Photo of the fetus, photo of the abdomen, ultrasound and video about the development of the child. Photo of the fetus, photo of the abdomen, ultrasound and video about the development of the child 28 weeks sk by months

28th week of pregnancy - the middle of the seventh month and the third trimester. There is not much time left before the birth, however, one should still thoroughly prepare for this event physically and mentally. Most expectant mothers continue to work actively, but are already thinking about a well-deserved rest - a decree.

On time - 28 weeks baby photo attention
how much change
in clinic phase

By week 28, the baby's height is 33-34 cm, weight - about 1-1.3 kg. What happens to the baby at this stage of pregnancy.

1. The baby already uses the senses, feels the taste and smell of the products that enter the mother's body, gets used to them. The taste preferences of a woman become the main ones in shaping the tastes of a child. So, if the mother prefers spicy dishes, the child also gets used to them.
2. The eyes open, the baby begins to blink.
3. The brain is actively developing, improving, its mass increases. Convolutions appear in the cortex.
4. The heart rate is 140-150 beats per minute. There are changes in heart rate. For example, a baby's heart starts beating faster when he hears his mother's voice.
5. The cartilages of the ears and nose are still soft, the nails continue to grow, however, they do not yet protrude beyond the edges.
6. At week 28, the fetus takes a certain position in the uterus. The correct position of the baby is head down, but he can also rest his legs against the mother's pelvic area. Do not worry about this, it is possible that before the birth he will change his position.
7. The vellus hair that covers the baby's body begins to fall off gradually this week. It remains a little on the lower back, back and shoulders.
8. The endocrine system of the child begins to work independently, freeing the mother's pancreas, thyroid glands from double work.
9. At the 28th week of pregnancy, the development of the bronchi occurs. The adrenal glands synthesize hormones responsible for the intensive formation of surfactant in the alveoli. The alveoli themselves (vesicles located at the ends of the bronchi) begin to come into contact with the blood vessels. This is preparation for the independent breathing of the child after birth.

Already in the third trimester

If premature birth occurs at week 28, the baby is not yet able to survive on its own, since its lungs are not fully developed. However, with the help of qualified neonatologists, special equipment, it can be removed. Therefore, childbirth at this time mainly ends positively, it’s just that later the baby stays in the incubator for some time, where it continues its development.

Starting from the 28th week, even with a fatal birth, a newborn baby is considered a full-fledged person, he is issued an identity document. Premature birth before 28 weeks, which led to the death of the fetus, is officially considered a miscarriage.

The 28th week of pregnancy with twins proceeds according to a similar scenario, but still has its own differences. Since there are two babies in the uterus, their weight may be less than 1 kg. However, from next week, the twins will certainly gain weight and begin active preparation for the birth. If twins develop in the womb of a woman, week 28 is the term for maternity leave. With triplets, rest is due from the 26th week of pregnancy.

At a period of 28 weeks of pregnancy, an ultrasound is usually not done, since the second planned study has already passed, and the third will come at 32 weeks. The exceptions are vital indications and the need to establish some kind of diagnosis so as not to miss the presence of pathology in the mother or child.

If you look at the ultrasound photo at week 28, you can see a fully formed little man who is already not much different from a normal newborn. The video clearly shows his movements, changes in facial expressions. The baby can smile or frown, clap his eyes, suck his thumb, squeeze and unclench his hands.

Changes in the mother's body and her sensations

Week 28 is a pretty solid period when a woman is already used to her position. What changes are happening to her by this time.

1. By the end of week 28, the total weight gain is approximately 9 kg. With twins or triplets, the increase can be 15 kg.
2. Expectant mothers notice that urination becomes more frequent than in previous weeks of pregnancy. This is due to the enlarged uterus, which increases the pressure on the bladder.
3. The uterus has risen above the pubic joint by 28 cm, the weight of the placenta is about 0.4 kg.
4. There may be severe itching on the skin of the abdomen, as every day it is more and more stretched. With insufficient elasticity of the skin or lack of prevention, purple stripes appear - stretch marks.
   5. Heartburn continues to torment, to which back and lower back pains are added, caused by an increase in the load on the spine.

If you look at the photo of the mother’s belly at the 28th week of pregnancy, you can already see a rather large and heavy belly, because the weight and size of the baby are quite large.

Treat yourself with great attention, because now there are two of you

The feelings of a woman are quite diverse. On the one hand, the exciting period when she anxiously waited for a miscarriage or complications was left behind. Calmness comes from the realization that in an unforeseen situation the baby can be saved. On the other hand, there are new experiences about the upcoming birth.

1. The woman feels the active movements of the baby. He can quite sensitively kick under the ribs or in the bladder area. Moreover, the baby shows the greatest activity at night, preventing the mother from sleeping fully. This is due to the fact that during the day the movements of the mother have a calming effect on the child, so he prefers to sleep during the day.
2. The expectant mother constantly listens to the movements of the child, showing concern about the lack of movement, or, conversely, the excessive activity of the baby. From this period, it is already necessary to count the movements of the fetus. Normally, there should be about ten of them per hour.
3. On the eve of the 29th week of pregnancy, a woman may feel moderate cramps in the abdomen - the so-called false contractions. This is considered the norm and is a signal that it is time for the expectant mother to go on a well-deserved rest. However, if you experience severe cramping pain, you should immediately call your doctor.

The main task of a woman is to listen to her condition, to maintain a good psycho-emotional background. The following recommendations should be followed.

Recommendation	What to do?
Have a good rest	It has been proven that pregnancy requires healthy sleep and good rest. If you continue to work at week 28, take several breaks during the working day, put your feet on a horizontal surface more often.
Eat right	The diet now plays a particularly important role, as the expectant mother helps the child to fully develop, instills in him eating habits. It is optimal to consume about 3100 kcal per day, and it is advisable to adhere to fractional nutrition (5-6 meals per day). Food should not only be tasty for mother and child, but bring undoubted benefits to both. Pay special attention to foods high in iron: honey, dried apricots, nuts, cranberries, etc.
Limit liquid volume	Since edema is characteristic of pregnant women, it is recommended to consume no more than 1.5 liters of fluid per day.
More walking	Leisurely walks in the fresh air perform several functions at once: provide the expectant mother with oxygen; provide the necessary physical activity; bring positivity and peace.
Follow the psycho-emotional background	The baby is already sensitive to the mood and excitement of the mother. If you feel like you can't control your emotions on your own, start seeing a therapist.
Start preparing for childbirth	It's time to start actively preparing for a responsible event - childbirth. Start attending preparatory courses, perform special breathing exercises, as well as gymnastics to strengthen the pelvic muscles.

Possible risks

Starting from the 28th week, expectant mothers should visit an obstetrician-gynecologist at least 2 times a month, regularly take a urine test. This will help control the condition of the pregnant woman and prevent such undesirable complications as edema, preeclampsia, diabetes in pregnant women.

Baby photo after ultrasound

Many women are concerned about discharge at the 28th week of pregnancy. In general, they do not change their character and remain the same as in previous periods: light, uniform consistency.

If the mother noticed any suspicious changes: the appearance of mucus or pus, yellowish, grayish, greenish color, itching in the perineum, you must go to the hospital and get tested, as this is the result of an infection and needs treatment.

The following symptoms may indicate premature birth:

• spotting from the vagina, signaling placenta previa or abruption;
• pulling or sharp pains in the lower abdomen;
• profuse watery discharge, indicating the discharge of amniotic fluid.

If these warning signs are present, you need to act immediately, take a horizontal position and call an ambulance. Preterm labor often proceeds rapidly, so you should not try to get to the doctor on your own. Remember: the chances of the baby to survive are great, but only if you immediately seek help.

Many parents during pregnancy are afraid of intimacy because of fear of harming the baby. Doctors reassure: sex at the 28th week of pregnancy is not prohibited, and is even useful as a source of positive emotions. However, you should have sex carefully, choose such positions to avoid pressure on mommy's stomach.

: Borovikova Olga

gynecologist, ultrasound doctor, geneticist

28 obstetric week is the 26th week from conception - the embryonic gestational age, as well as the 28th week from the start of the last menstruation.
You don't have to wait long for the birth of your long-awaited baby. The last trimester starts this week and ends with the last day of your pregnancy, which is usually around 40 weeks or so. You dream of a child and your child dreams of you!

Baby size at 28 weeks pregnant

What happens to the fetus at 28 weeks

As the baby grows, there is less room for movement in the uterus. It fills all free space. Although the baby still remains active, he develops his own regime, thanks to which he is awake at one time and sleeps at another. All mothers feel such wakefulness of babies in the womb. The fetus actively continues to develop tactile skills. This is manifested in palpation of the reach zone and holding the umbilical cord with the handles. The baby recognizes the voice of the mother, this will allow him to calm down after the birth.

The processes of maturation in the lungs continue. At the 28th week of pregnancy, the adrenal glands of the fetus produce hormones that stimulate more intense formation of surfactant in the alveoli than before (it covers them like a film from the inside). The alveoli themselves (small vesicles at the ends of the bronchi) begin to contact the blood vessels. This is preparation for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood, which will be necessary for the fetus after birth, when it begins to breathe on its own.

The lungs of a child at 28 weeks in case of urgent need (in case of premature birth) can inhale oxygen with hardware support. Surfactant (a substance that prevents the alveoli in the lungs from sticking together) is still quite small.

The structures of the central nervous system are maturing - there are more cells in the cerebral cortex, convolutions and furrows are formed. The centers responsible for taste and sound perception are activated. There is a formation of sucking and grasping reflexes (the baby is already sucking his finger and pulling the umbilical cord with his hands).

The next few weeks of gestation will be largely devoted to the development and improvement of the brain.

What does a baby look like at 28 weeks pregnant?

The child recovers sharply and his weight reaches 1-1.3 kg. The skin becomes smoother and more tender. Eyelashes lengthen, become more fluffy. The hair on the head becomes longer and thicker, in addition, a pigment begins to be synthesized that colors them. The baby loses its transparency and colorlessness. Fingernails and toenails continue to grow and approach the edge of the fingers.

The formation of muscles is being completed, muscle strength is increasing, which the mother cannot but notice from the intensive movements of the child. The formation of the skeletal system also ends. Further, the bones will accumulate calcium and harden.

The formation of brown fat, which is necessary for heat exchange processes, continues. If a premature birth occurs, this fat will prevent the baby from getting cold.

Your baby is the size of a big eggplant! Weight approximately 1200–1300 grams, height 370–380 mm, heart rate 120–160 bpm.

Fetal development at 28 weeks gestation

With the onset of the 28th week of pregnancy, a full-fledged little man is already in the uterus of the expectant mother.

• The alveoli in the lungs continue to develop.


• The mass of the brain increases.


• Typical convolutions and furrows appear on the surface of the cerebral cortex.


• The ability to distinguish subtle varieties of taste appears.


• The ability to respond to sounds is developed (the baby can respond to the voice of the mother and father with slight movements).


• Such reflexes are formed as sucking (the baby sucks his thumb in the mother's tummy) and grasping.


• Muscles are being formed.


• The child's movements become more active.


• Certain biological clocks are set (period of activity and period of sleep).


• The bones of the baby are completing their formation (however, they are still flexible and will harden until the first weeks after birth).


• The kid has already learned to open and close his eyes, as well as blink (the reason is the disappearance of the pupillary membrane).

What happens in a woman's body at 28 weeks pregnant

The belly is already so rounded that you can only wear special clothes for pregnant women. The child grows and the uterus increases in size, now it is located at a distance of 28 cm from the pubic joint. The bottom of the uterus has risen to the middle of the distance between the navel and the xiphoid process of the sternum.

By the end of week 28, a woman gains 7-9 kg relative to her pre-pregnancy weight.

Expectant mothers note that urination has become more frequent than in previous weeks. The reason for this is the growing uterus, which puts more pressure on the bladder.

Heartburn can occur due to the release of certain hormones that relax the muscles of the digestive system. Also, many hormones affect stomach acidity, which can cause discomfort. To get rid of this unpleasant sensation, exclude smoked meats, salty and sour-milk products from the diet, take antacids that are allowed during pregnancy.

Already from the 28th week or from the seventh month, a pregnant woman should gain no more than 50 g per day, and no more than 500 g per week, or, best of all, 300 g. The most normal weight gain for a pregnant woman is 8–10.5 kg for the entire period . The weight of a pregnant woman should be monitored very carefully, constantly weighed and adhere to the correct diet, which is necessary for both mother and baby.

Discharge from the genital tract of a light milky color, a homogeneous consistency and a slight smell of kefir are considered normal.

Hormones do not always have a positive effect on the skin, it becomes dry, which further contributes to the appearance of stretch marks on the hips, chest and abdomen. In addition to the aesthetic problem, stretch marks also cause a feeling of constant itching. Avoid scratching and infection.

If cramps occur, it is recommended to rest, massage and lead a proper lifestyle. Very often, calf cramps are manifested due to a lack of nutrients in the body that are spent on the development of the baby. You can read more about the prevention of calf muscle cramps during pregnancy at.

Feelings of pain in the back and abdomen are caused by the growing uterus, it displaces nearby internal organs and presses on the sciatic nerve. When exposed to the sciatic nerve, the sensation of pain occurs in the legs and lower back. You can alleviate this condition by lying on your side, this way you reduce the load on the spine, sciatic nerve and internal organs.

Belly at 28 weeks pregnant

The stomach is getting bigger and bigger, it may be a little more difficult for you to move around, to do your usual work. Do not be zealous, ask loved ones for help.

Videoblog - 28 weeks pregnant

A pregnant woman does not yet experience severe heaviness at this time, but heaviness in the legs is already beginning to appear, spider veins may appear on the hips and legs. The fact is that the 28th week of pregnancy is the beginning of the rapid growth of the uterus, which now compresses the blood vessels, causing venous congestion in the lower half of the body. If you had varicose veins before pregnancy or your immediate family suffers from this disease, take care of your legs now. In orthopedic stores, you can find special tights or stockings that will moderately compress the shins, supporting the walls of blood vessels. If you experience cramps or pain during urination, visit a doctor. These symptoms may indicate cystitis.

If the weight gain was more than 9 kg, you need to contact an obstetrician-gynecologist. The most common cause of excess weight gain is preeclampsia. The sooner treatment is started, the less likely it is that pregnancy complications will occur.

If we take into account the fact that weight gain accelerates at the 28th week of pregnancy, then you should carefully monitor the regimen. It is best to eat small portions and often - somewhere around 5-6 times a day. Also choose healthy, wholesome food that will fill the body with various useful microelements. If we take into account the calorie content of food, then for a pregnant woman in the seventh month, the total number of calories received per day should not exceed 3000 units. The bulk of these calories should be in the first half of the day. And after 19 hours it is best not to eat at all, well, except perhaps kefir or milk, apples and vegetable light salads are also allowed.

Put energy into your diet! For a change, try the following nutritious and energy-rich snacks:

• fresh vegetables,


• puree with fresh vegetables,


• fat-free cheese and fruit,


• fat-free cottage cheese and fruits,


• low fat yogurt and fruit


• nuts,


• nut butter and apples,


• nut butter and celery with grapes,


• nut butter on whole grain crackers or bread.

Good to know

Eat not for two, but for two. The contents of your plates should be healthy and balanced. Be sure to include fresh and thermally processed vegetables and fruits in the diet - they will help normalize bowel function. It is best to drink clean non-carbonated water, compotes, fruit drinks, green tea. Save coffee and sodas until you stop breastfeeding.

A pregnant woman should be very careful - softening of the ligaments and joints contributes to the fact that her gait becomes "duck". She can easily slip, fall, fail to hold a kettle of boiling water and drop it. The 28th week of pregnancy is a very “traumatic” period for a woman, and therefore she must abandon unstable shoes with heels in favor of shoes with a closed back and a low flat sole.

In this period of pregnancy, a woman should not be on her feet for a long time - as well as sit in one position all day. As often as possible, she needs to change the position of the body, warm up, walk. The movements of the expectant mother help to deliver more nutrients and oxygen to the baby. The activity of a woman within reasonable limits, changes in body position in space contribute to the elimination of pain in the back and legs, edema, and serve as a prevention of hemorrhoids and varicose veins.

In late pregnancy, many women prefer to sleep on their side, putting a pillow under their stomach - this way they wake up less at night.

Fetal movements. Pearson test

Experts recommend counting fetal movements, starting precisely from the 28th week of pregnancy.

Obstetricians recommend using D. Pearson's "Count to ten" fetal movement test. On a special map, the number of fetal movements is noted daily from 28 weeks of pregnancy. The count of movements starts at 9:00 and ends at 21:00. Start counting the fetal movements at exactly 9 am, write down the time of the 10th movement in the table or on the graph. A small number of movements (less than 10 per day) may indicate fetal oxygen deficiency and is a reason to see a doctor.

You are tormented by conflicting feelings: on the one hand, it seems to you that you have been pregnant for a hundred years, on the other, you are worried about childbirth and the birth of a baby. The list of things that need to be done before the birth will distract you. Start by choosing a name and think about how your life will be after childbirth.

Think about the upcoming birth. How do you want them to run? Whether your meeting with the child will take place at home or in the maternity hospital, whether you need a pool or a bath, what is your attitude to pain relief during childbirth - it is better to think all this over in advance. Make a birth plan. The better you imagine what you want, the more likely it is that everything will go the way you want. But remember, it's always worth thinking about fallback options, because your baby's plans may not exactly match yours.

As a rule, by week 28, the fetus is located in the uterus as it plans to be born. Most often, head down. If a transverse, oblique or pelvic presentation is detected, a woman may be prescribed exercises that will help the baby roll over. If it doesn’t work to “persuade” him, then he will most likely have to be born by caesarean section. But do not panic in advance - the baby still has enough time to roll over, the tactics of childbirth in any case will be determined by your doctor in a conversation with you, you have time to make your doctor's decision, convince him or wait for a miracle from your baby.

Do not forget to wear a bandage - it will help avoid pressure on the baby's head on the neck and prevent it from opening early. The bandage will also unload the back, reduce discomfort. It is not recommended to wear a bandage only for women whose baby has not taken the correct (head) presentation.

If you work, it's time to think about whether you are going to take maternity leave on time.

If you have a multiple pregnancy, take a sick leave from your obstetrician-gynecologist. Your maternity leave starts at 28 weeks.

Dangers at 28 weeks pregnant

The risk of preterm labor is also present this week - a rapidly growing baby puts pressure on the cervix and can contribute to its early opening. When lifting weights, sudden movements or for no apparent reason, rupture of the membranes may occur with the outflow of amniotic fluid and the onset of labor. The same reasons can cause premature placental abruption - this is the most dangerous condition - the oxygen supply to the baby is disrupted and he may die.

Acute, severe pain in the lower abdomen at 28 weeks of gestation may indicate premature placental abruption. With placental abruption, the separation of blood from the genital tract is also usually observed. However, internal bleeding can also occur: then the blood does not come out, and the expectant mother feels severe sharp pains in the abdomen, often they are so strong that it is almost impossible to touch the stomach.

Good to know

In any case, bloody discharge from the genital tract, recurring regular cramping abdominal pain, or sudden acute pain in the abdomen are the reason for the immediate call of the ambulance team and hospitalization.

There is also a significant risk of infection of the fetus, which is associated with a decrease in immunity during pregnancy, and colpitis constantly recurring against this background.

Note! Aching pain in the lower abdomen may be associated with disruption of the digestive system. Flatulence, constipation, colitis, dysbacteriosis, and even too heavy dinner - any or the above factors can provoke the occurrence of pain in the abdomen.

Tests at 28 weeks pregnant

If you are scheduled to appear at the antenatal clinic at this time, then most likely the doctor will recommend taking control tests such as a general urinalysis, a general blood test, an antibody titer with a negative Rh factor. In addition, according to indications, swabs for flora will be taken, and sowing will be performed.

It is obligatory to measure the circumference of the abdomen and the height of the uterine fundus, blood pressure on both arms and the weight of the pregnant woman with an assessment of the gain for the entire pregnancy and since the last weighing.

With normal gestation, the ultrasound procedure is performed only three times during the entire period of pregnancy.

For an ultrasound examination at week 28, a woman is sent only according to indications, or, if for some reason, she did not have time to do it earlier. In this case, all measurements included in the study protocol are performed.

Fetal ultrasound at 28 weeks of gestation measures the main parameters that are important for assessing the normal rate of fetal development. Also this week of pregnancy, an ultrasound examination will correctly determine the volume of amniotic fluid, the state of the placenta and blood circulation.

With ultrasound of the fetus at 28 weeks of gestation, the position of the fetus is determined: head, transverse or pelvic. Most often, children are already in the head position. If you were told that the child is still sitting on the priest or lying across - do not be discouraged! He still has a lot of chances to roll over into the correct head presentation for childbirth. With the pelvic and transverse position of the fetus, the likelihood that you will need a caesarean section is much higher.

Fetometry (fetal size) with ultrasound of the fetus at 28 weeks of pregnancy is normal

• BDP (biparietal size) 6–79 mm.


• LZ (frontal-occipital size) 83–99 mm.


• OG (fetal head circumference) 245–285 mm.


• Coolant (abdominal circumference of the fetus) 21–285 mm.

Normal sizes of long bones on fetal ultrasound at 28 weeks of gestation

• Femur 49–57 mm.


• Humerus 45–53 mm.


• Forearm bones 39–47 mm.


• Lower leg bones 45–53 mm.

You can often hear such a question: “28 weeks of pregnancy - how many months have passed?” And it is not surprising that it occurs in expectant mothers - you can get confused in the calculations, since the obstetric terms differ from the embryonic ones. Each obstetric month of pregnancy contains 4 weeks. Thus, the 28th week is the last week of the 7th month of pregnancy. And at the same time, it is the beginning of the third trimester.

What happens at 28 weeks pregnant

The beginning of the third trimester suggests that two-thirds of the way has already been completed, and this is a long time for the pregnant woman and her baby, because in 28 weeks there have been a lot of changes with both.

Baby at 28 weeks pregnant

The fetus at 28 weeks of gestation is fully formed. Many organ systems are already performing their functions, some of them will be improved throughout the remaining period. The nervous system of the baby is actively developing. A child at 28 weeks of pregnancy is sensitive to everything that happens around him. This is due to the fact that all his receptors are developed and the brain perceives every signal from them. The baby feels the taste of amniotic fluid, hears the mother's voice and other sounds, notices a change in the brightness of the light, feels the temperature difference. He can respond to touch and to what makes him happy, frightened or uncomfortable.

A child at the 28th week of pregnancy is growing rapidly due to the fact that growth hormone, somatotropin, is actively synthesized in his body. At the same time, brown adipose tissue continues to develop, which can be seen in the appearance of the fetus. His skin brightens and smoothes, the folds characteristic of a newborn appear.

The respiratory, immune and skeletal systems continue to develop. The bones become stronger due to calcium, which the baby “takes” from the mother. In the organs of the immune system, cells develop that are responsible for the body's resistance to various infections. And in the alveoli, surfactant continues to be synthesized - a substance that prevents the lungs from collapsing due to the fact that it does not allow these bubbles at the ends of the bronchioles to stick together.

Fetal weight at 28 weeks gestation is about 1000 g, its height is 37-38 cm, and the heart rate is 120-160 beats per minute.

28 week

Your baby is the size of a head lettuce

Changes in the body of the expectant mother

The body of a woman is changing very dynamically, because the baby is also growing rapidly in her stomach. Due to the increasing size of the uterus, and also due to the fact that the woman’s body “works” now for two, many processes in it proceed in a very specific way, which can affect the woman’s well-being.

Belly at 28 weeks pregnant

The tummy is getting bigger every week. The expectant mother even enjoys it, feeling the attention of others. However, this pleasant feeling can be accompanied by worries about stretch marks. A sign that the skin on the abdomen is stretching is itching. In the event that the stomach grows faster, stretch marks may appear on the skin. It is better to try to prevent their occurrence than to look for ways to get rid of them later. By rubbing an anti-stretch mark cream into the skin of the abdomen, chest and hips, using oils, a woman significantly reduces the likelihood of such a defect.

We remind you: do not forget to capture your tummy at 28 weeks of pregnancy - the photo will be a great way to remember the wonderful period of pregnancy.

Movement at 28 weeks pregnant

The baby's muscle mass increases, so the woman fully feels his every movement. Sometimes the way he pushes even brings pain, especially when the baby “kicks” mom in the liver area. Despite this, future parents experience incredible joy from the opportunity to “talk” with the baby, touching the stomach in the place where his arm or leg rests.

Already at week 28, the gynecologist may recommend that a woman keep track of the number of movements of the child during the day. There should be about 10 of them. Of course, each baby is individual, and he may have his own sleep and wakefulness schedule. But if within 12 hours the mother does not feel his movements or notices that, on the contrary, they are too active, she should immediately consult a doctor.

Discharge at 28 weeks pregnant

At this time, the amount of discharge increases due to the formation of a mucous plug in the cervix. Pregnant women need to monitor the nature of their discharge, so that if they change, consult a doctor. Colorless (or whitish), homogeneous and odorless discharge is considered normal. Any change in consistency, color or smell should alert the woman, as this may be a sign of the appearance of any pathology.

Green or gray discharge with an unpleasant odor indicates the development of inflammation. Curdled white discharge is a sign of candidiasis. Abundant and watery discharge indicates leakage of amniotic fluid. But blood, especially if this phenomenon is accompanied by pain and cramping uterine contractions, is a sign of premature birth. No matter how the discharge changes, in any case, a gynecologist's consultation is needed, and in some cases a woman should not take risks, so you need to call an ambulance.

Delivery at 28 weeks pregnant

Unfortunately, pregnant women are not immune from the effects of environmental conditions on their bodies. Sometimes there are circumstances that provoke the onset of labor in a woman, especially if she had some features of the course of pregnancy. These circumstances include a sharp and excessive physical exertion, stress, falling.

However, it is worth saying that at the 28th week of pregnancy, the crumbs have every chance of surviving, since by this time its development has become more perfect. Of course, his respiratory system will not yet be able to carry out the respiratory function without medical assistance. But, being under the control of doctors who have special equipment, the necessary drugs and methods developed over the years for nursing premature babies, the baby will be able not only to survive, but also to grow up as a completely healthy person.

Ultrasound at 28 weeks pregnant

For the entire pregnancy, a woman undergoes three planned ultrasound examinations. The first two should have already been done, and the third ultrasound is due at 30-34 weeks. At the 28th week of pregnancy in the normal course of pregnancy there is no need for this study. However, there are situations when it is indispensable. It happens that a pregnant woman has complaints that may indicate some threats to the life of her baby or to her own. These include the appearance of discharge with blood, severe pain in the lower abdomen, the absence or increase in fetal activity. During an ultrasound, the doctor will assess the vital activity of the fetus, as well as determine its position and all the necessary dimensions. In addition, it is necessary to determine the amount of water, the degree of maturity of the placenta and its position, and in some cases, the presence or absence of signs of placental abruption (with the appearance of spotting). An important indicator will be the length of the cervix.

Necessary analyzes and studies

In the third trimester, the health of a pregnant woman must be monitored especially carefully, so now the gynecologist will prescribe her an appointment more often - every two weeks. Before visiting a doctor, a woman, as always, must pass a general urine test and a general blood test, if it was specially prescribed for her. Attention at such times is paid to the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, so that in case of its decrease, prescribe iron preparations to the woman. For the formation of a healthy nervous and circulatory systems of the fetus, as well as to prevent the development of anemia in him after birth, it is necessary that the amount of iron entering the body of the expectant mother is sufficient for both.

During the examination, the gynecologist measures the circumference of the abdomen and can determine the size of the pelvis. A fetal heartbeat is heard and a vaginal examination is performed to assess the condition of the cervix. The woman is also weighed and her blood pressure is measured. This is especially important at such times, since in the third trimester there is a high risk of developing preeclampsia - a condition similar to toxicosis, but manifested by more life-threatening symptoms for the mother and baby. The rise in blood pressure, swelling, convulsions, dizziness - all this can indicate the onset of preeclampsia. And if the doctor sees that a woman is gaining weight too quickly, she checks for edema, and also prescribes a blood sugar test to rule out the presence of gestational diabetes. But the appearance of protein in the urine speaks in favor of preeclampsia. And depending on the cause, treatment tactics will be chosen.

It is worth knowing that a disability certificate is issued at the 28th week of pregnancy for those women who have multiple pregnancies. In other words, from this week they go on maternity leave.

Possible problems

Pregnancy is not only accompanied by the joy of bearing a baby. Changes in the body of the future mother are associated with different sensations, which can be uncomfortable and even painful. Let's see what difficulties can be in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Breech presentation of the fetus at 28 weeks of gestation

Despite the fact that this doctor’s conclusion is very scary for expectant mothers, we will hasten to reassure you. At the 28th week of pregnancy, the fetus is not yet large enough to be unable to move in the uterus and roll over. Many babies roll over already closer to the middle of the third trimester. In addition, there are a variety of ways in which the doctor leading the pregnancy can carry out the coup of the crumbs in the last stages. The frequency of breech births has decreased markedly in recent years, so at this time you definitely do not need to worry.

Stony stomach at 28 weeks pregnant

This phenomenon can really scare a pregnant woman. What could be the reason for this "behavior" of the uterus? First you need to understand how long this state lasts. If this happens within a few seconds, and after that the uterus relaxes, then Braxton-Hicks training contractions may appear, with the help of which the uterus prepares for childbirth. If the stomach becomes stony, this condition lasts long enough and resembles contractions and pulling pains appear, this may indicate the onset of labor. In this case, you need to hurry to call an ambulance.

Sometimes a woman may experience increased tone due to insufficient production of progesterone, a hormone that plays an important role during pregnancy. And sometimes - due to lack of magnesium. In any case, this condition should not be hidden from the gynecologist, who can select the necessary treatment and improve the condition of the woman.

Nausea at 28 weeks pregnant

In the third trimester, some women experience nausea, cramps, swelling, and high blood pressure. These symptoms are characteristic of late toxicosis (preeclampsia), which must be treated so that life-threatening complications do not arise. Therefore, nausea should not be ignored. It is necessary to observe your condition and not hesitate to contact the antenatal clinic.

Cold at 28 weeks pregnant

A short-term increase in body temperature up to 37 degrees should not bother a woman, since this can occur due to hormonal surges. But if an increase in temperature is accompanied by malaise, and a cough and runny nose also appear, then we can say that the pregnant woman is sick. Treatment during pregnancy is quite specific, since many drugs have a negative effect on the fetus.

First, a woman needs to switch to home mode for the duration of her illness. Secondly, a sufficient amount of liquid is necessary to remove toxins. And for the treatment of a runny nose and a sore throat, you can use saline solutions for irrigation and herbal infusions for rinsing. If the temperature rises above 38 degrees, you need to lower it, which paracetamol can handle. Other antipyretic women are not recommended to use.

Flying at 28 weeks pregnant

In the modern world, many pregnant women continue to maintain an active lifestyle and can even afford to vacation in another country. However, there are questions regarding air travel. Can they lead to pregnancy complications? It will be difficult to answer this question unambiguously. For example, WHO does not recommend flying on an airplane after 32 weeks with a multiple pregnancy, after 36 weeks with a singleton pregnancy, in the first days after childbirth, and also in the presence of such complications as severe anemia, preeclampsia and the threat of miscarriage. To absolute contraindications gynecologists include the presence of preeclampsia, placenta previa and anemia of the third degree of severity. In this case, it is definitely worth canceling the flight. But there are also relative contraindications, and there are a lot of them, starting with colds and ending with the threat of miscarriage. Future parents need to weigh everything before planning a vacation.

In addition to all of the above, there are problems that a woman could already have time to “get acquainted with” before the 28th week of pregnancy. These are back pain, heartburn, frequent urination, heaviness in the legs, bowel habits and fatigue. Each pregnant woman is looking for her own ways to alleviate the condition, adapting to changes in her body.

• With the start of the third trimester take care of your health very carefully because your baby's health depends on it. Avoid crowded places, move slowly so as not to fall (especially in winter), if there are warning signs, immediately contact a gynecologist.
• Get enough rest. To reduce the load on the legs and back, as well as to reduce pain in the abdomen of a pregnant woman, you need to find time to lie down during the day. Choose comfortable positions when you are sitting or lying down. For example, in the “cross-legged” or “lying on the back” position, the uterus can compress the veins, which makes the woman feel bad. And, of course, it is important to observe sleep patterns. At this time, it can be difficult to fall asleep due to itching in the body, movements of the baby and a large belly. Ventilate the room, stroke the belly to soothe the baby, and place pillows under the belly and back.
• Move on. Although a growing belly can already be heavy, it is important for women to change their position throughout the day so that there is no stagnation of fluid in the body. You can visit the pool, do yoga or just take a leisurely walk. But it is important that these loads are not too strong, so as not to provoke premature birth.
• Proper nutrition at 28 weeks pregnant- an important moment, both for mother and for the baby. It should fully meet the needs of two organisms in all the necessary nutrients, but it should not be excessive. Today, almost everyone knows how to eat right. A sufficient amount of protein, vegetables and fruits, the absence of junk food in the diet are the principles of a healthy diet. A pregnant woman needs to eat often and in small portions. The main thing is not to gain excess weight, as this can affect the health of the baby, as well as the figure of the mother herself. If a woman has swelling, you need to reduce the amount of salt and count the amount of fluid you drink. To replenish the reserves of calcium, magnesium and iron in the body, it is imperative to include food containing these elements in the diet.
• Create an atmosphere of calm and comfort around you. When mom is happy, the baby will be just as good. This is especially important now, when he is sensitive to any changes in the mood and well-being of his mother. If you are often nervous, think about what will happen after childbirth, worry about the health of the crumbs, and also cannot relax, sign up for courses for pregnant women. There you will not only be told everything you need to know, but they will also help you relax with the help of special exercises. Now is the time to start preparing for childbirth, but it is important that it goes smoothly.

External changes in a woman's body are associated with preparation for future motherhood. During the first months of pregnancy, the breast has managed to increase in size, and now a small amount of colostrum can be released from it. This is normal as long as there are no symptoms.

Due to changes in the hormonal background, a woman develops age spots, which disappear without a trace after the end of pregnancy.

In addition, changes in mood are possible. If in the first months this was the result of early toxicosis with nausea or vomiting and other ailments, now the mother has worries about the upcoming birth.

Exactly 27 weeks have passed since the first day of the last menstruation, followed by ovulation and fertilization of the egg by the sperm. If in the first weeks there is a high probability of detachment of the embryo (blastocyst) from the wall of the uterus, then over time its position will stabilize. It begins to actively develop and increase in size. By week 27, a strongly grown tummy causes a lot of problems for a pregnant woman. The uterus affects the lower region, which includes the intestines and bladder. You need to be prepared for consequences such as digestive problems and frequent urination.

Receive letters about the development of the baby and the condition of the mother once a week.

To cope with constipation, heartburn, bloating, doctors recommend that mom keep a diet that allows you to establish the process of bowel movement. But with frequent urges to the toilet "in a small way" you need to put up with it: in no case should you endure it, it can harm the genitourinary system. It is especially difficult for a woman at night, sometimes you have to visit the toilet several times.

The impressive size of the uterus presses not only down, but also up, closely adhering to the diaphragm. Hence the problems with breathing - shortness of breath. There is a feeling of stale breathing. If earlier it was not difficult to take a deep breath, now it becomes difficult.

Sleep problems are a common occurrence at 27 weeks. They may be due to experiences, due to running to the toilet or some other factor. Sometimes, it's just that mom and baby don't have the same sleep and wake patterns. A woman feels well the movements of her child in the womb, and if the baby wants to play at night, then the mother has to not sleep with him. During too active stirring, experts recommend calming the child with stroking and a lullaby.

Pain at 27 weeks pregnant

Despite the fact that most of the pregnancy is over, the expectant mother may feel pain from time to time. Discomfort is caused by a number of reasons and usually does not lead to miscarriage. It is important to know them so as not to be confused with a real threat of abortion.

• Pain on the sides of the abdomen and in the lower back is the result of stretching of the muscular ligaments of the uterus.
• Pain in the legs, cramps and swelling appear due to various circumstances. Cramps can be caused by a lack of nutrients in the body (such as calcium), and excessive swelling indicates kidney problems, poor drinking, or too much exercise.
• Pain and whirling in the head, sudden onset of drowsiness and weakness. One reason may be occlusion by the uterus of the vena cava, which supplies blood to the heart.
• Pain in the anus causes frequent constipation. In this case, most likely the pregnant woman has hemorrhoids, which should be treated by a specialist.

Temperature and cold

The immunity of a woman during pregnancy weakens its protective functions, so her body is susceptible to infection with various kinds of diseases. First of all, we are talking about viral infections. In order not to catch a cold, gynecologists recommend that their patients be more thoughtful about their pastimes. It is best to give preference to meeting at home with a narrow group of friends, rather than going to a crowded gathering. In public places, the risk of catching an infection is higher. In addition, in order not to catch a cold, you need to dress according to the weather, keep your feet warm and eat foods rich in phytoncides (garlic and onions) during epidemics.

If the body still could not withstand the pressure of bacteria, and a cold overcame it, it is necessary to adhere to certain rules:

1. Monitor temperature. If it is kept at the level of 37-37.5 degrees, then it is not necessary to knock it down with medicines. Elevated body temperature is often observed during pregnancy. If the mark on the thermometer approaches 38 degrees, you need to drink paracetamol.
2. When the first signs of a cold appear, you need to make an appointment with a therapist and gynecologist. Doctors will advise the safest and most effective methods of dealing with a cold during pregnancy. If the temperature rises, you need to call a doctor at home.
3. To prevent dehydration, you should take a warm drink: teas, fruit drinks, milk.
4. As a safe remedy, you can use folk methods: rinsing and inhaling with infusions of medicinal herbs.
5. During illness, bed rest is indicated in a well-ventilated room.

Discharge at the 27th obstetric week of pregnancy

Allocations at the 27th week of pregnancy are profuse. Compared to the first months, now you can see more content from the genital tract on your underwear. Some moms might be worried about this. But experts reassure: at this time, this is the norm. Most importantly, the color and consistency should not change. If blood has appeared from the vagina, then you must immediately go to the hospital to prevent spontaneous abortion.

Often at 27 weeks pregnant women develop candidiasis or thrush. The symptoms of this unpleasant disease include curdled discharge with a sour smell, itching and soreness in the vaginal area.

Thrush needs to be urgently treated and get rid of it before childbirth. Otherwise, it may harm the health of the child.

• If you haven't signed up for mums-to-be yet, now is the time. These classes are useful in that they deal with issues that are increasingly troubling a woman. These are issues of the health of the child and mother, preparation for childbirth, for breastfeeding. In addition, at such courses, the expectant mother can distract from her experiences, communicate with doctors and other pregnant women. Fathers are also invited to some classes.
• If your work involves sitting in one position for a long time, then you need to get up and stretch your body as often as possible. Thus, it will be possible to avoid edema, varicose veins.

Walk in places rich in oxygen. Of course, it is not easy to find such sites within the city, but try to get out to nearby forest plantations, parks and squares as often as possible. Saturation of the body with oxygen is good for you and for the baby.

• Talk to your child, tell how your day went, be interested in his affairs. The baby can already respond with pushes. Constant communication with the baby will certainly bear fruit, establishing a relationship with the mother, not only now, but also after childbirth.
• Despite the fact that she is no longer sick, a woman needs to monitor weight gain. Reconsider the diet, eliminating too high-calorie foods.

It is important to continue to adhere to the principles of a healthy diet. The volume of the mother's stomach has decreased due to the growing uterus, so you need to eat in small portions. The diet of a pregnant woman at this time should be based on foods rich in proteins and calcium: milk and sour milk, fish and low-fat beef, nuts. Daily consumption of vegetables and fruits, soups, cereals will benefit. Nutritionists recommend eating buckwheat, which, together with liver and spinach, replenish iron stores in a woman's body.

And now about the sad - about the list of products, the use of which needs to be reduced or eliminated altogether. The expectant mother should not drink alcohol, coffee, carbonated drinks. Fast food, fast food, as well as dishes that are spicy and fatty will go to the detriment. Foods cooked in oil will be too heavy for a pregnant woman's stomach and may exacerbate digestive problems. Too salty foods provoke the appearance of edema.

The use of buns, pies, pies and other flour products should be reduced to a minimum. They do not bring any benefit to the body, but cause the appearance of candidiasis or lead to rapid weight gain. It is considered normal if a woman from the moment of conception to 27 weeks has gained no more than 7-8 kg.

Vitamins at 27 weeks pregnant

Considering the unfavorable ecological situation and the intense rhythm of life in which we live, it is not suitable for any person to drink vitamins. What can we say about the body of a pregnant woman, who is sorely lacking in nutrients to ensure the normal functioning of both mother and child. This is where multivitamin preparations designed specifically for pregnant women come to the rescue.

According to studies, the expectant mother needs 1.5 times more useful trace elements than before pregnancy. You need to drink vitamin complexes strictly according to the doctor's indications, observing the dosage and regimen.

Physical activity

By week 27, it is quite difficult for some pregnant women to maintain their former physical activity. However, it is necessary through "I don't want" and "I can't" to force myself to move as much as possible. The easiest and most affordable way is to walk in the park or just down the street. You can do it alone or in a pleasant company. It is important to wear comfortable clothes and shoes that will reduce the load on your feet while walking.

Some mothers sign up for courses for pregnant women, which, in addition to the lecture part, include physical exercises and breathing exercises. These classes are very effective, because they are designed specifically for pregnant women, and will come in handy during childbirth.

Physical activity during pregnancy can help you:

• with edema and convulsions;
• with urinary incontinence, possible in the last months of pregnancy;
• with problems in digestion;
• with postpartum problems.

For especially advanced mothers who prefer an active lifestyle, pregnancy does not become an obstacle to practicing their favorite sports. They go to water aerobics, and yoga, visit the gym.

Sex at 27 weeks pregnant

At the 27th week of pregnancy, sexual activity is not contraindicated unless there are serious reasons for this. The reason for imposing a ban on intimate life can be various problems that have arisen at this time: the threat of premature birth, pathology of the cervix, disturbances in the placenta, preeclampsia, oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios. Also, the doctor may advise you to refrain from sexual intercourse if the pregnant woman has a history of miscarriages or multiple pregnancies.

Required studies and analyzes

For a period of 27 weeks, the expectant mother should visit a gynecologist at least once every two weeks. Thus, closer to childbirth, you will have to visit the doctor more and more often. This will make it possible to monitor the health of the baby, assess the parameters of its development and readiness for the birth process. At the appointment, the doctor performs the following procedures:

• measuring the volume of the abdomen and the height of the fundus of the uterus;
• listening to the baby's heartbeat with a stethoscope;
• measurement of weight and blood pressure;
• interpretation of blood and urine tests.

As usual, the doctor will carefully consider the result of the tests to exclude the presence of common diseases - anemia, cystitis, hypertension or hypotension.

ultrasound

A planned ultrasound is performed at 19-22 weeks along with a triple test, including testing for hCG, alpha-fetoprotein and estriol. If a pregnant woman was sent for an ultrasound at the 27th week of pregnancy, then the doctor has suspicions of the occurrence of a pathology. The ultrasound method allows you to make the correct diagnosis.