Agglutination in the spermogram plus what it means. What are the causes of sperm agglutination and how to treat the pathology? Aggregation and agglutination in the spermogram, interpretation of the results of the analysis, at what values ​​treatment is required

The development mechanism is simple:

1. Damage to the blood-testicular barrier.
2. Attack of sperm by natural antibodies.
3. Production of antisperm bodies.
4. Clumping of sperm.

Cause of sperm agglutination is a violation of the function of the blood-testicular barrier, or shield, which does not allow the immune system to find the formed sperm.

Each sex cell has exactly half of the required chromosomes. For this reason, the immune system regards them as inferior, which means they are alien, to be destroyed. It is the natural antibodies in the blood serum that begin to "attack" the cells of the seminal fluid, incl. and the sperm themselves.

In addition, in case of violation work of the hematotesticular barrier, the immune system "finds" the sperm and, trying to destroy them, begins to actively produce specific proteins - antisperm bodies, which in turn, attaching to the surface of the sperm, destroy its tiny negative charge. Because of this, the sperm can no longer repel its own kind and collides and sticks together with other cells and particles present in the ejaculate.

Due to the variety of factors affecting spermatogenesis, there are also many reasons for the occurrence of sperm agglutination:

Causes of dysfunction of the hematotesticular barrier

Hematotesticular barrier is a physical barrier between the blood vessels and the seminiferous tubules. It consists of specific Sertoli cells.

The reasons causing the destruction of the protective blood-testicular barrier include a number of factors:

1. Injury to the texticles (testicles).
2. Infections of various etiologies (of various origins).
3. Various complications after surgical intervention in the reproductive organs.
4. Inflammatory processes in the organs of the male reproductive system.

It follows from this that the phenomenon of sperm agglutination is only a pathology accompanying the underlying disease, a kind of symptom.

Diagnosis of the disease

Diagnose agglutination spermatozoa can only be in the laboratory. To do this, a man needs to donate a certain amount of sperm with Kruger morphology. Before examining the spermogram, the patient must undergo a MAR test.

- microscopic examination of seminal fluid.

1. This study is being carried out to determine the morphological composition of sperm, its fertilizing ability, the presence of inflammatory processes in the male reproductive system. Sperm agglutination- one of the indicators determined in the spermogram. In addition to it, the viscosity is determined,
   volume, liquefaction rate, color, presence of blood, mucus, red blood cells, white blood cell count, etc.
2. The spermogram is one of the most detailed studies, and therefore the most in demand among doctors.
3. It's very important to get it right take a sample, otherwise the result may be unreliable. It is optimal to select the required volume of sperm directly in the laboratory on your own, using masturbation.

Sperm agglutination in the spermogram is indicated by "+" and can be 4 degrees.

Interpreted as follows:

• «+» - characterized by mini-groups of stuck together "gum" of no more than 5 pieces.
• «++» - characterized by mini-groups of 10 - 20 sperm.
• «+++» - there are larger groups, up to 5 pieces, each of which contains more than 20 sperm.
• «++++» - the most "heavy" degree - when sticky sperm occupy almost the entire field of view.

But you should be careful, in the spermogram there is another indicator that is very similar to sperm agglutination - aggregation. The presence of this indicator indicates the presence of areas of sperm accumulation. Aggregation significantly reduces their motor ability, which is also not a physiological norm and indicates disorders in the body.

Treatment of agglutination

Treatment for such a pathology carried out only after all the necessary analyzes and studies. This is due to the fact that agglutination itself is not an independent disease, but only accompanies the underlying disease and is only a symptom (as mentioned above).

Based on the true pathology, the doctor draws up a treatment regimen. If necessary, the doctor can and should correct it.

• With an inflammatory process complex medical conservative treatment (without surgical intervention) is carried out. Previously, if we are talking about an infection, studies are carried out to identify the causative agent of the disease (bacteriological examination or serological, and, if possible, titration of antimicrobial agents)
• In case of diagnosis of varicocele, expansion of the veins of the pampiniform plexus or other diseases requiring the participation of a surgeon - they carry out appropriate treatment adequate to the diagnosis. At the same time, like any other surgical disease, they are treated not only with a scalpel, but also with appropriate medications.
• Sometimes a doctor uses hormone therapy to treat. As a rule, this method is aimed at artificially increasing the level of testosterone in the body of a man.
• They also use folk recipes, diets, sports. With a slight agglutination of sperm, this method is most preferable.

The influence of sperm agglutination on the possibility of conception and methods of treating pathology

Sperm agglutination can not but affect the process of conceiving a child. Having even a slight degree of agglutination, you should refrain from trying to get pregnant.

Conception with a high degree of agglutination cannot occur, but with a small one it is possible. But as a result of such a pregnancy, there is a high probability of giving birth to an unhealthy child with chromosomal disorders.

slight agglutination is successfully cured by drugs under the supervision of a physician, and the ability of sperm to fertilize the egg normally is fully restored.
If the degree of agglutination is high, the treatment may not give the desired effect, because agglutination in this case is caused by some of the previously listed extensive pathological conditions. In such cases, doctors recommend IVF (in vitro fertilization) or ICSI (intrauterine insemination method)

What to do if sperm agglutination is detected?

If you have identified sperm agglutination, you need to contact a urologist or andrologist. The doctor will prescribe the necessary detailed examination, and later, based on its results, treatment. The doctor will also explain how you need to change your diet and, possibly, lifestyle for a successful cure for this disease.

Sperm agglutination is a concept in medicine that characterizes the process of sticking of active spermatozoa to each other and / or with other sperm components. This pathology negatively affects the course of fertilization of the egg, since “sticky” spermatozoa cannot enter it.

The causes of the disease are varied and are the result of underlying diseases, so a man who discovers a problem should immediately go for a diagnosis.

Sperm agglutination is not considered a disease as such, however, it is recognized as a pathology, the untimely treatment of which or the absence of it can lead to impotence, the birth of unhealthy children, and is also one of the causes of infertility. Sperm

Depending on the nature of the gluing of male gametes, experts distinguish several types of spermatozoa agglutination:

• true (specific) - sperm cells stick together with each other in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe head or flagella, which is why they cease to be mobile;
• false (non-specific) - male gametes stick together with other components of sperm, which also leads to immobilization of gametes. This type of agglutination is called "aggregation".
• mixed sperm agglutination - aggregation and agglutination are observed simultaneously, which happens in very rare cases.

Mechanism

The spermatogenic epithelium of the seminiferous canals is the location of gametes in the male body. Sertoli cells, which create a hemotesticular barrier, are responsible for ensuring that blood does not enter the seminal fluid, as well as with the immune system.

When the Sertoli cells fail, a “gap” appears in the barrier, which causes the contact of the spermatozoa and the immune system. Gametes, like sex cells, have a half set of chromosomes, which the immune system recognizes as incorrect, defective, alien.

The process of their destruction is launched by the production of antibodies - special proteins that adhere to the surface of spermatozoa, which have a charge with a "-" sign.

Bodies with a negative charge tend to repel each other, however, enveloping protein antibodies destroy charged gametes, causing them to stop repelling, which leads to gluing with each other, as well as with other fractions of the ejaculate.

Causes of malfunction of Sertoli cells

Agglutination is not a disease and is one of the symptoms of an underlying disease that negatively affects the functioning of the hemotesticular barrier.

The main reasons for gluing gametes are as follows:

• damage and compression of the genital organs of a man. From this, a violation in the nutrition of Sertoli particles can occur, as a result of which they die and cause an inflammatory process;
• an inflammatory process that causes the appearance of bacteria that feed on healthy cells;
• hormonal disruptions that negatively affect the production of testosterone, which is responsible for the formation of seminal fluid, and with it spermatozoa;

• diseases of the genitourinary system that increase the creation of agglutinated gametes and increase the density of sperm;
• a malfunction of the immune system, which lowers the degree of protection of the hemotesticular barrier, which is why sperm are falsely taken for foreign bodies and destroyed by antibodies;
• mumps or mumps, in children.

In addition to the above factors, the result of which is the adhesion of spermatozoa, there are other causes of the pathological process:

• violation of the process of ejaculation;
• varicose veins affecting the testicles (varicocele);
• genetic predisposition;
• anemia;
• drinking alcohol and using drugs;
• some medical preparations.

Diagnostics

The clinical picture of sperm agglutination is expressed in only one symptom - difficulty conceiving. It is possible to identify pathology only with the help of diagnostic studies, which take place in two main stages.

Stage one - MAR test

For the MAR test, both venous blood and seminal fluid are taken as a material. The study helps to determine the number of affected gametes, as well as their ratio as a percentage of the total.

Stage two - spermogram

Spermogram is the most informative and reliable study of the composition of the ejaculate and its ability to fertilize.

Sperm parameters are studied:

• viscosity;
• volume;
• color;
• the possible presence of blood and its components and similar characteristics;
• sperm motility and their condition are determined.

Stage three - other general analyzes

Carrying out other tests and diagnostic methods, such as:

• blood sampling;
• urine;

They allow to determine the causes of the pathology and the disease that caused the sperm to stick together.

Both in the first and in the second stage, the main method of collecting material for analysis is self-masturbation. It is very important that the sampling is carried out correctly, since the seminal fluid tends to change the degree of density.

The maximum period during which the material must be examined is three hours. In addition, sperm should not experience sudden temperature changes, under the influence of which spermatozoa may die, and the analysis itself will become unreliable.

On the basis of research, a preliminary diagnosis is confirmed or refuted - spermatozoa agglutination, and its degree is also revealed.

Degrees of agglutination and semen quality

According to the qualitative composition, “healthy” sperm should not be thick and contain lumps.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), normal quantitative and qualitative indicators of sperm are:

• the volume of seminal fluid is more than two milliliters;
• the number of active spermatozoa - at least half of the total;
• the number of "healthy" gametes - at least thirty percent.

The mark "abs" in the spermogram means the absence of pathology. If there is a deviation from the normative indicators, then the disease is present.

The degree of agglutination is of four types:

1. 1 degree - isolated (+) - the presence of small groups of agglutinating spermatozoa in the amount of not more than five units in each;
2. 2 degree - medium (++) - several small groups of agglutinating spermatozoa in the amount of ten to twenty units each;
3. 3 degree - severe (+++) - large groups of agglutinating spermatozoa in the amount of more than twenty units each;
4. Grade 4 - the most severe (++++) - in the studied volume, almost all spermatozoa that are in a motionless state are glued together, as indicated by the value of "d" of the spermogram.

Based on the identified characteristics of agglutination, the specialist prescribes the necessary therapy.

Treatment

Treatment of agglutination and aggregation of spermatozoa is prescribed by a urologist after all diagnostic studies have been carried out and in the case when the cause of the pathology is found. There are several types of therapy that directly depend on the degree of the disease.

Medical

Conservative treatment with medications is carried out in the diagnosis of inflammatory processes in the body of a man.

Antibiotics are prescribed, aimed at the destruction of various types of pathogenic bacteria, and with them drugs aimed at reducing inflammation.

Such a complex of treatment leads to the cleansing of dead cells and the restoration of sperm properties. If the infection is localized in the prostate gland, then the doctor may prescribe the following medications, such as:

• Prostamol uno;
• Prostanorm;
• Vitaprost.

Conservative treatment is also used for hormonal failures. Hormone therapy is prescribed, aimed at increasing testosterone levels through the use of appropriate drugs.

In some cases, treatment is aimed at increasing sperm motility and eliminating antisperm proteins. For this purpose, drugs such as gonadotropin and clomiphene are prescribed.

Surgical intervention

Operations to eliminate agglutination and aggregation of spermatozoa can be used when the genital organs are affected by vascular diseases, for example, varicocele, or other diseases, such as:

• torsion of the testicular cord;
• prostate adenoma.

ethnoscience

Traditional medicine, as well as a diet, an active lifestyle, are recommended for mild agglutination, but pathology cannot be treated with folk remedies alone.

Healers advise the use of mummy, which should be washed down with natural berry juice, as well as the regular use of herbal teas and decoctions.

Such measures can help in raising immunity, reducing the degree of inflammatory processes in the body, etc.

Conception and pathology

Small degrees of pathology leave a low probability of fertilization, but doctors do not recommend using it either, since there is a high risk of having a child with genetic abnormalities.

Successful treatment can completely restore the quality characteristics of the ejaculate while maintaining the ability to fertilize, however, in most advanced cases, sperm quality cannot be restored.

Both cases involve the process of filtering the sperm, after which it is introduced into the egg in the manner prescribed by the chosen method of fertilization.

Prevention

To reduce the risk of sperm clumping, a man should take the following preventive measures:

• include in the diet foods containing vitamin C, which improves digestion;
• avoid damage to the genitals, in particular, the testicles;
• lead a healthy and active lifestyle and give up bad habits;
• do not expose the body to high and low temperatures;
• avoid wearing tight and synthetic underwear that can pinch the testicles;
• if possible, do not apply lubricant during intercourse;
• have sex regularly
• undergo examinations of the genitourinary system at least once a year in order to detect deviations and pathologies in time.

The development mechanism is simple:

1. Damage to the blood-testicular barrier.
2. Attack of sperm by natural antibodies.
3. Production of antisperm bodies.
4. Clumping of sperm.

Cause of sperm agglutination is a violation of the function of the blood-testicular barrier, or shield, which does not allow the immune system to find the formed sperm.

Each sex cell has exactly half of the required chromosomes. For this reason, the immune system regards them as inferior, which means they are alien, to be destroyed. It is the natural antibodies in the blood serum that begin to "attack" the cells of the seminal fluid, incl. and the sperm themselves.

In addition, in case of violation work of the hematotesticular barrier, the immune system "finds" the sperm and, trying to destroy them, begins to actively produce specific proteins - antisperm bodies, which in turn, attaching to the surface of the sperm, destroy its tiny negative charge. Because of this, the sperm can no longer repel its own kind and collides and sticks together with other cells and particles present in the ejaculate.

Due to the variety of factors affecting spermatogenesis, there are also many reasons for the occurrence of sperm agglutination:

Causes of dysfunction of the hematotesticular barrier

Hematotesticular barrier is a physical barrier between the blood vessels and the seminiferous tubules. It consists of specific Sertoli cells.

The reasons causing the destruction of the protective blood-testicular barrier include a number of factors:

1. Injury to the texticles (testicles).
2. Infections of various etiologies (of various origins).
3. Various complications after surgical intervention in the reproductive organs.
4. Inflammatory processes in the organs of the male reproductive system.

It follows from this that the phenomenon of sperm agglutination is only a pathology accompanying the underlying disease, a kind of symptom.

Diagnosis of the disease

Diagnose agglutination spermatozoa can only be in the laboratory. To do this, a man needs to donate a certain amount of sperm with Kruger morphology. Before examining the spermogram, the patient must undergo a MAR test.

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Treatment of agglutination

Treatment for such a pathology carried out only after all the necessary analyzes and studies. This is due to the fact that agglutination itself is not an independent disease, but only accompanies the underlying disease and is only a symptom (as mentioned above).

Based on the true pathology, the doctor draws up a treatment regimen. If necessary, the doctor can and should correct it.

• With an inflammatory process complex medical conservative treatment (without surgical intervention) is carried out. Previously, if we are talking about an infection, studies are carried out to identify the causative agent of the disease (bacteriological examination or serological, and, if possible, titration of antimicrobial agents)
• In case of diagnosis of varicocele, expansion of the veins of the pampiniform plexus or other diseases requiring the participation of a surgeon - they carry out appropriate treatment adequate to the diagnosis. At the same time, like any other surgical disease, they are treated not only with a scalpel, but also with appropriate medications.
• Sometimes a doctor uses hormone therapy to treat. As a rule, this method is aimed at artificially increasing the level of testosterone in the body of a man.
• They also use folk recipes, diets, sports. With a slight agglutination of sperm, this method is most preferable.

The influence of sperm agglutination on the possibility of conception and methods of treating pathology

Sperm agglutination can not but affect the process of conceiving a child. Having even a slight degree of agglutination, you should refrain from trying to get pregnant.

Also, do not forget about other sensitive points on the female body. And the first one is the G-spot.

You can find out the rest of the secrets of unforgettable sex on the pages of our portal.

Conception with a high degree of agglutination cannot occur, but with a small one it is possible. But as a result of such a pregnancy, there is a high probability of giving birth to an unhealthy child with chromosomal disorders.

slight agglutination is successfully cured by drugs under the supervision of a physician, and the ability of sperm to fertilize the egg normally is fully restored.
If the degree of agglutination is high, the treatment may not give the desired effect, because agglutination in this case is caused by some of the previously listed extensive pathological conditions. In such cases, doctors recommend IVF (in vitro fertilization) or ICSI (intrauterine insemination method)

What to do if sperm agglutination is detected?

If you have identified sperm agglutination, you need to contact a urologist or andrologist. The doctor will prescribe the necessary detailed examination, and later, based on its results, treatment. The doctor will also explain how you need to change your diet and, possibly, lifestyle for a successful cure for this disease.

If a couple fails to have a child for a long time, it is necessary to decide and undergo an in-depth examination to determine the cause of infertility. Perhaps the cause is sperm agglutination. It is necessary to do and find out if there is agglutination in the spermogram. The results of such a survey can provide an assessment of the state of men's health. After that, the doctor will decide on the possibility of treatment or artificial insemination.

Agglutination in the spermogram: what is it?

What can she tell the profile doctor?

The term "agglutination of spermatozoa" (seminal cells) refers to the pathology of the male reproductive system, in which cells stick together. In the normal state, these seminal cells move and repel themselves under the influence of negatively charged particles. This ensures their mobile behavior necessary to reach the egg and fertilization.

Stand out:

1. True agglutination, in which spermatozoa stick together with each other.
2. False (nonspecific) agglutination. In this case, spermatozoa stick together with particles of destroyed cells, lumps of mucus, epithelial cells, and antibodies of their own body.

What are the reasons for the development of this pathology?

The blood-testicular barrier can be damaged in some male diseases:

• damage to the testicles as a result of trauma;
• complications of surgical interventions;
• diseases of the male reproductive organs.

What consequences does this pathology have for a couple who want to have children?

Glued cells lose the ability to move forward to the egg. Therefore, fertilization of the egg does not occur. If doctors detect sperm agglutination, it is considered necessary to carry out bacteriological seeding of sperm. This is necessary to assess the potential threat of infection. It is necessary to determine whether it can lead to sperm agglutination and male infertility. Bonding of spermatozoa does not allow fertilization to occur.

What is the diagnosis of the state of the ejaculate in this pathology?

Detects different degrees of this deviation from the norm. You can detect it using a spermogram. The direction for this analysis is given by the andrologist.

How is sperm agglutination determined?

This examination of male sperm is carried out using a microscope. It is considered the only and main analysis to predict male fertility. But the spermogram does not give an unambiguously negative result. Even serious differences from normal characteristics only mean a lower ability to conceive a child in the usual way.

What should be done to properly prepare for a spermogram?

1. Abstinence from sexual activity for 2-7 days.
2. Refusal to take alcohol, drugs, coffee for the same period.
3. During the same period, you can not take water procedures, sunbathe and allow exposure to high temperatures on the body.

How is the material for spermogram collected?

• ejaculate is collected in a condom using masturbation. The laboratory room is equipped with a specially designated room with a door securely closed from the inside and erotic magazines;
• the collected material must be transferred to laboratory assistants no later than within three hours from the moment of ejaculation;
• for a more accurate result, this material is submitted for research repeatedly.

Evaluation of the results of this analysis:

1. The spermogram must necessarily contain an indication of the degree of sperm agglutination (agglutination). It is expressed as a number of pluses.
2. The patient should not be discouraged if a poor result is obtained in the course of this study. Spermogram should be done again. The following characteristics of his sperm may be different.
3. If, as a result of this analysis, the presence of pathological agglutination of spermatozoa is established, it can be considered that there is:

• failure of the immune system;
• manifestation of an autoimmune inflammatory process;
• chronic inflammatory process in the male gonads.

Can a man with such an analysis result become a father?

Agglutination in the spermogram does not exclude the possibility of conceiving a child naturally. But reduced sperm motility is observed in almost all cases.

What to do if sperm agglutination is detected

What is the treatment? How to treat sperm agglutination?

What is the essence of these methods of overcoming infertility:

• antibodies that stick together the seminal cells are separated from the spermatozoa;
• the seminal fluid is washed out to make the cells mobile again;
• provided that there is a sufficient number of active spermatozoa, sperm is introduced into the uterus using a catheter;
• as a result of this short-term procedure, the likelihood of fertilization increases significantly;
• this reproductive technology is called artificial insemination.

Sometimes fertilization by artificial insemination cannot be realized, since the man does not have a sufficient number of seminal cells. Then such a process is carried out in a test tube. The female eggs are extracted and combined with the washed male spermatozoa. But this does not always have the desired result.

In this situation, there is the possibility of fertilization using intracytoplasmic sperm injection. This is a successful, but much more expensive and complex reproductive technology. But it is of great importance for people who want to have a child.

Almost every man dreams of a child. This is a great happiness for the family, but not always the couple manages to conceive children in the usual way.

Modern medicine has great potential to help people in such situations.

If you make a spermogram, you can identify the causes of male infertility. Simultaneously with the spermogram, other studies are also carried out. Sperm agglutination can be cured. The doctor finds ways to treat and conceive a child.

You never need to despair. There are always ways to achieve the best result. You just need to be patient and persistent. Modern reproductive technologies have already helped many couples. There are many possibilities for treatment. And then a small miracle will appear in the family: a pretty girl with pigtails or a mischievous boy. Life will be filled with new meaning.

Infertility is a real tragedy in the lives of both women and men. Modern studies show that in half the case, infertility occurs due to the fault of the stronger sex. And not the last place here is the quality of male sperm.

What is sperm agglutination

Simply put, this is a phenomenon in which the necks, heads or tails of spermatozoa stick to one another or to different fractions of the ejaculate. This pathology can be detected only with the help of a spermogram.

In a healthy state, spermatozoa are negatively charged and, according to the laws of physics, repel each other - accordingly, during their passage through the female genital tract, gluing does not occur. And sperm agglutination is the absolute inability of spermatozoa to overcome the female genital tract and fertilize the egg.

Varieties

If the natural mechanism of the genital organs is disturbed, two types of this pathology are possible: true or false agglutination. Both are dangerous for the occurrence of infertility.

Important! Sperm agglutination can lead to impotence or cause diseased offspring.

True

With true agglutination, spermatozoa (gametes) stick together with one another in any parts. Male germ cells lose their lability and functionality, as a result - the development of male infertility.

False

Or nonspecific agglutination. Male germ cells are not glued together with each other, but with parts of the seminal fluid - mucus, epithelial cells, macrophages. As a result, sperm cells also lose their mobility, and fertilization becomes impossible.

The mechanism of development of pathology

The start of the development of this pathological process is the appearance of antisperm bodies on the surface of gametes. It is they who immobilize and glue the gametes.

Normally, gametes are located in the seminiferous tubules, in their spermatogenic epithelium. Existing Sertoli cells (also called hematotesticular barrier) prevent sperm from coming into contact with blood and prevent sperm from coming into contact with the male immune system - it identifies them as foreign substances.

Did you know? During ejaculation, the speed of a man's sperm is 70 kilometers per hour.

Sometimes the hemato-testicular barrier ceases to function and the gametes come into contact with the immune system, which, recognizing spermatozoa as foreign bodies, expels these cells from the body. Antisperm bodies are formed - special proteins that occupy specific areas on the outer surface of the male sex gametes. Their unusually strong bond with sperm alters their function and practically immobilizes them.

Causes

The main causes of this pathology are:

• testicular injury;
• reduced immunity;
• abnormality of the sex glands;
• unsuccessful surgical interventions;
• autoimmune processes;
• infectious diseases;
• inflammatory processes in the genitals;
• transformation of the structure of sperm;
• varicose veins of the spermatic cord;
• ejection of semen into the bladder;
• obstruction;
• hormonal disorder;
• homozygosity;
• anemia and cystic fibrosis;
• underdevelopment of the genitals;
• drugs and alcohol;
• some medicines;
• venereal diseases.

Important! If appropriate treatment is not carried out in time, this is fraught with the loss of a man's ability to procreate.

Diagnostics

The main method for diagnosing this anomaly is a spermogram., in the output of which, among other things, the degree of gluing is indicated:

• + - gluing into groups of no more than five sperm, it does not matter much;
• ++ - bonding in separate groups from 10 to 20 spermatozoa;
• +++ - there are more than five groups, each of which contains dozens of spermatozoa;
• ++++ - many gluing groups, each with a large number of cells.

Another diagnostic method is the MAR test. With its help determine the fertilizing ability of sperm. This test is considered negative when the number of sperm that carry antisperm antibodies is not more than 50%. In the case of an increase in their content to 80-100%, artificial insemination is recommended.

When sperm agglutination is detected, the doctor finds out its origin: the underlying disease is diagnosed, which led to the appearance of the pathology, and its treatment is prescribed - medication or surgery.

VIDEO: INTERPRETATION OF SPERM GRAM INDICATORS

Therapy Methods

This ailment is considered by experts to be a serious disease that requires appropriate treatment. His treatment is based on spermogram data and the causes of the pathology.

Surgery

This type of treatment is prescribed in case of sperm sticking as a result of physical trauma to the genitals. The essence of the operation is to eliminate gluing with the help of surgical intervention.

In addition to the operation itself, this type of treatment requires the patient to take medications that improve sperm quality.

Important! The operation is carried out only if the elimination of adhesion is really probable.

Medical treatment

Drug therapy that improves sperm is used if the patient has infectious diseases that contributed to the appearance of gluing of sperm. A man is prescribed antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs, the main task of which is to relieve inflammation. In addition to this, drugs are prescribed that strengthen the body and increase its resistance.

Diet

With this ailment, you will have to change the diet and follow these recommendations:

1. Eliminate fatty protein foods, replacing them with fresh fruits and vegetables, as well as foods high in folic acid - leafy vegetables, wholemeal bread, yeast, liver.
2. Increase the intake of vitamin C, which affects the vitality and tone of sperm, as well as its volume.
3. Reduce alcohol consumption, and three to four months before the planned conception - completely abandon it. In return, "lay down" on white cabbage and bran.
4. Limit yourself to beer. This drink is detrimental to sperm quality.
5. Fried foods should not be in the diet. It should be replaced with stewed or steamed.
6. Load up on fruits and vegetables, which, thanks to the high amount of antioxidants, have a positive effect on fertility.
7. Strengthen the diet with vitamin E - eat more celery, cilantro, parsley, honey and dried fruits. This will improve blood vessels and sperm.

Did you know? The length of the spermatozoon is only 0.055 mm.

What is the probability of successful conception after recovery

A small degree of agglutination under the supervision of a doctor is successfully cured and the possibility of spermatozoa to normal fertilization of the egg is completely revived.

With a small degree, there is a certain possibility of conception, but this is associated with the risk of having a child with a chromosomal failure. However, with a high degree of agglutination, when adhesion is a consequence of the pathological conditions mentioned above, the result of treatment can be disappointing. In this case, in vitro fertilization or intrauterine insemination is recommended.

Thus, sperm agglutination is a serious problem for men's health, but you should not despair and give up. In many cases, this disease can be successfully treated. You should not be afraid to seek medical help in a timely manner, and then follow all the doctor's instructions.

Agglutination is a pathological process that provokes the gluing of spermatozoa. Agglutination in the spermogram is one of the analysis options that reflects the presence of fused spermatozoa and the degree of their gluing. Agglutination is associated with consequences expressed in the impossibility of fertilization of the egg by sperm. Depending on the stage and form of the pathology, the patient may be prescribed both a course of drug therapy to restore reproductive ability, and the need for artificial insemination.

Origin mechanism

Depending on the features, two types of agglutination are distinguished: true and false. True agglutination in the spermogram reveals the presence of spermatozoa stuck together. The fusion of spermatozoa is partial, if the male sperm is glued together by the head or tails, and complete, when the sperm is unsuitable for fertilization. The consequence of pathology is the loss of sperm motility.

False agglutination according to the spermogram reflects the process of gluing spermatozoa with particles of lymph, mucus, epithelium, as well as other components that sperm contains. Pathology also provokes the loss of sperm mobility, but in most cases, the ability to fertilize in men remains. It is much easier to cure this variant of the pathology. Normally, the processes of maturation of spermatozoa occur in the spermatogenic epithelium, which serves as a natural barrier between male germ cells and hemalymph. This is due to the fact that sperm cells are alien to the body due to the haploid set of chromosomes.

When the natural protective barrier is violated, the immune system begins to produce anti-sperm antibodies that affect sperm antigens. The result of pathogenic factors is the process of gluing spermatozoa with the subsequent loss of the ability to fertilize the egg with sperm.

What will the doctor say after the examination

Sperm agglutination is a serious disease and requires treatment. The lack of adequate therapy leads to the loss of the ability of men to procreate. The spectrum of causes of sperm agglutination is small. For example, the following factors can lead to the appearance of adhesion displayed on the results of the spermogram, which the attending physician will help to detect and determine:

• Surgical manipulations in the genital area of ​​a man, which led to the development of complications or were carried out incorrectly.
• Infectious, viral, bacterial and inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system.
• Mechanical injuries of the genital organs of a man, associated with damage to the seminal canals, can also become one of the prevailing causes.

To confirm the diagnosis, you need to conduct a spermogram.

Spermogram is used as the main type of diagnosis to detect the disease. In accordance with the results of the spermogram in a man, mixed, true or false sperm agglutination can be determined. In the form of an additional study, a MAR test is used to determine sperm motility, their number and the presence of gluing.

Medical therapy

Each patient who, according to the spermogram, has a pathology, is interested in the question: how to treat agglutination and improve sperm. The treatment of a man is selected in accordance with the data of the spermogram and the reasons that led to the development of the pathology. The results obtained after the therapy depend both on the correctness of the chosen treatment and on the degree of manifestation of the pathology.

If a patient is diagnosed with infectious diseases that contributed to the agglutination of sperm, drug therapy is selected that improves sperm. The patient is prescribed antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents that eliminate the inflammatory process. Additionally, it is necessary to take drugs whose action is aimed at strengthening the body and increasing its resistance.

If sticky spermatozoa or agglutination in the spermogram is the result of physical trauma to the genital organs, it is possible to eliminate the adhesion through surgical intervention. The operation is carried out only if there is a possibility of removing the adhesive. It must be remembered that such treatment includes taking medications in order to improve the sperm in a man.

The treatment of any kind does not guarantee positive dynamics. However, if there is such a need, even with bonding, there is the possibility of conception. In the most mild cases, sperm is improved by filtration. The method allows to partially or completely restore sperm motility and mechanically eliminate sticking.

If the cause of the disease is an infectious disease, drug therapy is prescribed.

If, after applying the method, success was not achieved, which was confirmed by spermogram data, artificial insemination is required. In accordance with this method, purified sperm is introduced into the uterine cavity using a sterile catheter. The method of in vitro fertilization is also used. The optimal technique is chosen strictly individually in each case.

ethnoscience

Alternative treatment is not among the methods effective in the treatment of sperm agglutination. However, taking some homemade medicines can improve sperm, increase a man's ability to conceive, and reduce the ability of sperm to clump together. Among the most simple, safe and effective recipes are:

• Psyllium seeds brew a glass of boiling water and put on low heat for ten minutes. Strain the broth, take 50 grams at least four times a day. It improves sperm.
• Excellent helps with infertility and to improve the quality of sperm natural mummy. Take this tool should be daily, in the amount of 0.5-1 grams. You can drink juice or purified water.
• To eliminate agglutination, you can replace the usual tea with a decoction of herb mountaineer. To do this, mix a spoonful of dry raw materials with a glass of water, and then cook for ten minutes.

Alternative methods of treatment have one plus: they have no contraindications. The combination of therapy will help achieve the desired result, that is, the restoration of a man's ability to conceive and obtain positive spermogram results.

As additional, but the most important measures, one should name proper nutrition, giving up bad habits, and a healthy lifestyle in general. This will help improve sperm.

If the treatment does not bring an effect, the man still has a chance to have offspring. Methods of artificial insemination in most cases lead to a positive result even with advanced forms of agglutination. For the procedure, purified sperm is used. Often, fertilization requires three to four procedures.

Sperm agglutination - such a diagnosis can be heard by a childless couple. Yes, this can cause infertility, but in a healthy man, this condition is often found in the ejaculate.

Agglutination, or agglutination of sperm, is one of the indicators of the composition and quality of sperm, which must be evaluated in order to find out if it is suitable for fertilization. What does this diagnosis entail with a failure and what is the probability of getting rid of it?

Varieties of this pathology. In a normal state, sperm, striving for an egg, are negatively charged, therefore they repel everything that surrounds them, including other spermatozoa. If there is any violation, then this does not happen, as a result of which the pathology of gluing develops.

There are two types of agglutination:

1. True. In this case, there is a spike of germ cells with their own kind. It happens that they stick together with only one part - the head or tail, or stick together completely. In this form, sperm lose their mobility and are unable to fertilize the egg, which leads to male infertility.
2. False. This occurs when cells adhere to other sperm particles, epithelial cells, but not to sperm. And in this situation, they lose the speed necessary to reach the egg.

Etiology of the disease

If the spermogram showed the presence of agglutination, it means that antisperm antibodies appeared on the surface of the male germ cells, they deprive the sperm of mobility and provoke gluing with other cells.

In the normal state, sperm cells are located in their own membrane of the seminiferous tubules and the barrier (hematotesticular) between the blood vessels and the tubules prevents them from contacting the blood. One of the most important functions of this barrier is to protect spermatozoa from the immune system, which considers them a foreign substance due to the haploid set of chromosomes (1/2 of the full diploid set of chromosomes of an adult cell).

If a violation of the hematotesticular barrier nevertheless occurred and the gametes came into contact with the immune system, then the male body begins to produce special proteins - antisperm antibodies, which are located on the surface of the sperm. Antibodies attach to sperm so tightly that they not only deprive them of the necessary speed, but also lead to violations of their functions, with the help of which spermatozoa enter the egg.

The reasons for the loss of protective functions by the hematotesticular barrier may be as follows:

1. Scrotal injury.
2. postoperative consequences.
3. Inflammatory diseases of the organs of the male reproductive system (prostatitis, vesiculitis, etc.).
4. Infectious diseases, including STDs.

Diagnosis of the disease

Sperm agglutination is detected when passing a spermogram - an analysis of the ejaculate, which evaluates male fertility by various parameters. But before that, a man needs special testing, or a MAR test.

The MAR test is a specific study that determines the percentage of motile sperm cells that have antibodies to sperm membrane antigens in relation to the total number of germ cells in one portion of semen.

The test shows how many gametes are in the ejaculate that have every reason to participate in fertilization, but are excluded from this process. Biomaterial for analysis can be of two types - seminal fluid and blood from a vein.

The result will be better if both studies are carried out simultaneously, as they complement each other perfectly.

For greater convenience, patients are offered the option of simultaneously submitting material for a MAR test and a spermogram.

Spermogram, as mentioned above, this analysis, which determines the quality of sperm, and its collection is carried out by masturbation. Previously, the method of collecting material in a condom was used, but the lubrication of the contraceptive significantly distorted the results and this method was abandoned.

Agglutination in the spermogram will be detected more accurately if the analysis is passed correctly, observing certain conditions:

1. 3-5 days before the test, you should refrain from sexual intercourse and not masturbate.
2. Within 5-7 days, do not drink alcohol and do not take potent drugs (sleeping pills, drugs that increase metabolism, painkillers, etc.).
3. Avoid overheating of the genitals (do not go to baths, saunas, do not take a bath with hot water).

It is best to collect seminal fluid in the laboratory, but in some cases it can be delivered from home in a sterile container, but no later than an hour after collection and without exposing to low temperatures.

Then the sperm is carefully examined in the laboratory, where the agglutination of spermatozoa is found out using a microscope.

Interpretation of spermogram results

A patient who has passed the test and received a form with the result, of course, wants to know if everything is in order. What do the pluses and minuses marked in the "agglutination" column in the spermogram mean?

If there is a dash or a minus, then there is nothing to worry about, the study of this pathology did not reveal. But in the case of these advantages, you will have to worry. A different number of them can be noted in the spermogram - from one to four, and the more pluses, the higher the percentage of glued sperm. If there are 3-4 of them, then most likely this is the cause of infertility.

This is what an approximate graph with decoding looks like:

• "+" - rare groups of spermatozoa, where there are no more than 5 spermatozoa stuck together;
• "++" - groups are also single, but already more voluminous, up to 20 glued cells;
• "+++" - in the seminal fluid there are more than 5 groups of spermatozoa that have undergone agglutination, in each group there are more than a dozen gametes;
• "++++" - the predominant number of germ cells is in a soldered state.

There are situations when the detected agglutination in the spermogram turns out to be false. This happens if the rules for preparing for the collection of analysis were violated, and a spontaneous failure also occurs.

Whatever violations are indicated in the spermogram, this situation will require a re-test in two weeks. One caveat: this time the duration of abstinence should be exactly the same as last time.

Causes of pathology and therapeutic measures

If the repeated analysis indicates the presence of a pathology in the sperm, then the andrologist will have to identify the cause and prescribe the appropriate treatment. Sperm agglutination can signal the following disorders:

• failure of the immune system;
• the presence of an autoimmune disease;
• the course of chronic inflammatory processes in the male genital organs.

The analysis showed a slight deviation? Sometimes, to improve the result, it will be enough to normalize the nutrition process by including more vegetables and fruits in it, restore sleep patterns, quit bad habits - smoking and drinking alcohol. In addition, vitamins can be prescribed, the male body needs folic acid, fructose, vitamins E, C. This option is suitable for men at any stage of deviation and as a preventive measure with a normal analysis.

In the presence of inflammatory diseases, medications are prescribed that will positively affect the seminal fluid and help at least partially reduce the number of glued spermatozoa.

If sticky sperm appeared as a result of varicose veins or varicocele, then in most cases the method of surgical intervention is used. Less commonly, treatment therapy with the use of special drugs is sufficient.

In a situation where a couple wants to give birth to a child, and the man has agglutination due to inflammatory processes, then in this case, filtration of seminal fluid is prescribed, that is, purification. This method can restore a man's fertility.

If agglutination is not associated with inflammation, then it is possible to apply the method of intrauterine insemination. To do this, the sperm is cleaned of excess fluid and placed directly into the uterus using a catheter.

In the case when the above methods did not bring a positive result, then doctors recommend seeking advice on IVF or ICSI.

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If a family has a problem with conception, then you should not blame the woman for everything, because two people are involved in the birth of a small miracle. This means that a man must pass the necessary tests and a spermogram will show whether he can become a father or not. In any case, the sooner a pathology is detected, the easier it will be to eliminate it.

If a couple fails to have a child for a long time, it is necessary to decide and undergo an in-depth examination to determine the cause of infertility. Perhaps the cause is sperm agglutination. It is necessary to do and find out if there is agglutination in the spermogram. The results of such a survey can provide an assessment of the state of men's health. After that, the doctor will decide on the possibility of treatment or artificial insemination.

Agglutination in the spermogram: what is it?

What can she tell the profile doctor?

The term "agglutination of spermatozoa" (seminal cells) refers to the pathology of the male reproductive system, in which cells stick together. In the normal state, these seminal cells move and repel themselves under the influence of negatively charged particles. This ensures their mobile behavior necessary to reach the egg and fertilization.

Stand out:

1. True agglutination, in which spermatozoa stick together with each other.
2. False (nonspecific) agglutination. In this case, spermatozoa stick together with particles of destroyed cells, lumps of mucus, epithelial cells, and antibodies of their own body.

What are the reasons for the development of this pathology?

The blood-testicular barrier can be damaged in some male diseases:

• damage to the testicles as a result of trauma;
• complications of surgical interventions;
• diseases of the male reproductive organs.

What consequences does this pathology have for a couple who want to have children?

Glued cells lose the ability to move forward to the egg. Therefore, fertilization of the egg does not occur. If doctors detect sperm agglutination, it is considered necessary to carry out bacteriological seeding of sperm. This is necessary to assess the potential threat of infection. It is necessary to determine whether it can lead to sperm agglutination and male infertility. Bonding of spermatozoa does not allow fertilization to occur.

What is the diagnosis of the state of the ejaculate in this pathology?

Detects different degrees of this deviation from the norm. You can detect it using a spermogram. The direction for this analysis is given by the andrologist.

How is sperm agglutination determined?

This examination of male sperm is carried out using a microscope. It is considered the only and main analysis to predict male fertility. But the spermogram does not give an unambiguously negative result. Even serious differences from normal characteristics only mean a lower ability to conceive a child in the usual way.

What should be done to properly prepare for a spermogram?

1. Abstinence from sexual activity for 2-7 days.
2. Refusal to take alcohol, drugs, coffee for the same period.
3. During the same period, you can not take water procedures, sunbathe and allow exposure to high temperatures on the body.

How is the material for spermogram collected?

• ejaculate is collected in a condom using masturbation. The laboratory room is equipped with a specially designated room with a door securely closed from the inside and erotic magazines;
• the collected material must be transferred to laboratory assistants no later than within three hours from the moment of ejaculation;
• for a more accurate result, this material is submitted for research repeatedly.

Evaluation of the results of this analysis:

1. The spermogram must necessarily contain an indication of the degree of sperm agglutination (agglutination). It is expressed as a number of pluses.
2. The patient should not be discouraged if a poor result is obtained in the course of this study. Spermogram should be done again. The following characteristics of his sperm may be different.
3. If, as a result of this analysis, the presence of pathological agglutination of spermatozoa is established, it can be considered that there is:

• failure of the immune system;
• manifestation of an autoimmune inflammatory process;
• chronic inflammatory process in the male gonads.

Can a man with such an analysis result become a father?

Agglutination in the spermogram does not exclude the possibility of conceiving a child naturally. But reduced sperm motility is observed in almost all cases.

What to do if sperm agglutination is detected

What is the treatment? How to treat sperm agglutination?

What is the essence of these methods of overcoming infertility:

• antibodies that stick together the seminal cells are separated from the spermatozoa;
• the seminal fluid is washed out to make the cells mobile again;
• provided that there is a sufficient number of active spermatozoa, sperm is introduced into the uterus using a catheter;
• as a result of this short-term procedure, the likelihood of fertilization increases significantly;
• this reproductive technology is called artificial insemination.

Sometimes fertilization by artificial insemination cannot be realized, since the man does not have a sufficient number of seminal cells. Then such a process is carried out in a test tube. The female eggs are extracted and combined with the washed male spermatozoa. But this does not always have the desired result.

In this situation, there is the possibility of fertilization using intracytoplasmic sperm injection. This is a successful, but much more expensive and complex reproductive technology. But it is of great importance for people who want to have a child.

Almost every man dreams of a child. This is a great happiness for the family, but not always the couple manages to conceive children in the usual way.

Modern medicine has great potential to help people in such situations.

If you make a spermogram, you can identify the causes of male infertility. Simultaneously with the spermogram, other studies are also carried out. Sperm agglutination can be cured. The doctor finds ways to treat and conceive a child.

You never need to despair. There are always ways to achieve the best result. You just need to be patient and persistent. Modern reproductive technologies have already helped many couples. There are many possibilities for treatment. And then a small miracle will appear in the family: a pretty girl with pigtails or a mischievous boy. Life will be filled with new meaning.

Agglutination in the spermogram can be detected in any representative of the stronger sex. Pathology manifests itself one-time or constantly. The danger of this feature of seminal fluid is the absence of pregnancy in the family. To find out what reasons interfere with conception, a man and a woman need to undergo a medical examination. The patient needs to donate seminal fluid and blood from a vein. Both analyzes are done at the same time.

How does pathology occur?

The cause of the problem lies in the pathological composition of the seminal fluid. With agglutination, several germ cells stick together into a lump. This leads to the immobilization of spermatozoa. They lose their ability to reproduce.

If the spermogram showed increased agglutination, do not despair. It is necessary to pass a second analysis to confirm the diagnosis.

It should be borne in mind that this pathology responds well to treatment. If the causes of agglutination are not clarified, then specialists conduct additional studies for a positive conception.
Pathology is divided into two main forms:

• true type;
• false pathology.

The first form is characterized by adhesion of germ cells to each other. With a false pathology, adhesion of the sperm with various dead particles of the epithelium, antisperm bodies or mucus clots occurs.

To identify what type of pathology affected the sperm of a man, it is necessary to retake a spermogram.

Causes of sperm sticking together

There are a huge number of reasons that cause agglutination of seminal fluid. Spermatozoa can stick together under the influence of factors such as:

Injury to the genital organs can cause displacement or compression of the pelvic organs. Under the influence of pressure exerted by a displaced organ, a pathological change occurs on neighboring tissues. When injured, the nutrition of tissues is disrupted, and their cells die. The process is accompanied by the appearance of an inflammatory process, which leads to agglutination.

Hormonal changes always harm the health of the male reproductive system. Testosterone is responsible for the appearance of an erection, the production of spermatozoa and the secretion of seminal fluid. If the level of testosterone in the blood falls, there is a violation of spermatogenesis.

The risk of developing abnormal spermatozoa that are not of value for conception increases. The viscosity of semen secretion is also disturbed. She's getting thicker. Sperm do not move well and stick to the pieces of mucus that result from the increase in the level of peptides in the semen.

Various inflammatory diseases have a pathological effect on the health of the genitourinary system. Inflammation of the genital organs may have an unclear etiology or bacterial. With a bacterial form of pathology, infection of the body with pathogens occurs. Bacteria feed on healthy tissues. In the area inhabited by pathogenic microbes, dead tissue cells accumulate. They cause inflammation. The inflammatory process can occur both on the surface of the organ and inside. The process taking place in the vas deferens leads to false agglutination. In this case, spermatozoa stick together with dead tissues.

A common cause of agglutination is a malfunction of the immune system. The human immune system functions as a shield. It protects the body from the pathogenic effects of the environment. With the passage of sperm through the vas deferens in some patients, the production of antisperm bodies occurs. This is due to the erroneous operation of the protective system. The body perceives germ cells as a foreign body and begins to attack it. In this case, bodies are produced that capture sperm and stick together. The patient develops false agglutination.

How to identify pathology

Many men begin to think about a medical examination in the absence of pregnancy in the family. To identify the causes of infertility, the patient is recommended to take a spermogram. The analysis is taken subject to a number of rules:

Sexual rest must be observed to determine the viability of the germ cell. The average lifespan is 4-5 days. During this period, the patient must refrain from sexual intercourse. If the rule is not observed, then the analysis is considered invalid. Also, sexual rest is observed for the greatest accumulation of spermatozoa and secretions. This will help to more accurately determine the causes of infertility.

Alcoholic beverages adversely affect the vital activity of germ cells. Sperm are highly sensitive to alcohol. With daily use of even small doses of alcohol, spermatozoa die. Refusal of alcohol is carried out 3-4 days before the spermogram.

Many patients are on additional treatment for various chronic diseases. Taking certain drugs leads to abnormal development of spermatozoa or their death. One week before the spermogram, the patient should consult with his doctor. He will tell you whether it is possible to refuse concomitant treatment for 5-7 days.

If the analysis was collected correctly, then the diagnosis will be more accurate. When collecting ejaculate, it must be taken into account that sperm changes its properties within 20 minutes. At first, the sperm has a liquid structure for easy passage through the vas deferens. Then it becomes sticky. This is necessary for better retention of seminal fluid in the vagina. After 20 minutes, the sperm liquefies again to facilitate the passage of sperm to the egg. Therefore, experts require that the ejaculate be collected no later than three hours before the study. You also need to take into account the weather conditions. Seminal fluid should not be exposed to overheating or hypothermia. Temperature fluctuations can lead to the complete death of germ cells.

After studying the spermogram, specialists prescribe a bacterial culture of the smear. This analysis will help to identify the etiology of the disease. With bacterial culture, adults of pathogens or their metabolic products can be detected. If no bacteria are found in a man's smear, then the treatment consists in selecting methods for fertilizing the egg.

Troubleshooting Methods

Treatment of agglutination depends on the causes that caused the agglutination of sperm. Experts distinguish two main methods of treatment:

• medicinal effect;
• surgical influence.

Drug therapy is prescribed when an inflammatory process is detected. To eliminate the bacterium that caused the adhesion of sperm and tissue death, it is necessary to drink antibiotics. Often, specialists use broad-spectrum antibiotic preparations. They are able to simultaneously destroy different groups of microbes. After antibiotics, the patient is prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. They remove inflammation and reduce tissue tone. This helps the body to quickly cleanse itself of dead tissues and restore sperm.

Surgical exposure is prescribed for the defeat of the vas deferens tract vascular pathologies. Varicocele of the third and second degree leads to a change in the structure and composition of the sperm. Pathology can be eliminated only by a surgical method. Also, the operation is prescribed for testicular torsion or prostate adenoma in the last stage.

Agglutination may or may not respond to treatment. In this case, experts select methods of fertilization for the couple.

For the first fertilization, specialists wash the ejaculate. Healthy motile cells are separated from the dead and stuck together and kept secret. Dead cells are washed out. The purified liquid is injected into the body of the uterus using a special syringe. If fertilization does not occur, then the couple is sent for in vitro fertilization. In this case, the sperm is injected into the egg with a microneedle.

If conception does not occur in a family for a long time, then the help of doctors is needed. Agglutination in the spermogram can be one of the pathological causes that prevent fertilization.