rises.
If the infection is in the body for a long time, the cervix is \u200b\u200baffected, which leads to cervicitis. If there is no treatment, then the epithelium of the cervix begins to exfoliate and erosion occurs against this background.
When the infection rises through the genital tract, against the background of stress, a reduced immune system and other no more pleasant conditions, a woman develops inflammation of the genital organs: endometritis, salpingitis or salpingo-oophoritis.

Therefore, the signs of chlamydia in women are:

body temperature, most often subfebrile;
pain in the lower abdomen;
frequent and painful urination, accompanied by pain and burning;
mucopurulent discharge that has a yellow or white tint, as well as an unpleasant odor;
burning sensation on the mucous membrane of the genital organs;
erosion of the cervix, which is also often a sign of chlamydia.

Treatment of chlamydia in men and women

To cure chlamydia for modern medicine is not difficult, the disease is eliminated on average from 14 to 20 days. It is important to know that the treatment of chlamydia and the intake of alcoholic beverages in this case are incompatible.

The treatment is based on antibiotics, as well as antifungal agents, vitamins and local preparations (ointments, creams, suppositories). Medical treatment is supplemented with physiotherapy: exposure to ultrasound and electrophoresis.

Since chlamydia are intracellular organisms, antibiotics should also be those that are able to penetrate into pathological cells, for example, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin, Spiramycin and others.

Of the antifungal drugs, fluconazole or ketoconazole is most often prescribed.

Mycoplasmosis and ureaplasmosis

Mycoplasmosis and ureaplasmosis have the same symptoms. A thorough medical diagnosis is required to establish an accurate diagnosis. Most of the diseases are transmitted sexually.

The causative agents of these two diseases are small microorganisms from the mycoplasma family, which do not have a cell membrane and DNA. Many mycoplasmas do not pose any danger to the human body, that is, they are not pathogenic.

Ureaplasmas are considered a special genus of mycoplasmas, which are capable of triggering an inflammatory process in the genitourinary system, called ureaplasmosis. But their presence in the body does not at all indicate the development of pathology. As a rule, the disease occurs when other pathological microorganisms join them:

gardnerella;
herpes virus;
trichomonas;
gonococci and others.

But also the cause of infection can be dysbacteriosis.

Detection of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas in the vagina is rarely associated with infertility and miscarriage. Moreover, they can be found in more than 30% of the fair sex. Many scientists believe that the presence of these bacteria in the vagina does not indicate pathology at all and is the norm.

Such organisms are called commensals or saprophytes. They do not bring any benefit to the body, however, and harm too. Mycoplasmosis, chlamydia and ureaplasmosis can be treated with the same antibiotics, however, ureaplasmas are sensitive to some of their species, and mycoplasmas to others.

If there are signs of inflammation in the body and at the same time ureaplasmas are found, you should not immediately resort to antibiotic treatment, it is first necessary to figure out whether they are really the culprits of inflammation.

When should you sound the alarm?

One of the options when it is necessary to treat ureaplasmosis is to identify it together with chlamydia, if there are symptoms of an inflammatory process. Symptoms are usually similar and the type of pathogen does not matter. It happens that when treating chlamydia, mycoplasmosis or ureaplasmosis also recede.

However, most often, mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas are identified as independent culprits of the inflammatory process. The diagnosis of ureaplasmosis or mycoplasmosis in this case is quite reasonable. Treatment is carried out with:

existing risk during pregnancy;
inability to get pregnant and in the absence of other reasons for this;
planned surgical intervention on the genitals;
signs of inflammation that are confirmed.

Treatment

Treatment of ureaplasmosis is based on restoring the normal state of the microflora of the organs of the genitourinary system. Ureaplasmas do not have sensitivity to some antibiotics, such as Cephalosporins or Penicillins.

Most of them are sensitive to such drugs:

Comprehensive treatment of ureaplasmosis also includes antifungal and antiprotozoal agents. To restore the normal state of the microflora, preparations with bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are prescribed.

What is the difference between mycoplasma, ureaplasma, chlamydia and trichomoniasis?

Ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, chlamydia, trichomoniasis are sexually transmitted diseases, the prevalence of which is so widespread among the world's population that some doctors equate it to an influenza epidemic. Why is this happening and how can it be prevented? - questions that are increasingly heard at health symposiums and forums.

One of the reasons for the global prevalence of chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma is its latent asymptomatic course. Quite often, a person simply does not suspect that he is a carrier of an infection, infecting his sexual partners and spreading ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, chlamydia and trichomoniasis into society.

Doctors call the second weighty reason the lack of elementary knowledge of many people about infections such as chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, trichomonas, sexually transmitted diseases and can cause serious diseases leading to severe complications.

As modern medical practice shows, when examining patients for carrying infections, a single type of parasite is rarely detected. Most often, there are several infections detected. For example, often detecting chlamydia, ureaplasma, mycoplasma - is also detected.

Chlamydia. Symptoms and treatment of chlamydia

Clinical picture

Chlamydia is diagnosed in several ways. But PCR is recognized as the most reliable method. Treatment of chlamydia must be started immediately after the infection is detected, otherwise it is fraught with severe complications.

For the treatment of chlamydia, a complex of drugs is used, which the doctor selects and prescribes. The healing process takes a long time, because the chlamydia living inside the cells of the host are reliably protected from the chemical attack of antibiotics. Both sexual partners are treated. Re-infection is not excluded, since the body does not develop stable immunity to infection.

If chlamydia is not treated or done on its own (which rarely leads to a positive result), then serious complications are possible over time:

Epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis in men);
Inflammation of the appendages and uterus - in women;
Reiter's syndrome (inflammation of the cervical canal, urethra, joints and eyes) and many others;

Mycoplasma and ureaplasma. How are mycoplasmosis and ureaplasmosis treated?

Despite the diversity of mycoplasma species, only a few of them pose a danger to human health. Possessing a conditionally pathogenic flora of mycoplasma M. pneumonia, M. hominis, M. genitalium, with a decrease in immunity, they can cause urogenital or pulmonary mycoplasmosis. The infection is transmitted by sexual, airborne and vertical routes.

If an infected patient does not have an inflammatory process, then the treatment of an opportunistic infection is most often not prescribed. This feature of ureaplasmosis and mycoplasmosis distinguishes them from diseases such as chlamydia and trichomoniasis, which require urgent treatment.

If painful symptoms appear in the form of scanty discharge from the vagina or urethra, burning during urination, itching, you should consult a doctor for examination and treatment. Therapy of mycoplasmosis and ureplasmosis is carried out with antibiotics. Complications of these diseases can be infertility, kidney stones and many other infectious and inflammatory processes.

Chlamydia. Symptoms and treatment of chlamydia

Clinical picture

If chlamydia is not treated or done on its own (which rarely leads to a positive result), then serious complications are possible over time:

Epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis in men);
Inflammation of the appendages and uterus - in women;
Reiter's syndrome (inflammation of the cervical canal, urethra, joints and eyes) and many others;

Mycoplasma and ureaplasma. How are mycoplasmosis and ureaplasmosis treated?

Chlamydia, ureaplasma and mycoplasma are infections that are sexually transmitted. In the body of each person, such microorganisms are in a latent state and do not cause any pronounced symptoms.

It is for this reason that often women and men learn about such pathologies quite by accident after a thorough examination. The simultaneous presence in the human body of several diseases at once has received the name of mixed infection in medicine. This combination is considered quite complex, and treatment is carried out using effective potent medicines.

Another common complication after chlamydia is reactive arthritis, that is, inflammatory suppuration of the joints. This disease is characterized by the appearance of symptoms:

arthritis
conjunctivitis

In addition, psoriasis-like rashes on the skin, keratosis and erosive formations on the oral mucosa can become complications of chlamydia. Such a pathology is considered quite dangerous and requires mandatory treatment, which must be started immediately after diagnosis.

What is ureaplasma?

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